<br>

GBGS SCHEME
BCV402
USN

Fourth Semester B.E/B.Tech Degrec SupplemenfaryExamination,

June/July 2024
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics
Time: 3 hrs. Mx, Marks: 100
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE fullquestion from each moduie.
2. M: Marks, L: Bloom's level ,
Course outcomes.

Module-1
M
L C
Q.1a. Define the following and write their SIunits. 6 L1 CO1
i) Density
i) Specific weight
iii) Surface Tension
iv) Capillarity.
b. Derive an expression for capillary rise/fall
diameter with skétches. of fluid in a tube of small 6 L2 CO2
Determine the minimum size of glass tube
water level,iftheè capillary rise in that can be used to measure L2 CO1
the tube is not to exceed 0.25mm. Take
surface tension of water in contact with Air as 0.0735N/m.

a. State and prove Pascal's law. OR

Q.2
6 L1 C01
b.Defne the following and mention their SI units. 6 L2 CO2
i) Total pressure
i) Centre of pressure.
Determine the total pressure and centre
of pressure onan isosceles
triangular plate of bas 4m and altitude Am When 8 L3 CO2
it is immersed vertically
in an oil of specific gravity 0.9. The base plate
of coincides with the free
surface of oil.

Module -2
0.3 a. Differentiate between:
i) Uniform and non uniform flow L2 CO2
i)Steady and unsteady flow.
b. Derive continuity equation for a
three dimensional flow in Cartesian
co-ordinates. L2 CO2
C. The stream (fünction for a two dimensional
flow is given by = 2xy,
calculate the Velocity at the pôint P(2, 3). 6 L3 CO2
. Find the velocity potential
function

a. OR
Q.4 Obtain an expression, for Euler's
equation of motion along a stream
deduce it to Bernoulli's equation. line and 10
L2 CO2
b. An oil of
specific gravity 0.8 is flowing a
diameter 20cm and throat diameter through venturimeter having inlet 10 L3
manometef shows a reading 25cm.
10cm. The oil mercury
differential CO2
the horiontal venturimeter. of Calculate the discharge of oil through
Take C = 0.98.

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BCV402
Module-3
Fxplain the classification of Notches and mouthnieces
Q.5 a. L2 CO3
Define hydraulic co-efficient (Ce, Ca,
C) of an orifice ànd obain the 6 L2 CO3
relation between them.
Hater flows over a
rectangular Notch
1vords passes through a triangular lm
wide at,a depth of i50mm and
C.
er right angled nótch. Tking ca forthe L3 CO3
rectangular and triangular notch as 0.62
and 0.59 respectively. Find the
depth over the triangular notch.

OR
Explain major and minor losses
Q.6 ima pipe flow. Derive an expression for 10
head loss due to sudden exXpansion in þipe line. L2 CO2
Eindthe loss of head when a pipè of
to a diameter diameter 200mm is suddehly enlarged
of 400mm. The fate of flow of water through 10 L3 CO3
the pipe is
250 lit/sec.

Module-4
Defne the most economical channel
Q.7 a section. Derive an expression
economical rectangular section. for most 10 L1 CO4
b A rectangular channel carries water at
slope is 1 in 2000. Find the most therate of 400 lits/sec when bed 10
economical dimensions of the channel L2 CO4
C=50. if

OR
Q.8 a. Define specific energy. Draw,and explain
specific energy urve.
b. Define : 6 L3 CO4
i) Gradually Varied Flow 6 L3
(GÝF) CO4
ii) Rapidly Varied Flow(RVF).

Find the specificenergy

of flowing wáter through a rectangular channel of
width Sm. When the discharge is 10m'sec and depth 8 L2 C04
of water is 3m.
Q.9 a. Define împlse Module-5
momentum equation and give
examples. its applications with some 10 L2 CO4
b. Define turbine. Give its lassifications. Also
explain heads and efficiencies
of Pelton turbine. 10 L2 CO4

OR
Q.10a. Draw a neat of Kaplan turbine
b A Pelton wheel is to be
and expláin its different parts.
designed for following specifications : 10 L3 CO4
Shaft power 11,773KW, Head = 380mts 10 L3 CO4
efficiency = 86% jet diameter not to speed 750rpm. Overall
Determine : exceed 1/6" of wheel diameter.
1) The wheel diameter
i) Number of jets equired
ii1) Diameter
ofjet take K., =0.985
and Ku, =0.45.

