WebDev.(Theory)
WebDev.(Theory)
3. Replacing Substrings
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1.Username:
It must contain alphanumeric characters and have a specific length (e.g., 4-15
characters).
Example: /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{4,15}$/
2.Password:
3.Email:
4:Phone Number:
It Must be numeric and match a specific pattern, such as 10 digits for US numbers
or with a country code.
Example: /^\+?[0-9]{10,15}$/
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Q3: Explain the concept of Hoisting in Javascript. What are the effects of
hoisting on variable and function declarations.
Sol: Hoisting is the default behavior in JavaScript where variable and function
declarations are moved to the top of their respective scopes during the compilation
phase. This guarantees that regardless of where these declarations appear within a
scope, they can be accessed throughout that scope.
Following are the effects:
1.var Variables:
Effect: Hoisted to the top of their scope (global or function) and initialized with
undefined.
Behavior: Accessible before the line of declaration but holds undefined.
Assignments happen at the original line in code.
2.let and const Variables:
Effect: Hoisted but remain in the Temporal Dead Zone (TDZ) until their
initialization.
Behavior: Accessing them before declaration results in a ReferenceError.
3.Function Declarations:
Effect: Hoisted entirely, including the function body.
Behavior: Can be called before the line of declaration.
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2.Object Destructuring:
It allows you to unpack properties from objects into individual variables.
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Q6: Explain the Text alignment and Spacing properties in CSS including
text-align, line-height, letter-spacing and word spacing.
Sol: The text-align property is used to set the horizontal alignment of text within a
block-level element. It controls how text is positioned relative to its containing
element.
Values:
left: Aligns the text to the left.
right: Aligns the text to the right.
center: Centers the text.
justify: Stretches the text to fit the container, adjusting spaces between words.
• text-align: Controls horizontal text alignment.
• line-height: Adjusts vertical space between lines.
• letter-spacing: Modifies the space between individual letters.
• word-spacing: Alters the space between words.
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Q7: Define Ajax, What are the different features of Ajax, Write a very
basic code to demonstrate Ajax.
Sol: Ajax is an acronym for Asynchronous Javascript and XML. It is used to
communicate with the server without refreshing the web page and thus increasing
the user experience and better performance.
Important Features of Ajax:
• User Frendly
• It make web page faster.
• Independent of server technology.
• Increase the Performance of web page.
• Support for Live data binding
• Support for the Data View control
• Support for Client-side template rendering
• Rich and, responsive user interfaces
• Reduced consumption of server resources
• No need to pushing on a submit button and reloading the complete website.
• No need to reload the whole page only some part of page is reloaded which
is required to reload.
• Apart from obtaining the XMLHTTP object, all processing is same for all
browser types, because JavaScript is used.
• Using ajax develop faster and more interactive web applications.
• Not require to completely reload page due to this server use less bandwidth.
In this example, we fetch a list of posts from the JSONPlaceholder API, an online
REST API for testing and prototyping. The onreadystatechange event handler
checks if the request is completed (readyState === 4) and successful (status ===
200), and then logs the response text to the console.
Note: "XML" is part of Ajax, but modern usage often prefers JSON over XML.
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Initiating a Request:
The client (usually a web browser) sends an HTTP request to the server. This can
be triggered by user actions such as button clicks, form submissions, or page load
events. The request is made asynchronously, meaning it doesn’t block the page's
execution or interfere with user interactions.
Server Response:
Once the server finishes processing the request, it sends the response (often in
JSON or XML format) back to the client. The response can include data, success
messages, or errors.
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Q9: What is JSON? What are the different features of JSON? Also write
a very basic program to demostrate JSON.
Sol: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight, text-based data
interchange format that is easy to read and write for humans and easy to parse and
generate for machines. It is primarily used for exchanging data between a server
and a web application or between systems.
JSON represents data in a structured format using key-value pairs and supports
hierarchical structures, making it ideal for representing complex data.
Features of JSON:
Lightweight:
JSON is a minimalistic and compact data format, making it ideal for data
transmission over networks.
Text-Based Format:
Since JSON is text-based, it is platform-independent, allowing it to be used across
different programming languages and systems.
Language Independent:
Although it is based on JavaScript syntax, JSON is language-agnostic and can be
used in many programming languages such as Python, Java, PHP, and others.
1. Flexible schema: JSON allows for dynamic, flexible schema design, which is
particularly useful for handling semi-structured or unstructured data. In contrast,
RDBMS require a predefined schema, which can be inflexible and rigid.
2. Easy data exchange: JSON is a widely adopted format for data exchange
between web servers, web applications, and mobile apps. Its human-readable
format makes it easy to understand and work with.
3. High performance: JSON databases, such as MongoDB, Couchbase, and
RavenDB, are designed for high performance and scalability. They can handle
large amounts of data and scale horizontally to meet growing demands.
4. Schema-less data storage: JSON databases store data in a schema-less format,
which means you don't need to define the schema before storing data. This makes
it ideal for handling large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data.
In conclusion, while JSON is gaining popularity and changing the way we store
and manage data, it's unlikely to completely replace conventional RDBMS in the
near future. Instead, JSON will continue to be used alongside RDBMS, each
serving different use cases and requirements. However, JSON won't completely
replace RDBMS, rather it will complement and serve in different use cases.
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