6

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Layers of the Earth
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the skill in comparing the different layers of the earth.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is about:

Lesson 1 – Layers of the Earth

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe and compare the different layers of the Earth;
2. differentiate the layers accurately; and
3. construct a visual representation of the Earth.

What I Know

Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is not. Write your

answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The crust is the layer that you live on.

2. The mantle is the layer located directly under the sima, the silicate-
magnesium middle layer.
3. The continental crust is about 40 kilometers thick under the continents.
4. The oceanic crust is about 8 kilometers thick under the oceans.
5. The crust is the largest layer of the Earth.
6. The inner core is made up of molten iron and nickel mixture.
7. The outer core is made up of solid iron.
8. The mantle is about 2800 km thick and is made up of high density
silicate rocks.
9. The mantle is the thinnest layer of the Earth.
10. The outer core is located about 4667 kilometers beneath the crust and
is about 2250 kilometers thick.
Lesso
n
Layers of the Earth
1
There is more to the Earth than what we can see on the surface. In
fact, if you were able to hold the earth in your hand and slice it in half,
you’d see that it has multiple layers. But of course, the interior of our
world continues to hold some mysteries for us.

However, advances in seismology have allowed us to learn a great

deal about the earth and the many layers that make it up. Each layer has
a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life on
Earth's surface. Let’s take a look at them.

What’s In
A. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is a magnet?
A. a wooden figure
B. a magnetic force
C. an object that allows light to pass through
D. an object that attracts or pulls certain materials like iron and
steel
2. What is needed to strengthen an electromagnet?
A. decrease the voltage
B. increase the number of turns in a coil
C. put a non-magnetic substance in the coil
D. all of the above
3. Which part of electromagnet supplies electric current?
A. battery C. switch
B. nail D. wire
4. Which is an example of a temporary magnet?
A. bar magnet C. horseshoe magnet
B. electromagnet D. magnetite
5. Which of the following materials can be used as a core in making an
electromagnet?
 A. plastic ruler C. screw driver
B. plastic straw D. wood stick

B. Write YES if the statement is correct or NO if not. Write your

answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The strength of an electromagnet cannot be increased.

2. In constructing an electromagnet, we can use any material as core.
3. The electric current has nothing to do with the strength of an
electromagnet.
4. The coils should loop in one direction only.
5. When electricity flows into an electromagnet, it will act as a magnet.

What’s New

Perform the activity below, then answer the guide questions on a

separate sheet of paper.
Title: Eggsperiment
Problem: What are the different layers of the earth?
What you need:
1 hard boiled egg
plastic knives (Be careful in handling this object)
garbage bag and clean rag
What to do:
1. Without removing the shell, cut the egg into halves.
2. Observe and describe the parts of the egg from the outermost to
the innermost.
What have you found out:
1. How many layers does a hard-boiled egg have?
2. Which is the largest part? the thinnest?
3. Compare the parts of the egg to the model of the earth. Which
layers of the Earth are represented by the following parts of the
egg?
A. Shell C. Egg yolk
B. Egg white D. Middle part of the egg yolk
4. Describe each layer.
 What is It

Like all terrestrial planets, the Earth’s interior is differentiated. This

means that its internal structure consists of layers, arranged like the hard-
boiled egg.

Do you want to know more about the layers of the Earth? Let’s
study the given information in this module.

Layers of the Earth

crust

mantle
outer core

inner core

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
287597126177290714/February 11, 2021

1. The Crust
The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. It is made up
of the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle.

The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely
studied and understood. It is very thin in comparison to the other layers.
The crust is only about 8 kilometers thick under the ocean (oceanic
crust) and about 40 kilometers thick under the continents (continental
crust). The temperatures of the crust vary from the air temperature on
top to about 870 C) in the deepest parts of the crust.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The
plates “float” on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust.
These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and
build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps.
When this occurs, an Earthquake results (Castante-Padpad, 2017).
2. The Mantle

The mantle is the layer located directly under the sima, the silicate-
magnesium middle layer. It is the largest layer of the Earth, 2900
kilometers thick. The mantle is composed of very hot, dense rock. This
layer of rock even flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. This flow is
due to great temperature differences from the bottom to the top of the
mantle. The movement of the mantle is the reason that the plates of the
Earth move. The temperature of the mantle varies from 871 OC at the top
to about 2204OC near the bottom (Mercado, 2016).