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GBCS SCHIEME
BCV402
USNV
Fourth SemesterB.E./B.Tech.Degree Examiation, June/July 2024
Fluid Mechanics and Hydaulics
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100
Note: Answer any, FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
1.
2. M:Marks L: Bloom's level, C: Course outcomes.

Module1 M L C
a. Define the following terms along withsymbols and units: 6 L1 CO1
.1
(i) Compressibility
(ii) Capillarity
(ii) Surface tension
b. State and prove Pascal's law. 6 L2 CO1
C. tube differential manometer connects two pipes and B. Pipe A contains
A A
L2 CO1
carbon tetra chloride havig specific gravity 594under a pressure of
117.72 kNm² and pipeBontains oil of specific gravity 0.8 under a pressure of
117.72 kN/m“. The pipe A lies 2.5 m above piße B. Find the difference in
pressure measured bý mercury as fluid filling U-tube. Assume mercury in the
right limb is50, c
below centre ofpipe BS
OR
: 6 L2 CO1
Q.2 a. Differentiate between
(i)\Pressure intensity and Pressure head
Simple and differentiálmaometers.
Absolute and Gauge presure.
pressure and centre ofpressure on a planesurface 6 L2 CO1
Derive an expression for total
b.
immersed vertically in water. water with an L3 CO1
1200 mm x 1800 mm size rectangular plate is immersed in
C. A mm side of the pláte is kept
inclination of 30° to the horizontal. The 1200
water surface. Compùte the total
horizontal at a depth of 30 m below the
pressure on thesurfae and the positio of cêntre of pressure.
Module 2
:
L2 CO2
Q3 Differentiate between
(i) Laminar and turbulent flow
(i1) >Uniform and non uniform flow
(ii) Steady and Unsteady flow threedimensional flow in Cartesian 6 L2 CO2
equation for a
b. Derive continuity
co-ordinates. Calculate the L3 CO2
velocity potentia function is given by =5lx?-y').
CThe
velocity componentsat the points (4,5)
OR L2 CO2
made in deriving Bernoulli's equation.
a. List the assumptions L2 CO2
Q.4 discharge through Venturimeter.
b Derive the euation for the Ips. The diameter L3 CO2
= 0.84 flow through a pipe with rate of 450
a
Crude oil of G are respectively 25 cm and
C.
pressure in the pipe at one section direction of flow
of pipe and two áre 50 cm and 320 kPa. Find the
55 kPa and. at section
loss. Pipe is horizontal.
through the pipe and head
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BCV402

Module-3
co-efficients
Defne Orifice and Mouth piece. Also derive the hydraulic 6 L2 CO3
0.5 a. experimentally.
overa triangular nótch>
bDerive an expression for discharge
wide has a discharge 250.lps, which
L2 C03
is measured by
m

rectangular channel2
A L3 C03
C.
V-notch weir. Find the position ofthè apex of the notch fromn the
a right angled
hod of the channel of maximum depth of water is not to exceed 1.3 m. Take

Ca=0.62.
OR
a
Define (i):
Major and Minor losses in pipe flow. 6 L2 CO3
Q.6
(i) Pipes in series and parallel,
(ii) Water hammer in pipe flow
b. Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for
head loss due to friction in àbipe. 6 L2 C03
a colony of 4000 residets at a rate of
Water is required to be supplied to L3 CO3
180 litres per person from
a soürce 3
km away. If half the daily requirement
find the size of the
needs to be pumped in 8hóurs against friction of48în,
a

