Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV (A) – CALABARZON
City Schools Division Office of Antipolo

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
Introduction:
Subject Description: This course focuses on the application of ideas and methods of the social sciences to understand, investigate, and examine
challenges of contemporary community life. It focuses on community-action initiatives such as community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship
as guided by the core values of human rights, social justice, empowerment and advocacy, gender equality, and participatory development. It aims
at enhancing students’ sense of shared identity and willingness to contribute to the pursuit of the common good of the community. It enables
students to integrate applied social sciences into community-action initiatives.

WEEK 1 MELC’s:
Explain the Importance of studying community dynamics and community action in relation to applied social
Sciences and the learners’ future career options

Learning Objectives:
1. Explain the importance of learning about community and community dynamics and processes.

What I need to know: Lesson 1: Learning about communities

What I know?
PRETEST: LET’S TRY
Try how much you know about community. Read carefully each item and answer true if you think the statement is
correct or false if it is incorrect.
1. The word Community is derived from the latin word “communitas” which means “fellowship.”
2. Learning about communities is a key to appreciate our daily interactions with others.
3. Understanding the dynamics within our community aids us to respond the collective community challenges.
4. Disciplines in various social sciences are devoted to deepen our understanding of our social life.
5. Anthropology has nothing to do with the studies of community.

What’s in? LET’S GET GOING: Start-up activity

Examine the following pictures and try to relate them to your community.

Photo credits to: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net http://www.cgstock.com/philippines/manila/4611 https://bgcfortcondos.com/gentry-manor/

The images above show different realities in various communities. Every community presents multifaceted and very
complicated social realities but each community is unique. What are the reasons behind the differences in social life?

What’s new? DEFINITION OF TERMS:

1. Community- A dynamic social grouping whose members settle in a specific geographical space, submit to a common
political institution, engage in socio-economic activities and share common cultural views.
2. Community Dynamics – consist of the structures that function and interact with each other creating a process that
bring changes to the community as manifested in the ways of life of the people. The interactions may also cause changes
in the structures themselves.

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship1

3. Community Action – includes various activities aimed at empowering people towards becoming active contributors to
the community building process. Community actions may come in different modalities.

Learning about communities is key in appreciating our daily interactions with others, as we locate our self in a
wed of social connections. Being enmeshed in these connections constantly help us realize that we are part of a larger
group. We associate with social groups for many different reasons. Knowing the range of reasons why people come
together, why they form relationships and bonds, and how these operate in the broader social settings makes us further
appreciate the value of the meaningful actions and contributions that we impart to our community. Moreover,
understanding the dynamics within our community aids us in responding to the collective challenges we face.
Addressing these challenges through community initiatives and interventions requires a familiarity of the community—
people, history, and issues.
Different disciplines in the social science are devoted to deepen our understanding of communities, community
life, and community actions. The social sciences---anthropology, social psychology, sociology, political science, public
administration, human geography, linguistics, and development studies—contribute in developing a rich and robust
literature on community studies. It is filled with an array of approaches, conceptualizations, theories, and problem-
solving methods that help people learn, understand, and improve community life.
Sociology for instance, generally looks into group formations, relationships, dynamics and interaction within a
social structure, and social actions. Perspectives and approaches in sociology draw attention to host of analytical tools
and methods which may help community members respond to the issues and problem they encounter in the broader
context of their institutional, social, and cultural environments.
Political science, on the other hand, focuses on power relations, authority, leadership, and decision making. The
study of politics incorporates approaches that allow the examination of the interplay of power between and among
different actors within and outside of communities. Political science aids in understanding, for instance, the factors that
affect how local government units or LGUs interact with individual members and groups in a community. Political
science also lends insight on how individuals and groups create, shape, or change rules. Political science draws attention
to issues and problems related to public affairs, consensus building, and the dimension of power vis-à-vis the allocation
and distribution of resources and values.
In a different but related light, Anthropology helps examine the emergent complexities from the history and
culture of individuals and communities. Anthropology is concerned, for example with how community knowledge and
practices contribute in addressing issues and solving community problems.
Careers related to the community studies have emerge from the field and focus area of the various social
science disciplines. The careers are mostly inter-or multi-disciplinary in orientation, thematically converging in the
examination of and advocacy for communities. Examples of these are community work and social welfare, policy and
advocacy research, and community program management.

What is it?
Activity 1: Make an Illustration map that describe your local community. Include in your map photo and images that
represents the people in your community. Draw arrow, lines, and symbols to show the relationship between the people
in your community.

Activity 2: Processing Questions:

1. What does the activity say about your idea of a community?
2. Based on the activity, who makes up your community?
3. Do you see yourself as a part of this community? How do you say so?

Engagement: What’s more?

Applied Social Sciences – are disciplines or occupations that utilize perspectives and theories developed by experts in
various fields of social sciences for application to different situations in the daily lives of an individual or a community.
Considered under this category are professions in social work, counseling, journalism, economics, political
science and psychology.

Illustration 3: Social Health Workers

conducting Aggressive Community Testing
(ACT) Free RT - PCR TEST (swab test) in
province of Rizal.
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship2
 http://www.rizalprovince.ph/news/monitor-nov282020.html

Activity 3: List down at least 5 career or job opportunities under applied social science that can be used to deep our
knowledge on social issues, concerns and problems.

Assimilation: What I have learned?