3. The Core

a. Outer Core

Earth’s core is very hot and very dense center of our planet. The
outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The
outer core is located about 4667 kilometers beneath the crust and is
about 2250 kilometers thick. The outer core is composed of the melted
metals of nickel and iron (Castante-Padpad, 2017).

Earth’s cross section

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
287597126177290714/February 11, 2021

b. Inner Core
 The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so
great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move
about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place as a solid. The inner
core begins about 5100 kilometers beneath the crust and is about 1200
kilometers thick. The temperatures may reach 4982 OC and the pressures
are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This is 3,000,000 times the air
pressure on you at sea level (San Pablo, 2017).

What’s More

Activity 1
Match the terms in Column B with the definitions in Column A.
Write only the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet of
paper.

Column A Column B
1. It is the thinnest layer of the A. crust
Earth.
B. continental crust
2. It is about 2800 km thick and is
made up of high-density silicate C. core
rocks.
D. earth
3. It is made up of molten iron and
E. inner core
nickel mixture.
4. It is very hot end very dense F. lithosphere
center of our planet. G. mantle
5. It is made up of solid iron. H. oceanic crust
6. It is made up of air, water and I. outer core
solid ground.
J. plates
7. The crust that is only 8
kilometers thick under the ocean. K. planets
8. The crust that is about 40
kilometers thick under the
continents.
9. It is the rocky outer part of the
Earth.
10. The crust of the Earth that is
broken into many pieces.
Activity 2
 Copy the table below on a separate sheet of paper. Write your
answers in complete sentences.

Layers of the Earth Thickness Temperature Chemical

Composition

1.
2.
3.

Activity 3
Draw the different layers of the earth. Label and describe each
layer. Color your drawing using crayons.

Rubric in Assessing Activity 2 and 3

Task 5 points 3 points 1 point

Component
Identified three Identified two Identified one
layers of the out of the three out of the three
Earth and layers of the layers of the
successfully Earth and Earth and did
compared the successfully not compare
Correctness layers. compared the the layers.
Comparisons layers.
show creative
and original
thinking.
Accurately gave Accurately gave Accurately gave
complete data data about only data on only
about two one
temperature, characteristics characteristics
thickness and (temperature, (temperature,
Accuracy composition of thickness or thickness or
the layers of the composition) of composition)of
Earth. the layers of the the layers of
Earth. the Earth.
 What I Have Learned

Complete the statement below by choosing the correct answers

from the given choices in the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

core mantle outer core

crust inner core oceanic crust

The solid part of the Earth is made mostly of rocks and is divided
into layers; the crust, mantle, and core. The thinnest layer is the
(1)__________ which is 250km thick. The (2)__________ is about 2800km
thick and is made up of high-density silicate rocks. The (3)___________ has
a radius of about 3500km and is divided into outer and inner core. The
(4)___________ is made up of molten iron and nickel mixture while the
(5)____________ is made up of solid iron. The temperature inside the outer
core reaches up to 2000OC and the inner core has a temperature of 5000
O
C.

What I Can Do

Perform the activity below.

Title: Earth Model
Problem: What are the different layers of the Earth?
What you need:
4 colored papers (e.g blue, brown, yellow, black)
glue or paste, marking pens, pair of scissors
manila paper, protractor (optional)
What to do:
1. Using colored papers, cut out different sizes of circular figures
that will show the correct thickness of each layer of the earth. One
layer should be represented by a certain color.
2. Label each layer with its temperature and thickness.
 3. Mount your cut outs on a sheet of manila paper. Include a brief
description of each layer.
4. You may decorate your constructed Earth model.
Rubric in Assessing Constructed Model
Category 5 points 3 points 1 point
Constructed Model is well Model Model is poorly
Model of the constructed construction is constructed containing
Earth presenting basically the main layers of the
Earth’s layers adequate Earth.
presenting
Earths layer
Materials Model includes Some of the Few of the materials
appropriate materials depicted in the model
materials depicted in the are appropriate.
depicting the model are Description on the
earth’s layers. appropriate. chosen material is
Description on unclear.
Description on
the use of
the use of
chosen
chosen
material is
materials is
unclear.
clear.
Overall The model is The model is The model lacks
Attractiveness exceptionally acceptably neatness/attractivenes
attractive in attractive. s
terms of
design, layout
and neatness.
Presentation of Makes a Makes a Makes a presentation
the Model thorough and presentation that includes an
interesting that includes a incomplete and/or
presentation partial inaccurate explanation
that includes a explanation of of what the model
clear, accurate what the shows about Earth’s
explanation of model shows layers.
what the about Earth’s
model shows layers
about the
earths layer.