main pipe supplying water. Assume

friction factor as0.028.
Module-4
most economical trapezoidal L2 C04
Define most economical channel section. For- the
6
0.7 side slope length.
section show that half of top width is equal to the
derive expressions for critical depth 6 L2 C04
b. What is speific energy curve? Draw and
and criticál velocity.
rectangular channel of width 8 m is 15 m'/s. C04
a 8 L3
c. The discharge of water through
When the depth of flow of water is 12,m. Calculate
() Specific energy of flowing water.
(ii) Critical depth and critical velocity.
energy.
(ii) Value of minimúm specific
OR
varied flow? Derive the dynamic equation for, gradually
6 L2 C04
Q.8 What is gradually
varied flow. C04
case of hydraúlic jump in a 6 L2
b. Derive an expresion for conjugate depthsin
rectangular channellaid horizontal. a L3 C04
A sluice gate, discharges water into a horizontal rectangular channel withm.
C
m. The width of the channel is 8
velocity of 6 m/s and depth of flow is 0.4
occur, and ifso, find its height and
Determine whether a hydraulic jump will
water. Also determine the power lost in the hydraulic
loss ófenergy per kg of
ump.
Module -56
at the centre a moving 6 L3 CO5
Q.9 a.Obtain an expression for force exerted byájet striking efficiency isoflimited to
Symmetrical curved vane. And show that its maximum
16
27
6 L2 CO5
b. Give theclssifiation of turbines based on different criteria. L3 | C05
on a series 0
CA Jet of water having velocity 45 m/s impinges without shock
vanes being 20 to
Curved vanes moving at 15 m/s. the direction of motion of
Lnat of jet. The relative. velocity at the outlet is 0.9 of that
at inlet and the
vanes.
absolute velocity of water at the exit to be normal to the motion of
Find
Vane ángles at entrance and exit.
(ü) Hydrauli efficiency.

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BCV402
BCV402 0.3 n and 05 m at the
The water is tkowing thnnugh pipc hns ing dametes
a
b| upper and bottom ends, resjeetively, The at
the upper and
er intensyhe taleof Mowthrough
boltom cns are 10 ine theditTerence in datum heod
m
at the cnlarged end and 0.03 m diameter
imeter has a diameter of0. 16
amination
RAVLICS
Maz Marks:
cach MODULE
100 ot
the thnnt. It is fitted in horizvntal picline dinmcter
an oil of specific gavity
a of 0. l6 m which carries

0NS. If the coeficient of ischarge of

the
07
BCV402
NE qcstion fivm venturimeter is 0.98 ond the diMeence of' pressure hend betveen
the enlarged
a
end and the thrvat rcorded by W4uhe is 18
.m of Hg, then detemine the
Bloum's merury as 13.6.
TazonvmyMarks discharge thrugh the ripe. Take specifiv gravily of
Level OR
0.04n Dny Eukt's caudian atmat
CO5
L2 CO4
LZ

6
6 L3
OR
explain the Francis turbine.
ofneat sketch, following =
a. By means
to be designed for the tratio
Q.10 wheel turbine has = 550
pm, Jet 10
b. A Pelton =
300 m, Speed
kW, Net head
Data: Power 6000 L1 CO5
=

= 0.98, Speed ratio ofjets

required. 0.46
= 85%, Cy ,andnumber
Overall efficiencyrunner
of and jet, discharge
pumps. Also define
Determine diameter centrifugal
efficiencies of
Explain various
C. Manometric head
()
(1) Static head
(ii) Suction head
Delivery head
VTU-23-08-202***
(iv)
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Model Question Paper BCV402

USN

Fourth Semester B.E. Degrèe Esanmination

FLUID MECIIANICS AND IIYDRAULICS
TIME: 03 Hours
Mas. Marks:
Ansver any FIVE Nillquestions, choosing ut least ONE question from each MODULE 100
Note: 0.
02. AppiDprnately ssume anv missing datu
Bloom's
Module -) Taxonomy Marks
Level
a Distinguish betwcen
Q.01
Ideal and ial Muids
(i)
Newtoninn and non-Newtonian fluids
(ii) L2 06
(i) Allhesion and cohesion

bA circular platc of diamcter 4 m with a conccntric circular holc of diamctcr 2.5

m is subneyed in waler in such a way thal its plune nakes n
ugle o' 30° vith
m
the frce srfacc of water. The top edge of the plate is 2 below the frcc surface. L3 08
Detcrminc the tutal pressure force on thc plate and the position of the centre of

pressurc.
A differential W-ube mercurr manometer is used to nieasure the pressure

diferene between points A and B in a pipeline cunveying waler. The point A

on two
is 0.5 m lower than point B. The diflerence in level of unometrie fluicd 06
limbs is 0.8 m. Calculate the pressure diflerence between point und Tuke
A B.