REFLECTION:
I learned that ______________________________________________________________
I realize that _______________________________________________________________

Assessment: Read and answer the following statement. Choose your answer from the word pool
Community Social sciences Political science Sociology people, history, and issues
1. It is derived from the latin word “communitas” which means “fellowship.”
2. Learning about community dynamic may help us to familiarize ___.
3. Social discipline that examine power relations, authority, leadership and decision-making in a community.
4. Disciplines that is devoted to deepen our understanding of our community.
5. Studies that observe group formations, relationships, interactions within social structure and social actions.

Answer Key
Pretest Post Test
1. True 1. Community
2. True 2. people, history, issue
3. True 3. Political Science
4. True 4. Applied Social
Sciences
5. False 5. Sociology

References:

Books:
Jalton G. Taguibao, Francis Ron C. De Guzman 2016.
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship: Vibal Group Inc.
Deped-Pasig ADM Module

Photos and Illustrations:

https://ocsi.uk/2017/09/18/community-dynamics-what-does-it-mean-and-why-does-it-matter/
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/594517/maundy-thursday-trekkers-to-antipolo-warned-against-alay-kalat-2

Prepared by:
LIWAYWAY DAWN C. DE REAL
MT II- Social Studies

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship3

WEEK 2 MELC’s:
Define community using various perspectives, e.g., social sciences, institutions, civil society, and local/grassroots levels
Learning Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast the definition of community using the social science, institutional, civil society, and organic perspectives.

What I need to know:

Lesson 2: Defining Community

What I know?
PRETEST: Tell whether the statement is True or False. Write your answer on your paper.
1. A Community is always formal organization or social entity, characterized by a sense of identity.
2. A community is a group of people living in the same defined area, sharing common basic values, organization, and interest.
3. A community is a population which is geographically focused existing as unique social entity with a collective identity and purpose.
4. A community is a group of people whose connections and relations are formed by their shared histories, experiences,
geographies, and identities. They are brought by commonly held interest, aspirations, perspectives and values.
5. A community is form through Interrelationships and organizations that connects individuals.

Development:
What’s in? Start-up activity
Examine which community perspective does the following words or phrases belongs to. Write your answer on circle provided.

 Grassroots groups
 Social movements INSTITUTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
 Non-government organization or NGOs
People’s Organization or POs
 Neighborhood organization Defining
ORGANIC
SOCIAL SCIENCE Community in
 Formal and Informal PERSPECTIVE Various PERPECTIVE
Perspectives
 Social Institutions
 Gathered ideas from anthropology and sociology
 Premised on social dimension of individual life CIVIL SOCIETY
PERSPECTIVE

What’s new?
How do communities emerge? What makes an individual a member of a community? Before we answer these questions, it is necessary
that we discuss the concept of community.
The word community, considered as a Late Middle English term, is derived from the Latin word communitas which means “fellowship.”
Its Latin word communis, means “common.” Com translates to “with” or “together” whereas munire translates to “to strengthen,” “to fortify.” or
“to defend.”
There are various perspectives of community. Each perspective emphasizes a particular approach and treatment in the study of
communities.

A. SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

A social science perspective toward understanding communities is premised on the social dimension of individual life-the interactions,
relationships, and bonds formed by individual with other individuals and how these are manifested in the formation of organization within the
communities. Learning about communities using this perspective essentially incorporates ideas and concepts gathered from fields of anthropology,
social psychology, sociology, political science and other social sciences. Various social sciences disciplines offer varied insights and lesson in
understanding the meaning and relevance of community.

B. INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Communities have mechanism for coordinating values, goals, and actions of its individual members. Social Institutions perform this
function. Social Institutions arise from voluntary shared agreement among individuals that generally also shape their behavior as a collective.
Institutions are established rules that ensure the regular and predictable behavior of actors within a community. Nobel laureate Douglass North
describes institutions as the “rule of the games” that shape a community and society in general. Geoffrey Hodgson qualifies this by suggesting that
institutions both constrain and enable behavior. He contends that:
The existence of rules implies constraints. However, such a constraint can open up possibilities: it may enable choice and actions that otherwise would not exist.
For example: the rules of language allow us to communicate; traffic rules help traffic to flow more easily and safely; the rule of law can increase personal safety.
Regulation is not always the antithesis of freedom; it can be its ally. (Hodgson 2006.2)
Institution structure incentives and sanctions—whether political, social, or economic—to regulate human action and interaction, thus
shaping how communities and societies evolve through time.
Institutions are categorized as FORMAL and INFORMAL. Formal institutions are explicitly communicated, embodied in legally codified
documents or artifacts. These served as basis for the authority to be executed or expressed. Example are the laws and policies that are
implemented by the government agency or office. Informal institutions are practices, norms, traditions, culture, conducts and belief systems of a
community. These are not codified or written, but are embedded in communities, operating due to the interactive process of preference exchanges
and social expectations that occur therein.
It is interesting to note that communities are both recipients of institutions. Individuals in a community take part in creating and
formulating institutions. These rules, in turn, are applied to them or a subset of their community. This illustrates that despite the potential conflict
spurred from individual self-interest, communities are capable of constructing and imagining their identity as a group. Thus, communities are also
capable of framing their goals and aspirations despite the diversity of its members.
Since institutions regulate the behavior of community members, having institutions also imply that, as a collective, a community has a
notion of what is normative. This refers to the ideals standard, models, or conduct that is based on what is collectively considered as appropriate or
proper. In this context, normative pertains to set ideals, goals and objectives which pursuits are aligned with community standards.

C. CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

The term civil society conventionally refers to a political community of organized groups operating within the authoritative parameters of
the state. In political views, it refers to organizations that are private, autonomous from government, and which are pursuit of advocacies, causes,
and goals. It is an aggregate of active groups and associations, such as businesses, organized interest groups, and clubs.
Non-government Organization (NGOs) and People’s Organization (POs)are common examples of civil society organizations. They pursue
political and social development goals through variety of actions and strategies. In most cases, NGOs and POs goals and strategies complement
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship4
with those of the state. They work in partnership with the state in cooperative mode to address societal problems in the areas of environmental
protection, social welfare, promotion of human rights and civil liberties, and local development. Some examples of NGOs are the Galing Pook
Foundation Inc. World Vision Foundation Inc. The examples of POs are Rotaract Club, The Philippine Alliance for Human Rights Advocates and the
like.
Similar to the behavior and voluntary characteristic of NGOs and POs, a social movement is a form of collective behavior which springs
largely from the attitudes and aspirations of its participants. Social movements are formed when civil society organization and non –affiliated
individuals shared sentiments, views, approaches, and solutions in addressing issues and problems in society. In the Philippines, issues such as land
reform, labor rights, corruption, reproduction health rights, religious freedom, ethic and indigenous rights, and bureaucratic reform have
historically become impetuses for the formation of social movements. Social movements are distinguished from Mass Action—the former operates
based on planned strategies and tactics for pursuing a goal or objective, whereas mass action takes place when large number of people behave
similarly and spontaneously but without coordination between themselves.

D. ORGANIC PERSPECTIVE
An organic perspective of community refers to local or grassroots groups within a particular locale that are driven and organized because
of community issues and concerns. They are referred to as “grassroots” because of their local and capacity-building characteristics. It is generally
conceptualized as the formation of neighborhood organizations, rural or urban, convened to pursue local development goal or address particular
issues such as crime prevention, environmental protection, or waste management. Grassroots communities are able to strengthen their sense of
community as they work together in pursuing an identified task or goal. Important and urgent problems that require community responses and
solutions also occur due to structural factors. If one takes this view, problems, such as crime incidence, poor disaster responses, ineffective waste
management, and the like, are seen as symptoms of broader issues that affect communities. Let say lowering the incident of petty crimes may be
accomplished by organizing citizens patrol groups and installing security features in the community. But to truly address the problem, it is
important to identify the root cause of the problem. It the problem is poverty for example, then communities may respond by implementing
livelihood programs and other activities to stimulate local economy, thereby providing its people livelihood and less reason to commit crimes.
Grassroots organizations or movements are typically composed of volunteers from the local/community level. The initiatives and actions
of local volunteer are instrumental in establishing said organization. Sociologist argue that grassroots organizations are exemplar of the ability of
communities to sophisticate their associational capacities through self-organization. Historically, grassroots organization and movements have also
been a political formation.

What is it?
Activity 1: Try to come up with your own definition of the word “community” using the 15 words or phrases below.
Write your answers on the space provided.
A Community is A Community is A Community is

formal or Informal institution Social entity connected and related

group of people shared histories and experiences common interest, aspiration
shared identity A population sense identity
take community actions same geographical location collective identity
pursue local development linked by social ties organization

A community is ______________________________________________________________________.

Engagement: What’s more?

Can you consider your school to be a community? Why? Explain your answer based on what you have learned since school is
considered as educational institution.

Assimilation: What I have learned?

Wrap up: Defining and characterizing communities can be done using various perspective from social sciences, institutional, civil
society and organic perspective. Each perspective emphasized particular features, attribute, dimensions and characteristics which
allow us to analyze, understand and appraise communities.

Assessment: Identify which perspectives is being describe by the following statement.

1.Viewpoint in which deep understanding of Community dynamics and processes could be done by gathering essential knowledge
from various fields or disciplines.
2. Perspective in which community is form by neighborhood organization. It was driven by sense of identified local concerns.
3. Viewpoint in which, community establishment is brought about by Initiatives and actions in grassroots level.
4. Community is comprised of active groups and associations, such as businesses, organized interest groups, and clubs.
5. Community is being in place by having social institutions or rules that will serve as guide for normative values, goals, actions of
every member.
Answers Key INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

PRETEST ASSESSMENT Formal and informal

Social Institution
1. False 1. Social Science SOCIAL SCIENCE
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective gathered ideas from
antropology and sociiaty Defining ORGANIC PERPECTIVE
Community in
2. True 2. Organic Perspective Premised in socila
dimension of idividual life
Various
grassroots group
neigborhood
Perspectives
3. True 3. Organic Perspective organization

4. True 4. Civil Society Perspective CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

5. True 5. Institutional Perspective Social movement

Non governmental
Orgganization NGOS PO

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship5

WEEK 3 MELC’s: Analyze functions of communities in terms structures, dynamics, and processes
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the structural dimension of a community and its dynamic processes
2. Analyze functions of community in terms of structures; dynamics, and processes

Introduction: Understanding communities requires that we examine its structure and dynamics. Structural dimension
refers to the attributes and characteristics of the relations of the component parts of a community. An examination of
the dynamics of a community requires a look into the exchanges, interactions, and changes of a community across time.
Learning about its different dimension and how this interact, allows us to depart from static view of communities toward
one that will help us explain how communities change and develop. There are four structural dimensions that lend
insight in understanding the dynamics and development of a community—geographic, socio-political, economic, and
cultural.

