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Fundamentals of Python
Introduction to Python
• Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language.

• It was created by Guido van Rossum in 1989 at the National Research Institute in the
Netherlands.

• Officially released to the public on February 20, 1991 (Python’s Date of Birth).

• Recommended as the first programming language for beginners due to its simplicity.

Printing "Hello World!"

• Example in Java:

• Example in Python:

History of Python
• The name "Python" was inspired by the TV show "Monty Python's Flying Circus”, which was
broadcasted in BBC from 1969 to 1974.

• Guido van Rossum combined features from several languages:

1. Functional programming from C

2. Object-oriented features from C++

3. Scripting capabilities from Perl and Shell

4. Modular programming from Modula-3

• Python’s syntax is influenced by C and ABC languages.

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Applications of Python
1. Desktop applications

2. Web development

3. Network programming

4. Game development

5. Data analysis

6. Machine learning

7. Database applications

8. Artificial intelligence

9. Internet of Things (IoT)

10. Data science

11. Telecom applications

Features of Python
1. Simple and Easy to Learn: Python’s syntax is simple and resembles English. It has only 30+
keywords, making it easy to write concise and readable code.

2. Free and Open Source: Python is free to use, and its source code is open for customization.

3. High-Level Language: Python abstracts low-level operations like memory management, making
it user-friendly.

4. Portable: Python programs work seamlessly across different platforms.

5. Platform Independent: Python programs can run on any platform without modifications, thanks
to the Python Virtual Machine (PVM).

6. Secure and Reusable: Python supports procedural and object-oriented programming, ensuring
security and reusability.

7. Dynamically Typed: Variable types are assigned at runtime, offering flexibility.

8. Interpreted: Python programs don’t require explicit compilation; the interpreter handles it
internally.

9. Scripting: Python can create scripts for automation tasks.

10. Extensibility: Python integrates with other languages, improving application performance and
supporting legacy code.

11. Extensive Libraries: Python has a vast collection of inbuilt libraries, reducing the need to write
code from scratch.
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Limitations of Python
1. Not suitable for mobile app development.

2. Slower performance due to being interpreter-based.

Flavors of Python
1. CPython: The standard version, compatible with C applications.

2. Jython: For Java applications, runs on JVM.

3. IronPython: For C# and .NET platforms.

4. PyPy: Includes a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler for better performance.

5. RubyPython: For Ruby applications.

6. Anaconda Python: Designed for handling large-scale data processing and analysis.

Python Versions
• Python 1.0: January 1994

• Python 2.0: October 2000

• Python 3.0: December 2008

• Recent versions:

o Python 3.9: October 2020

o Python 3.10: October 2021

o Python 3.12: October 2023

• The latest version of Python is 3.13, which was released on October 7, 2024.

Downloading and Installing Python

Note:
The installation steps and software setup details provided in this document are for informational
purposes only. These steps are meant to help you understand how to install and use Python and its
related tools.

For examination purposes, focus on Python concepts, syntax, and programming logic. The installation
process will not be a part of the examination.
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1. Visit the official website: Download Python.

2. Click “Download Python 3.x”.

3. Run the installer.

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4. Select “Add python.exe to PATH” and click “Install Now”.

5. Verify installation:

o Open Command Prompt.

o Type: python --version.

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Integrated Development Environment (IDE) An IDE simplifies coding by providing tools for
writing, testing, and debugging code. Popular Python IDEs include:

1. Visual Studio Code (VS Code)

2. PyCharm

3. Atom

4. Spyder

5. PyDev

Installing PyCharm
1. Download PyCharm Community Edition: PyCharm Download.

2. Run the installer and follow these steps:

o Select “Add ‘bin’ folder to PATH”.

o Create a desktop shortcut.

o Click “Install” and then “Finish”.

Creating a Project in PyCharm

1. Open PyCharm.

2. Click “File” > “New Project”.

3. Enter a project name and click “Create”.

Adding a Subfolder and File

1. Right-click on the project and select “New” > “Directory” to create a folder.

2. Right-click the folder, select “New” > “Python File”, and name the file.

Create a Python file in the Directory:

• Select the sub folder.

• Right click of muse.

• Click on “New”.

• Click on “Python” file

• Enter the name without any extension.

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