Densities of mercurv & water as 136(0 kp/n and 1(000 kg/m?.

oR D

un cxpression for the capillury rise of a liquid in tube of' diumeter L2

0.02a Derive
a inside a fixl
BA Cvlindricul shaft ofI0 cm diumeter rolates about vertical usis
space
cylindrical tube of length G0 cni 103 cm inteimal lnneter. The
nd
is tilled by a Jubricant of viscosity 2.0 poisc. L3 06
between the tube and the shan
overcome the viscous resistance whcn the shaf
Dctemine the pOwer requincd to
is rolated at a specd uf 200 rpm
Air is
in a closed tank up tu certain height.
a
Oil of' specific gravity 0.8 is stured
above vil. While oe end of
a U-tube
eitrappcd at the tup portion of the tank open to thu
to the tank, the other cnd is
mercuiy' manomeler is connccted
Determine the air pressure in the tank.
atmosphere as shoivn in Figure Q2c.
mereuy und water as I33.28 kN/mand 9.80 kN/n
Assume spucific weights of
pressure us 101 kl'u.
respectively. Take atmospheric uir
Au
L3

Figure: QW2e

Mudule-2

Q.03 Distinguisi belvccn L2

Sleuly Ilun and Unstealy luw
Non-unilon ilow
(u) Unifomm low und
tluw
(11) Rutuliunul Ilow and Irrotutionul 03
llow Page 01 of
(iv) Laninar llow and Turbulent
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BCV402
).3 0.5 m at the
ni ancd
water is flowing through pipc having liamctcrs
a
bThe pressurés at thc upper and
o' 05
upper and bottom cnds, respcctively. The intensity rate of' flow through
300 KPa, respcctively. If the
bottom cnds are l00 KPa and in datum head.
per seconcd, then determine the diterence
the pipeis S) litres 0. 16 m at the enlorged end and 0.03 m diameter
A venturinneter has diameter of
a
carries
at the throat. It is fittcd in horizontal
a pipcline of dinmeter 0. I6m which
discharge of the
0.8$. 1f he coefficient of 3 07
an oil of specific gravity the enlarged
of pressure head betiveen
tenturimctr is 0.98 und the liflerence m of Hg, then determine the
by a U-tube is 0.18
cnd and the throat recorded mercury us 13.6.
of

pipe. Take spccific gruvity

dischargc through the
OR
Bemoulli's euation from it. L2 06
Euler's vquation ofmotion and obtain
O.04/nDeive contracts fronn 45 em diameter at A 30
to
flows thuwugh a pipeline vhich
bFluid as
into two pipes C and D shovn
in Figure
cm dismeter at B and then branches of the pipe D is 20
cm.
C is l5 cm and diameter
QU4b. The diameter of the pipe [Dctermine vclocity atB
in/s and that at ) be 3.6 m/s.
the velocity at A be l.8
If

ind discharge al C ud D C

L3 08

Figure: QU4b = 3xy.

twu«limensional low field is givcn by o
a
The velocity potential for also the discharge L3 06
Calceulate the coponents of
velocity (1,3) and (3,3). Find
through these points.
between streamlines pussing
Module-3
over a triangular notch in terms of head of
Obtain an expression for discharge over a L2 05
Q.05(3 advantages of a triangular notch
water over its crest. Also mention the
rectangular notch. cusc a
rigid pipc duc to suddcn
in pressre in
of