What I need to know:

Lesson 3: Structural Dimension of a Community
Lesson 4: Community Dynamics and Processes
What I know?
PRETEST: What structural dimension of community is being describe by the following statement. Write your answers on
each number whether its Geographical, Socio-political, Economic or Cultural dimensions

1. community is shaped by physical space, locations and resources.

2. relationships of powers controls individuals and groups in the community in the process of decision-making.
3. community aspect that concerned with production and distributions, allocation of scarce resources.
4. encompasses belief, values that affects people’s way of life.
5. characterized by zones and boundaries, limit of territories and even distribution of populations.

What’s in? LET’S GET GOING: Start-up activity

Examine the following pictures of community.

https://www.google.com/search?q=kahirapan+sa+pilipinas https://www.google.com/search?q=bonifacio+global+city+before+

Every community presents multifaceted and very complicated social realities but each community is unique.
What is Community Dynamics? What are the reasons behind the differences in community life?
What are the factors that influence community dynamics?
How does community dynamic patterns of interaction influence community life?

What’s new?
Community Dynamics – consist of the structures that function and interact with each other creating a process
that bring changes to the community as manifested in the ways of life of the people. The interactions may also cause
changes in the structures themselves. As individuals, we create situations and opportunities that allow us to interact
with one another and forms social relations and groups within a community. Our relations and human connections are
shaped by the places and meaningful spaces where we exist. Individuals associate with other individual through their
commonalities in attributes, sentiments, histories, and experiences. These associations are referred to as
interrelationships. Interrelationships can be facilitated through familial, relations, affinities, or feelings of kinship and
social networks. Interconnected individuals strengthen their bonds and forms organizations. Organizations served as
initiators of community action. It is also instrumentals in operationalizing the goal, objectives, and interest of the
community. Organizations are purposefully created and structured to performed several functions and task, their
actions shape the conditions and lives of community members. Organizations help and assist community members in
various ways such as in resource pooling and management, representation and other activities that are meant to uplift
the conditions of communities by giving them a “voice” in decision making processes, or through social development
welfare projects.

What is it?
Structural Dimension of a Community
There are four structural dimensions that lend insight in understanding the dynamics and development of a community
—geographic, socio-political, economic, and cultural.

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship6

A. Geographic Dimension – focuses on how community is shaped by physical space it uses and the location of its
resources—human, natural, and technological. Every community has a specific and unique geographical system where
interactions of its inhabitants occurs. Institutions regulates these spaces as legal jurisdictions. Goods and information
also circulate within the geographic system. It also has political-administrative character, since geographic system are
characterized by zones and boundaries that are either natural or define by the rules of the community. An examination
of a community’s geographic system would typically start by looking at the scope and limits of its territory, distribution
of its population, and the location of its resources.
B. Socio-Political Dimension—is about relationships of power and control between individuals and groups in the
community. Political leadership, whether formal or informal and how it is accepted and sustained by community
members are important factors that help analyze the quality and processes of decision –making in a community.
Accountability, legitimacy, and participation are critical issues related to political leadership. Knowing the socio-political
system of communities also helps in characterizing the relationship between stratified groups and the extent of their
dominance or marginalization.
C. Economic Dimension—refers to the means by which members of a community allocate, produce, and distribute
scarce resources to address their wants and needs. It is the aspect of the community that is concerned with how
exchange value is created and what systems of exchange occurs within a community
D. Cultural Dimension—in its broadest sense, culture refers to the people’s way of life. It encompasses the values and
beliefs that are passed on from one generation to another. It embodies collective sense of a people and what matters to
them as a community, such as their relationships, memories, experiences, backgrounds, hopes, and dreams, amidst their
individual diversities. A study on cultural dimension provides an understanding of how culture affects members of
society. Community issues and problems are multidimensional. This means that the challenges communities face can be
analyzed through a combination of all dimension we mentioned above.

What I can do?

Before we end up with these let us see how much you’ve learned from this topic
1. What are the most prevalent problems in your community?
2. How effective are the mechanisms employed by the local and grassroots structures in addressing these problems?

Assimilation:
What I have learned?
Wrap up: Communities have geographic, socio-political, economic, and cultural dimensions.
I realized that _______________________________________________________________

Assessment: ESSAY WRITING

Observe the structural dimension of your community. Write a short description of its structural dimensions and
processes base on the lesson presented.
RUBRICS
Score
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
CONTENT. Consistent with the lesson.
CLARITY. The idea has been clearly presented
COHESION. Presentation of ideas was logically sequence
TOTAL

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship7

WEEK 4 MELC’s:
Differentiate typologies of communities

Learning Objectives:
Compare and contrast the typologies of communities
1. Characterized a formal and informal and rural and urban community
2. Examine their physical and social structures
3. Provide examples of formal and informal and rural and urban communities

What I need to know: Communities may be categorized into different types.

