IT366-MAD 22DIT081

LAB-2

Aim: Library Management System

Objective: Develop a simple console-based library management system for a book collection.
The system should allow users to perform various operations while demonstrating the use of
conditional statements, loops, functions, classes, inheritance, exception handling, and async
programming.

Task Requirements:

Book Class:

• Create a Book class with properties: title, author, yearPublished, and isAvailable
(boolean).

• Implement getters and setters for these properties.

• Include a method to display book details.

Library Class:

• Create a Library class that maintains a collection of Book objects.

• Include a method to add a book to the library.

• Include a method to borrow a book (mark it as not available).

• Include a method to return a book (mark it as available).

• Use a constructor to initialize the library with a predefined list of books.

User Interaction:

• Use a loop to present a menu to the user with the following options:

• Add a new book.

• Borrow a book.

• Return a book.

• List all books.

• Exit the system.

Use conditional statements to handle user inputs and navigate the menu.Switch-Case for Menu
Operations:

• Use a switch-case statement to process menu selections.

Handling Exceptions:
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• Implement exception handling for cases like attempting to borrow a book that is
unavailable or returning a book that was not borrowed.

Inheritance:

• Create a subclass EBook that inherits from Book and adds a property fileSize.
Override the method that displays book details to include the file size.

Static Methods:

• Implement a static method in the Library class that keeps track of the total number of
books in the library.

Abstract Class:

• Create an abstract class User with an abstract method displayUserType(). Create a

subclass Member that implements this method.

Use of Async and Await:

• Simulate an asynchronous process for listing books with a method in the Library class
that returns a Future<List<Book>> and uses await to simulate a delay.

Theory:
The Library Management System project demonstrates core programming concepts through
a console-based application that manages a book collection.

 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

• Classes & Objects: Book and Library encapsulate data and methods.

• Inheritance: EBook extends Book, adding fileSize and overriding methods.

• Abstract Class: User defines a template for derived classes like Member.

• Static Methods: Track library-wide properties (e.g., total book count).

 Control Structures:

• Conditional Statements: Handle user inputs and validate actions.

• Loops: Present and navigate menu options.

• Switch-Case: Simplify menu operations.

 Exception Handling:

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• Manage errors, such as borrowing unavailable books or returning non-borrowed

books.

 Async Programming:
• Simulates delays (e.g., fetching books) using async and await, showcasing
concurrency.

 Encapsulation:

• Use getters and setters for secure property access and modification.

Code:
import 'dart:async'; import

'dart:io';

abstract class User {

void displayUserType();

} class Member extends User

@override void displayUserType() { print("User

Type: Library Member");

} } class

Book {

String title; String

author; int

yearPublished;

bool isAvailable;

Book({

required this.title,

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required this.author, required

this.yearPublished,

this.isAvailable = true,

});

void displayDetails() {

print("Title: $title\nAuthor: $author\nYear: $yearPublished\nAvailable: ${isAvailable ? 'Yes'

: 'No'}\n");
} } class EBook extends Book

{ double fileSize;

EBook({

required String title,

required String author,

required int yearPublished,

required this.fileSize,

}) : super(title: title, author: author, yearPublished: yearPublished);

@override void displayDetails() { super.displayDetails();

print("File

Size: ${fileSize}MB\n");

} } class Library {

List<Book> _books; static

int totalBooks = 0;

Library(this._books) { totalBooks

= _books.length;

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void addBook(Book book) {

_books.add(book); totalBooks++;

print("Book added

successfully.\n");

} void borrowBook(String title)

try {

Book book = _books.firstWhere((b) => b.title == title);

if (!book.isAvailable) { throw Exception("The book is

already borrowed.");

book.isAvailable = false;

print("You borrowed: $title\n");

} catch (e) { print("Error:

${e.toString()}\n");

} void returnBook(String title)

try {

Book book = _books.firstWhere((b) => b.title == title);

if (book.isAvailable) { throw Exception("The book was

not borrowed.");

book.isAvailable = true; print("You

returned: $title\n");

} catch (e) { print("Error:

${e.toString()}\n");

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Future<void> listBooks() async { print("Fetching

book list...\n"); await

Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 2));

_books.forEach((book) => book.displayDetails());

} static void displayTotalBooks() { print("Total

Books in Library: $totalBooks\n");

} } void main() async

Library library = Library([

Book(title: "1984", author: "George Orwell", yearPublished: 1949),

Book(title: "To Kill a Mockingbird", author: "Harper Lee", yearPublished: 1960),

EBook(title: "Flutter for Beginners", author: "John Doe", yearPublished: 2020, fileSize:
1.5),

]);

Member user = Member(); user.displayUserType();

while (true) { print("\nLibrary Management System\n---------

----------------"); print("1. Add a new book\n2. Borrow a book\n3. Return a book\n4.

List all books\n5. Display total books\n6. Exit\n"); stdout.write("Enter your choice:
");

String? choice = stdin.readLineSync();

switch (choice) { case

"1":

stdout.write("Enter title: ");

String title =

stdin.readLineSync()!;

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stdout.write("Enter author:

"); String author =

stdin.readLineSync()!;

stdout.write("Enter year

published: "); int year =

int.parse(stdin.readLineSyn

c()!);

library.addBook(Book(title:

title, author: author,

yearPublished: year));

break;

case "2":

stdout.write("Enter the title of the book to borrow: ");

String title = stdin.readLineSync()!;

library.borrowBook(title); break;

case "3":

stdout.write("Enter the title of the book to return: ");

String title = stdin.readLineSync()!;

library.returnBook(title); break;

case "4": await

library.listBooks(); break;

case "5":

Library.displayTotalBooks(); break;

case "6": print("Exiting the system. Goodbye!");

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return;

default:

print("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n");

Output:

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Latest Applications:
• School or College Libraries
• Community Libraries
• Mobile eBook Readers

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Learning Outcomes:
• Object-Oriented Programming
• Programming Fundamentals
• Concurrency and Asynchronous Programming

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