Derive an expression for increase

b
clusure of valve. 2500 m with a
through a pipe of diameter 3(0 cm and length
Water is îlowing the valve is
provided at the end of the pipc. If
velocity of 2.0 m/s. A valve is velocity uf pressure
in pressure. Take the
closcd iu 30 secods, find the risc
wave as l800 m/s. then oVer a
u triungular right-angled weir first und
The waler flows through triangular
coeficients of discharge of the
rtangular veir of I m width. If the respectively aund the depth of the L3
ure 0.60 und 0.62,
and rectangulur weirs ovr he rectungulur
triungulur weir is 3U cm, then detenninc the depth of vuler

weir.
encrgy losscs in pipes. Using Bornoulli's equation,
Deline major and minor L2 06
Q.06 to suddon expansion of pip.
obtain an expression for loss of head duo
water issuing liol an orilice 25
n
diancter nder a Istant licxl of
bAjet of m
L5 n lalls 0.92 m veticully belure
it slrikes
he givund ut 2.3 musurd
dischurge was loud to be (02 ltres L3 08
horvontully lium lhe senu-cunti acta l'he
contractivn ol' thc
per minute Deleninc cocllicicnts of' velcily, dsclhurge, and
uritice

Page 02 of 03
inclned plane Surace
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Page 01 of 0

BCV40
The diamcter of horizontal pipesuddenly redices lrom 0.5 n 0.25
a to m due to
wuter jis 0 4
which pessure changes fihom 135 kPa to T10 kPu. Ir the flow rate of L2
m'/s, then find the vocftivient of' vontraetion.
Module4
Q.073 Differntiate betwcen:
() Steadv and tnsteady low
L2 06
(i) Unitorm and non-unifom flow
INuw
(ii) Subritical and sujxrrilical
What is meant by most vconontical section of channel? Detive the condition for
L3 07
most cconomical seclion of' a relangular ehannel
Aninigation canal of trapezoidal section having sile slope vqual to G0° with the
horizontal and laid on a slope of I in 2500 carries a dischurge of 14 m'/s.
L3 07
Detcmincthe width at thc basc and dcpth of flow for most cconomical croSs
section. Take Manning's constunt us 0.02.
OR
Q. a Explain aspccific cnergy cuve and derive cxpressions for critical depth and
critical vclocity for rcclangular channcl L2 06
08

bDerive an expression for loss of energy head in terms of conjugate depths in a L2 06

hydraulic jump
Water is fuwing through a roctangular channel u'3 m width at a rate of l0 ms.
if the depth o flew is (0.8 n, delernine whether a hydraulic jump will oNcur,
L3 U8
und il' so, find iis Iieiglht. Also Iind the loss ol' cnrgy and the power lost in he
hydraulie jump.
Module-5
0.09 a With hclp of ncat skctch csplain vclocity rianglc LI 04
b|^ 50mm diameter wuter jet huving u velocily
of
20 m/s impinges on a curved
vane which is muving in the sume dircction as that of the jet with a velocity of
5m/s. The jet leaves the vsne st an angle of' 150° with the
direction of motion
of vane. Neglccting friction find the following LJ
(i) the lore cxertcd by the jct in the direction of motion of the vane
(i) he power developed by the jet
(u1) the ellicienvy of the vonc.
c oblain an cxprCsSIon lor the work done per unit timu by watvT on the runner ot
a Pelton whecl Alsuwhtain
n
cxpessiu for the nasimum ctlicivncy of'the L3 08
Peltun wheel.
OR
Q.10a Slow hat jel of waler striking ul the venter of tho somicircular vane, the:
masimum elliicncy is coespaning tw ju vulcity of thyuc tines the vans L2 07
velocity and resulting cllicicncy.
nmax=0393
b pExplain the conponcnts and working mchunisn of u Frunçis turbinc. L2 07
A centrifugal pump delivers (0.3 against a hcad of 30 m at 1400 rpm. The
n/s
Cxternal diameter ol impeller is 0.5 ) uxt
he outlet width is 0.03 m. l| he L3
nanomelric elTiciccy is 80%, lindl the vanc angle al outlct