Lesson 6: Typologies of Community

What I know?
Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement
is true and F if it is not
_____ 1. Community is a collection of people in a particular territory.
_____ 2. Collection of people is always synonymous with community.
_____ 3. The daily operations in the community constitute to a feeling of isolation.
_____ 4. Society is another term for community.
_____ 5. Being a part of a community develops a sense of belongingness among individuals

What’s in?
Formal and Informal Communities/ Rural and Urban Communities
1. FORMAL COMMUNITY
a. Definition- FORMAL Community are established by organizations to achieve some specific objectives.
b. Characteristics
1. Well defined rules and regulations.
2. Determined objectives and policies.
3. Status symbol.
4. Limitation on the activities of the individual.
5. Strict observance of the principle of coordination.
6. Messages are communicated through scalar chain.
7. It is to best attain the objectives of the enterprise.
c. Physical Structure
Formal organizational structure, official patterns of coordination and control, workflow, authority, and communication
that channel the activity of members of an organization. The formal structure is embedded in the design of the
organization and is seen as the pattern that should be followed by employees.

Example, this structure when it comes to business community is composed of establishment, businesses, and other
enterprises that are legal based on their compliance to government requires such as licenses. Because they have
successfully attained all requirements, they, alongside their workers and customers, are continually being supervised
and protected by the government and its policies. In exchange, they follow the regulations and also are taxed by the
state. Example of actors are Private businesses such as multinational corporations, corporate firms, Listed/traded
companies

2. INFORMAL COMMUNITY
a. Definition- INFORMAL Community/groups are formed by the members of such groups by themselves. They emerge
naturally, in response to the common interests of organizational members.
The Informal groups are those groups that get created spontaneously as soon as individuals start interacting with each
other. Propinquity Theory: The propinquity means nearness, hence an individual forms an affiliation with others due to
the geographical proximity amongst them.
b. Characteristics
1. evolving constantly.
2. grass roots.
3. dynamic and responsive.
4. excellent at motivation.
5. requires insider knowledge to be seen.
6. treats people as individuals like.
7. flat and fluid.
8. cohered by trust and reciprocity.
c. Physical Structure
Those who are part of the informal sector lack the requirements and licenses from the government. Because they fail to
register, they tend to disregard the regulations and policies put up by the government, thus, they are not also taxed in
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship8
their income and real properties. Since they are not supervised, their workers and customers, in the case of business
establishments, are also not protected thus limiting their bargaining rights once they make a demand. This sector is
often described by economist as the shadow economy because it exists behind state supervision. Examples of actors are
underground economy such as fish ball vendors, freelance workers, and street vendors

3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNITIES

a. The groups formed by the management of the organization for accomplishing a specific task are known as Formal
Groups.
The groups that are formed by the employees themselves as per their likes and prejudices is known as Informal Groups.
b. The formal groups are deliberately created by the organization, whereas the informal groups are established
voluntarily.
c. The formal groups are big in size as compared to an informal group. Moreover, there can be sub-groups in a single
formal group.
d. The structure of a formal group is designed in a hierarchical manner while the informal group lacks structure or say it
has no structure.
e. In a formal group, the position of a member defines its importance in the group, but in an informal group, every
member is as important as any other member.
f. In a formal group, the relationship between the members is professional, they gather just to accomplish the task
allotted to them. On the other hand, in an informal group, there is a personal relationship between members, they share
their opinions, experiences, problems, information with each other.
g. In a formal group, the flow of communication is restricted due to the unity of command. In contrast to an informal
group, the flow of communication stretches in all directions; there is no such restriction.

4. RURAL COMMUNITY
a. Definition-RURAL COMMUNITY consist of agricultural lands,
also referred as pre-industrial communities.
- A community away from the city with a lot of open space
and natural areas
- Rural community is an area which is under development
and not civilized, based on geographical conditions.

b. Characteristics
1. Rural area is sparsely populated because many people leave rural areas and settles in the urban areas for more
facilities.
2. These society has homogeneity. in its profession that is their only source of earning is agriculture and this is
transmitted from generation to generation.
3. There is homogeneity in dress, language and customs. It means all these remain same because their culture is same,
they belong to the same area.
4. These areas have got slow means of communication.
5. Rural areas have very slow rate of change because of lack of education and modern technology.
6. Areas have got simple culture transmitted from generation to generation.
7. Rural areas have got informal social life that is they spent their life in a. simple way.
8. Rural communities have got strong relationships and interactions of the people. It means that they help each other in
distress and shares the happiness.
9. In such areas there is less rate of pollution because there are no factories and mills and the number of automobiles is
less.
10. In such areas people shows great hospitality to their guests and treat them as a member of a family.
a. Physical Structure
In 1990, in the Philippines’ physical structure of rural communities nearly six out of every ten Filipinos lived in villages or
barangays. Each barangay consisted of a number of sitios (neighborhoods), clusters of households that were the basic
building blocks of society above the family. Each sitio comprised 15 to 30 households, and most barangays numbered
from 150 to 200 households. As a rule, barangays also contained an elementary school, one or two small retail stores,
and a small Roman Catholic chapel. They were combined administratively into municipalities.
b. Social Structure
The term ‘social structure’ applies to the particular arrangement of inter-related institutions, agencies and social
patterns as well as the statuses and roles, which each person assumes in the group. –Talcott Parsons

5. URBAN COMMUNITY
a. Definition URBAN COMMUNITY
pertains to highly industrialize communities.
- In a city with not much open space and natural areas
- Urban community is an area which is developed
and civilized, based on geographical conditions.

