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Lecture#3 Network Toplogies

The document provides an overview of network topologies, defining their importance in designing efficient computer networks. It discusses various types of topologies including star, ring, bus, tree, mesh, and hybrid, along with their benefits and drawbacks. The choice of topology is emphasized as crucial, depending on organizational needs, scalability, fault tolerance, and performance.

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12 views

Lecture#3 Network Toplogies

The document provides an overview of network topologies, defining their importance in designing efficient computer networks. It discusses various types of topologies including star, ring, bus, tree, mesh, and hybrid, along with their benefits and drawbacks. The choice of topology is emphasized as crucial, depending on organizational needs, scalability, fault tolerance, and performance.

Uploaded by

areebahfiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Course Code:CSC-217
Course Title: Computer Networks
Introduction to Network Topologies
➢ Network topology refers to the arrangement of different
elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network.

➢ Understanding network topology is crucial for designing


efficient and reliable networks.

➢ This Lecture will explore various topologies, their benefits,


and their drawbacks.
What is Network Topology?
➢ Network topology can be
physical or logical, defining
how devices are
interconnected.

➢ It influences performance,
scalability, and fault
tolerance in networks.

➢ Different applications may


require specific topologies
for optimal functionality.
Types of Network Topologies
➢ There are several main types of network topologies,
including star, ring, bus, mesh, and hybrid.

➢ Each topology has unique characteristics that suit different


networking needs.

➢ The choice of topology affects network performance,


reliability, and maintenance.
Star Topology
➢ In star topology, all nodes are connected to a central hub or
switch.

➢ It simplifies the addition and removal of devices without


disrupting the network.

➢ However, if the central hub fails, the entire network goes


down.
Benefits of Star Topology
➢ Star topology offers ease of
troubleshooting and isolation of
devices.

➢ It scales easily, allowing for the


addition of new nodes without
significant reconfiguration.

➢ The centralized nature allows for


easier management and control of
network resources.
Drawbacks of Star Topology
➢ The dependency on a central hub creates a single point of
failure.

➢ High installation costs can occur due to the extensive cabling


required.

➢ The central device can become a bottleneck if it does not have


sufficient capacity.
Ring Topology
➢ In a ring topology, each
device is connected to two
others, forming a circular
pathway for data.

➢ Data travels in one direction,


reducing the chances of
packet collisions.

➢ However, if one device fails,


it can disrupt the entire
network.
Benefits of Ring Topology
➢ Ring topology can be easier to install and configure than
some other types.

➢ It provides predictable performance, as data packets


travel in one direction.

➢ Troubleshooting can be simpler since data flow is


unidirectional.
Drawbacks of Ring Topology
➢ A failure in any single device can break the entire network's
functionality.

➢ Adding or removing devices requires temporarily disrupting


the network.

➢ The performance can degrade as more devices are added,


due to increased data traffic.
Bus Topology
Bus topology connects all devices
to a single central cable, known
as a bus.

It is one of the simplest and most


cost-effective topologies to
implement.

However, it is prone to collisions,


especially as network traffic
increases.
Benefits of Bus Topology
➢ Bus topology requires less cable than star or ring topologies,
making it cost-effective.

➢ It is easy to set up and requires minimal maintenance.

➢ Adding new devices is straightforward, requiring only a


connection to the bus.
Drawbacks of Bus Topology
➢ If the central bus fails, the entire network goes down.

➢ Performance issues can arise with increased traffic and


more devices.

➢ Troubleshooting can be challenging, as faults can occur


anywhere along the bus.
Tree Topology
➢ A combination of Bus and star
topology.
➢ In tree topology, nodes of the
underlying bus network
topology are replaced with a
complete star topology.
➢ Communication between two
networks.
Tree Topology
➢ A network structures require a root node, intermediate parent
node, and leaf node or a network structures that exhibit three
levels of hierarchy because two levels of hierarchy are already
displayed in the start topology.
Benefits of Tree Topology
➢ A point-to-point wiring to the central hub as each intermediate
node of a tree topology represents a node in the bus topology.
➢ Other hierarchical networks are not affected if one of them gets
damaged.
➢ Easier maintenance and fault findings.
Drawbacks of Tree Topology
➢ Huge cabling is needed.
➢ A lot of maintenance is needed.
➢ Backborn form the point of failure.
Mesh Topology
➢ Mesh topology connects each device to multiple other
devices, ensuring multiple paths for data.

➢ It enhances redundancy and reliability, as there are several


routes for data transmission.

➢ However, it can be complex and expensive to implement


due to extensive cabling.
Benefits of Mesh Topology
➢ Mesh topology provides high fault
tolerance, as failure of one device does
not disrupt the network.

➢ It offers excellent performance, as data


can take multiple paths to the
destination.

➢ Scalability is facilitated, allowing for


easy additions of devices without
affecting network performance.
Drawbacks of Mesh Topology
➢ The complexity of wiring and configuration can be a
significant drawback.

➢ Installation and maintenance costs are typically higher due to


the amount of cabling required.

➢ Managing a large mesh network can become cumbersome and


challenging.
Hybrid Topology
➢ Hybrid topology combines elements of different topologies
to leverage their strengths.

➢ It is adaptable to various organizational needs and can be


designed to avoid the weaknesses of individual topologies.

➢ However, it can become complex and costly to implement


and manage.
Hybrid Topology
Benefits of Hybrid Topology
➢ Flexibility allows for tailored solutions that fit the specific
requirements of a network.

➢ It can provide improved performance and reliability by


blending different topologies.

➢ Hybrid networks can efficiently utilize existing infrastructure


while expanding capabilities.
Drawbacks of Hybrid Topology
➢ The complexity of managing multiple topologies can lead to
increased overhead.

➢ Higher initial setup costs may be involved due to diverse


components.

➢ Troubleshooting can be more difficult due to the varied


nature of connections.
Difference between Tree and Hybrid
Topology
Choosing the Right Topology
➢ The choice of network topology should depend on specific
organizational needs and budget constraints.

➢ Factors to consider include scalability, fault tolerance,


performance, and ease of management.

➢ Assessing both current and future requirements is essential


for making an informed decision.

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