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12.++Directional+Over+Current+Protection+(ANSI+67)

Directional overcurrent protection (ANSI 67) enables relays to trip only when fault current flows in a specified direction, either forward or reverse. The relay operates based on two conditions: the current magnitude exceeding a set threshold and the current flowing in the predetermined direction. Practical applications include isolating faulty sections in electric networks with parallel feeders by selectively tripping circuit breakers based on current direction.

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chamal Indrajith
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85 views

12.++Directional+Over+Current+Protection+(ANSI+67)

Directional overcurrent protection (ANSI 67) enables relays to trip only when fault current flows in a specified direction, either forward or reverse. The relay operates based on two conditions: the current magnitude exceeding a set threshold and the current flowing in the predetermined direction. Practical applications include isolating faulty sections in electric networks with parallel feeders by selectively tripping circuit breakers based on current direction.

Uploaded by

chamal Indrajith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Directional Overcurrent Protection (ANSI 67)

❑ Directional overcurrent protection allows the operation (tripping) of the directional


overcurrent relay only when the fault current flows in the selected direction (forward or
reverse) of current flow.

➢ Directional Overcurrent Relay will operate when two conditions are


provided :

1. The magnitude of the line current exceeds the pick up value

2. The current flows in one specified selected direction


Directional Overcurrent Protection (ANSI 67)

• A directional overcurrent relay measures current and voltage at a given point of the circuit

• From these measurements, the directional element is able to determine the direction of
current flow

• It is common to set the current flowing from


P1 to P2 is the forward current

• And Current flowing from P2 to P1 as


reverse current
reverse forward
current current
Directional Overcurrent Protection (ANSI 67)

• This relay is set to operate in the reverse direction only


Directional Overcurrent Protection (ANSI 67)
❖ Example

➢ If the fault occurs at the busbar

• The fault current flows in the reverse direction

• Overcurrent directional relay operates


• The CB interrupts the circuit

➢ If the fault occurs at the feeder

• The fault current flows in the forward direction

• Overcurrent directional relay will not operate


Operation of directional overcurrent relay
❑ How can the directional overcurrent relay detect
the current direction ?
Operation of directional overcurrent relay

❑ I1 : current in phase 1 at normal operation

❑ I1f(forward) : S.C current in phase 1 if fault occurs


at the feeder

❑ I1f(reverse) : S.C current in phase 1 if fault occurs


at the busbar
Operation of directional overcurrent relay
tripping No tripping

➢ By taking V1 is a reference

❑ Disadvantages of taking V1 is reference

If fault occurs at phase 1 ……. V1 =0

V1 is undependable reference for fault at phase 1


Operation of directional overcurrent relay
tripping No tripping ➢ By taking V23 is a reference for
fault at phase 1

Ɵ = angle between V23 & I1f

❑ Disadvantages of taking V23 is reference

If load is capacitive load

At normal operation … I1 lies in tripping


region
Operation of directional overcurrent relay
Solution is …. We use C/C’s angle

Angle by which the reference


voltage is rotated to allow proper
operation of the directional
overcurrent relay
Operation of directional overcurrent relay

❑ The main settings to the directional overcurrent relay are :

▪ Current threshold, also referred to as the current setting. This is the minimum current for which
the directional overcurrent relay may trip.

▪ Time delay, also referred to as the time setting or the operate delay

▪ Direction of current flow (forward or reverse)

▪ Characteristic angle. Angle by which the reference voltage is rotated to


allow proper operation of the directional overcurrent relay. This angle is generally set to 45°
Practical application of directional overcurrent Protection

❑ Electric Network with 2 parallel incoming feeders

➢ When fault occurs at A

▪ Two S.C current will flow (If1 , If2)

▪ The fault currents will flow through 4


protections (E,C,D,F)

▪ In order to clear the fault without interrupting


the power supply , Only circuit breakers at
C & E must trip

▪ In order to do this, Directional over current


protections are set at E & F
Practical application of directional overcurrent Protection

❑ Electric Network with 2 parallel incoming feeders

➢ When fault occurs at A

▪ Protection at F is not activated as the current


flow in the opposite direction of its selected
direction

▪ Protection at E is activated as the current flow


in the same direction of its selected direction

▪ Thus , CBs at E &C open and interrupts the


circuit , Hence the faulty section is isolated

▪ Protection at C which is time delayed is not


activated

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