b. Characteristics
1. Urban society is thickly populated because many people come from rural areas and settles down here for better
facilities of life.
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship9
2. This society has homogeneity in profession it means that there are many professions through which people can earn.
3. In urban areas there is difference in dress, language and customs because there are a variety of people having
different backgrounds.
4. Have got fast means of communication that is they Gets aware of what is happening around the world rapidly.
5. The areas have got fast rate of change because of education and modern technology.
6. These areas have got complex culture because of mixing of other cultures in it.
7. Urban areas have got formal social life.
8. Urban areas have got weak interactions and ties on the basis of their complex.
9. In these areas there is high rate of pollution because of factories and automobiles.
10. In urban areas people are not much gracious to their guests because of their busy life.
c. Physical Structure
Philippines’ physical structure of rural communities, like most other Southeast Asian nations, has one dominant city that
is in a category all by itself as a "primate city." In the mid-1980s, Metro Manila produced roughly half of the gross
national product (GNP) of the Philippines and contained two-thirds of the nation's vehicles. Its plethora of wholesale and
retail business establishments, insurance companies, advertising companies, and banks of every description made the
region the unchallenged hub of business and finance.
d. Social Structure
As an example of social concept of Urban Community here is the Urban social structure in the urban Philippines,
whether in poor squatter and slum communities or in middleclass sections of cities, values associated primarily with
rural barangays continued to be important in determining expectations, if not always actions. Even when it was clearly
impossible to create a warm and personal community in a city neighborhood, Filipinos nevertheless felt that traditional
patterns of behavior conducive to such a community should be followed. Hospitality, interdependence, patron-client
bonds, and real kinship all continued to be of importance for urban Filipinos.
6. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES
Based on the density of population, development, amenities, employment opportunities, education, etc. human
settlement is majorly divided into two categories i.e. Urban and Rural. Urban refers to a human settlement where the
rate of urbanization and industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is one where the rate of
urbanization is quite slow. Another important difference between the two human settlements is that while urban areas
are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less population than the urban ones. Take a read of this article, in
which we’ve compiled the important point to distinguish the two. The fundamental differences between urban and rural
are discussed in the following points:
a. A settlement where the population is very high and has the features of a built environment (an environment that
provides basic facilities for human activity), is known as urban. Rural is the geographical region located in the outer parts
of the cities or towns.
b. The life in urban areas is fast and complicated, whereas rural life is simple and relaxed.
c. The Urban settlement includes cities and towns. On the other hand, the rural settlement includes villages and hamlets.
d. There is greater isolation from nature in urban areas, due to the existence of the built environment. Conversely, rural
areas are in direct contact with nature, as natural elements influence them.
e. Urban people are engaged in non-agricultural work, i.e. trade, commerce or service industry. In contrast, the primary
occupation of rural people is agriculture and animal husbandry.
f. Population wise, urban areas are densely populated, which is based on the urbanization, i.e. the higher the
urbanization, the higher is the population. On the contrary, the rural population is sparse, which has an inverse
relationship with agricultures.
g. Urban areas are developed in a planned and systematic way, according to the process of urbanization and
industrialization. Development in rural areas is seldom, based on the availability of natural vegetation and fauna in the
region.
h. When it comes to social mobilization, urban people are highly intensive as they change their occupation or residence
frequently in search of better opportunities. However, in rural areas occupational or territorial mobility of the people is
relatively less intensive.
i. Division of labor and specialization is always present in the urban settlement at the time of job allotment. As opposed
to rural areas, there is no division of labor.

What’s more?
Local-global typology of community focuses on the scope and breadth of communities with respect to its geographical
dimensions and the reach of its other dimension (e.g. Economic, socio-political, and cultural) Local community is a group
of individuals interacting within a shared environment, while global community stretches beyond the frontier of local
community, transcending national, supranational, and regional demarcations.
Examples are The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and United Nations (UN) Organization.

What I have learned? WRAP–UP

Before we end up, let us see how much you’ve learned from this lesson:
1. Why is it important to understand the distinct characteristics of each type of community?

“It is understanding that gives us an ability to have peace. When we understand the other fellow’s viewpoint, and he understands ours, then we
can sit down and work out our differences”

Identify the pictures it is local or global community. Write your answers on the space provided.

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship10

_______________________ _______________________ ______________________ ___________________________

What I can do?

Reflection Writing: Write an essay about the topic below using the guide questions.
In writing your essays always remember the three C’s (content, clarity, cohesion).
Always be mindful of the content, be clear on what you say, and be disciplined in ordering your ideas.

TOPIC: Recall the different locations that you have been. If given a chance, where would you want to settle down with
your family and why? Why do you think that it will be the best choice for your family? Cite concrete examples to back up
your answers and try to analyze the institutions and social structures in it.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
a. What necessities do you think are important for a better quality of life?
b. if the location you chose is not your current community, compare and contrast the two communities and why do you
think the community of your choice is better?
RUBRICS
Score
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
CONTENT. Consistent with the lesson.
CLARITY. The idea has been clearly presented
COHESION. Presentation of ideas was logically sequence
TOTAL

Assessment: POST TEST

Direction: Match column A to Column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

Column A. Description / Definition Column B Terms

_______ 1. Pertains to highly industrialize communities. A. Slum

_______ 2. Consists of agricultural lands, also referred B. Urban
as pre-industrial communities. C. Social Status
_______ 3. A densely populated area usually crowded D. Rural
and has dirty run-down housing. E. Subdivision
_______ 4. An area of land that has been divided F. Community
on smaller areas on which houses were built.
_______ 5. Refers to the social standing of an individual.

