What is Database?
A database is an organized collection of data stored in a computer system and usually controlled by a
database management system (DBMS).
MySQL vs NoSQL:
Feature MySQL NoSQL
Data Model Relational Various (Document, Key-Value, Columnar)
Schema Schema-based Schema-less
Query Language SQL Varies by type (e.g., MongoDB uses JSON)
Limited horizontal
Scalability Horizontally scalable
scalability
ACID Supports ACID
Varies by implementation
Transactions transactions
Flexibility Less flexible schema More flexible schema
Optimized for structured
Performance Performance varies by implementation
data
Typically simpler to
Complexity Can be more complex to manage
manage
Consistency Strong consistency model Eventual or eventual-plus consistency
Suitable for structured Suitable for unstructured or semi-structured
Use Cases
data data
Examples MySQL, PostgreSQL MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis
MySQL vs Oracle:
Feature MySQL Oracle
Open-source, with enterprise
Licensing Commercial, with enterprise options
edition
Feature MySQL Oracle
Cost Lower cost for most use cases Higher cost, especially for enterprise use
High performance, especially for large
Performance Generally high performance
databases
Platform Cross-platform (Linux, Cross-platform (Linux, Windows, macOS,
Support Windows, macOS) more)
Limited scalability compared
Scalability Highly scalable, especially with RAC
to Oracle
Rich feature set, but fewer
Feature Set Extensive enterprise features
enterprise features
Community Strong open-source
Strong enterprise support
Support community
Can be more complex, especially for
Ease of Use Generally easy to use
large deployments
Strong security features, often required in
Security Good security features
enterprise environments
Examples MySQL, MariaDB Oracle Database, Oracle Exadata
RDBMS vs DRDBMS vs DBMS:
Feature RDBMS DRDBMS DBMS
Distributed Relational
Relational Database Database Management
Definition Database Management
Management System System (generic term)
System
Centralized or
Architecture Centralized Distributed
distributed
Does not inherently Supports replication across Does not inherently
Replication
support replication distributed nodes support replication
Varies based on
Scalability Limited scalability High scalability
implementation
Feature RDBMS DRDBMS DBMS
Eventual or eventual-plus
Strong consistency Varies based on
Consistency consistency across
model implementation
distributed nodes
MySQL, Google Cloud Spanner, Microsoft Access,
Examples
PostgreSQL, Oracle CockroachDB SQLite, MongoDB
DBMS vs RDBMS:
Feature DBMS RDBMS
Various (Hierarchical, Network,
Data Model Relational
Relational)
Schema Schema-based Schema-based
ACID
Not necessarily ACID-compliant ACID-compliant
Transactions
Normalization Not strictly normalized Encourages normalization
Joins Limited support for joins Strong support for joins
MySQL, PostgreSQL,
Examples SQLite, Microsoft Access
Oracle
DDL vs DML:
Feature DDL DML
Full Form Data Definition Language Data Manipulation Language
Used to define and modify structure of Used to query, insert, update,
Purpose
database objects (e.g., tables) and delete data
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
Examples CREATE, ALTER, DROP
DELETE
Impact Affects structure of database Affects data within the database
Transactionality Generally part of transaction Generally part of transaction
Feature DDL DML
SELECT, INSERT INTO,
Examples CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE
UPDATE, DELETE FROM