What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

Draw your community and cite using 3-5 sentences the good side of living in it.
Or Illustrate your Ideal typology of Community

KEY TO CORRECTION
Pretest: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
Posttest: 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. C

References
DepEd-Pasig City ADM Module
Photos and Images
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?&n
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?n
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?&n=785893b9&p2
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?&n=785893b9&p2=%5ECNH%5Exdm781%5ETTAB03%5EPH&ptb
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?&n=785893b9&p2=%5ECNH%5Exdm781%5ETTAB03%5EPH&pt
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship11
WEEK 5 MELC’s:
Recognize the value of undertaking community action modalities
WEEK 6 MELC’s:
Acknowledge interrelationship of self and community in undertaking community action
Learning Objectives:
1. Define the different concepts in the community action process.
2. Distinguish engagement, solidarity and citizenship from one another.
3. Determine their level of participation in the community building processes.

Introduction:
In this lesson, community engagement is discussed as an essential features of collective action. Community engagement,
expressed through community action and bonded by solidarity, enhances the capacity of communities to address
collective challenges and solve problems.

What I need to know:

Lesson 1: Definition of Community Engagement
Lesson 2: Community Action and Community Development

What I know?
Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the following situations. Choose your answers from the word pool. Write only the
letter of the correct answers.
A. Community Engagement B. Solidarity C. Citizenship D. Community Action

1. Miles has been actively supporting her group’s efforts for gender equality awareness within a system dominated by
conservative views.
2. Religious group organization initiated a plan to resolve issues on community development process.
3. As a resident of their barangay, Jenorie is left with no other choice but to observe all the rules enforced by the
government.
4. Red is not a sport enthusiast but he supported the efforts of the Sangguniang Kabataan in promoting sports for youth
development.
5. Manny joined his friends in the clean-up drive in the community just to spend his free time productively.

Development:
What’s in?
Activity 1: Arrange the following jumbled letters to describe what does the pictures tells about. Write your final answers
on the space provided.

.
https://www.facebook.com/antipolocitygovernment/photos/a. https://www.facebook.com/antipolocitygovernment/photos/3498110210238922

1. MMTYINUCO ENGAEMNTGE 2. COMMTYINU TNEMPOLEVED 3. COMNITYMU TIONAC

___________________________ _______________________ ___________________

What’s new?
Community Engagement refers to the “process of working collaboratively with or through groups of people
affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well-being of
those people” (CDC 1997, p.9).
Community engagement becomes possible through social trust, cooperation, functional coalition, and effective
partnership. Community engagement is a vehicle to affect societal changes because it mobilizes resources, influences
system, and strengthens social relationships.
A core component of community engagement is solidarity. SOLIDARITY refers to the “idea of unity or feeling of
agreement among individuals with common interest.”
Solidarity deepen social roles and responsibilities, in the light of collective interest. It also stimulates sense of
obligation among individuals in a group to pursue the goals and objectives of the community, to protect and promote
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship12
the interest of community through agreed social action. Therefore, solidarity is the adhesive that strengthen the link
among people in the community. Without solidarity members tend to act individually. Disunited, and stop from
collectively engaging each other.

When solidarity—or the sense of togetherness, unity, or agreement materializes in a group or members of
community, needs for mechanism and guidelines emerged to formally define the roles and responsibility of an individual
in society. Guidelines that established the relationship between individual in its community, as well as the behavior,
attitudes and actions expected from an individual, constitute CITIZENSHIP. The quality of these “building blocks” lends
insight to the concern and participation extended by an individual to a community.
CITIZENSHIP, characterized as relationship between a citizens and a political community. It could be done
through involvement in state affairs, with respect to its economic and social processes, institutions, laws, rights, and
responsibilities. A good and responsible citizen, is the one who contributes to the country’s well-being through
community engagement.
Community engagement is express through COMMUNITY ACTION- It is a collective action by the community to
arrest crisis, challenges, problems, or accomplishing specific outcome in the community.
Community Action could be express through—consultation, education, public participation, and partnership
building with government agencies.

What is it?
Engagement, solidarity and citizenship are three movers of human resources in the community development process.
Being a member of the community an individual has to fulfill their social responsibility by taking a share of the tasks in
the community building process. After all everyone stands to benefit from a well progressive and peaceful community.
As shown in the illustration those three are essential factors in helping community people locate their place in the
process as functional members of the community.

What I can do?

Activity 2: What it is, how it is?

The first column provides the three movers of social action. In the second column you are going to give words that you
think will best characterized those three while, in the third column you are being asked to identify any actions that you
can do in your community that will exemplify them. See if you can convince your parents/guardian or teacher to give
you at least positive review in this activity.

Movers of social action What it is? How it is?

Engagement
Solidarity
Citizenship

Reflecting on how deep is your participation in the community development process based on you answers in column
three. What insights did you develop in this part of the discussion?
Then we proceeded to the three movers of the social actions namely the engagement, solidarity and citizenship.
How will you differentiate each from the other?
These three movers of social actions can help us determine our level of understanding of our part as member of the
community and as citizen of our city and country.

What I have learned?

Reflection: Relate the message of this quotation on the lessons we discussed in brief explanation.
“One of the marvelous things about community it that it enables us to welcome and help people
in a way we couldn’t as individuals.”
RUBRICS
Score
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship13
CONTENT. Consistent with the lesson.
CLARITY. The idea/message has been clearly presented
COHESION. Presentation of ideas was logically sequence
TOTAL
Assessment:
Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the following situations. Choose your answers from the word pool. Write only the
letter of the correct answers.

A. Community Engagement B. Solidarity C. Citizenship D. Community Action

1. As a resident of their barangay, Jessie is left with no choice but to observe all the rules enforced by the government.
2. Red is not a sport enthusiast but he supported the efforts of the Sangguniang Kabataan in promoting sports for youth
development.
3. Manny joined his friends in the clean-up drive in the community just to spend his free time productively.
4. Miles has been actively supporting her group’s efforts for gender equality awareness within a system dominated by
conservative views.
5. Faith-based organization in Baranggay Banaba, initiated a pal to combat the problem of blooding in their community.

What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

We are not only members but also citizens in a formal (political) community. As such we have duties and responsibilities
to perform. Try recalling the words in the “Panatang Makabayan” and identify our duties and responsibilities that were
mentioned there. Come to think of it, how well do you take the words in the “Panatang Makabayan?” Do they really
mean anything to you or you just recite them during the flag ceremony? Since we are living in a democratic society we
have the freedom to choose how we can have involvement in our community. But ignoring our social responsibility as
citizen is never a part of that choice.

ANSWER KEY

Pretest-1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A

Assessment- 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D

References:
Books:
Jalton G. Taguibao, Francis Ron C. De Guzman 2016.
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship: Vibal Group Inc.
DEPEd ADM-Pasig City

Prepared by:
LIWAYWAY DAWN C. DE REAL
MT II- Social Studies

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship14

WEEK 7 MELCs :
Explain forms of community engagement that contribute to community development through solidarity
WEEK 8 MELCS
Recognize the Importance of solidarity in promoting national and global community development (e.g. poverty
alleviation)
Introduction:
When community members engage in collective action, people are empowered, problems are solved, social
change occurs, and community development are said to take place.

What I need to know:

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT –is both a process and a product.

 As a product community development define as “capacity of people to work together to address their common
interest. —Maser (1997)
 As a process it requires integrative approach to systematically assess the problem, capacitate the community
and solve a problem. -- Maser (1997
 Community development is a condition where the capacity of people enhanced, thus allowing then to
participate in collective action.
 It is all done to promote community welfare and well-being.
 Isolated projects and activities implemented in the communities that do not pursue these goals of community
development are simply community/ project, programs or activities.

What’s new?
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The process of community development has the following characteristics:
 It involves participation from big segment of community;
 It is participated by well-informed members;
 It results to decision made through a consensus among community members
 It encourages, group buildings, leadership, development, and capacity building among members (process
objective), while addressing issue at hand (product objective);
 It uses systematic approach in addressing local concerns;
 It is an examination of community problems and issues in its entirety, and not as isolated or independent cases;
 It uses process that are flexible and may be applied to other community concerns; and
 It is initiated often as a result of a potential or locally perceived crisis.
Community development is pursued and achieved when citizens by virtue of their solidarity, implement community
action. Solidarity is crucial as it strengthen the bonds and unites people to act in concerted, collected manner.
Solidarities root from social agreement and shared consciousness, to initiates and sustains collective effort.
Solidarity occurs beyond limits of community, allowing people from different communities to express support, even lend
capacities and resources.

What is it?
Activity 1: Case Analysis

The onslaught of Typhoon Yolanda in 2013—the strongest tropical cyclone recorded in history that hit the
Philippines. The international community responded to the country’s call for help. They expressed their solidarity and
support for the Filipinos through various form of humanitarian aid. Various government from Asia, Europe, and North
America sent medicines, tents, foods, and clothing. Several humanitarian organization and contingents flew to the
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship15
Philippines to facilitate the repair and reconstructions of devastated infrastructure, such as airports, roads, bridges,
and telecommunication facilities.
Domestically, communities and organizations from all around the Philippines also extended their support by
raising funds, donations, and supplies for thousands of Filipinos in the typhoon-stricken areas. Different civil society
organizations, religious organizations, businesses, youth and school groups conducted charity and donations drives to
help the victim of the typhoon.

What’s more?
Activity 2: Processing Question
1. What community issues or problem is being address in the situation?
2. Is there community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship fostered in the situation?
3. Can we consider those actions as manifestation of community development? Why justify your answers?

Assimilation:
What I have learned?

In our situation now a days, we are dealing with global health issues and problems on COVID 19 . Can you suggest ways
on how you will express community engagement, solidarity and citizenship in this situation? Give atlest 5-10 viewpoints
on actions that you can consider as manifestation of those aspects of social actions.

References:
Books:
Jalton G. Taguibao, Francis Ron C. De Guzman 2016.
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship: Vibal Group Inc.
DEPEd ADM-Pasig City

Prepared by:
LIWAYWAY DAWN C. DE REAL
MT II- Social Studies

https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?enc=2&n
https://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?&enc=2&n

Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship16