INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT

CLASS IX
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

INTRODUCTION TO AI PROJECT CYCLE

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 OBJECTIVES

• The importance of the AI project cycle.

• To structure the AI problem statement with the
AI project cycle
• Basics of AI Cycle
• The stages in the AI project cycle.

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 AI PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
WRITE
AI project cycle is the life cycle of an AI project.
Project cycle is a step by step process to solve
the problems using proven scientific methods
and drawing the inference about it.

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 COMPONENTS OF PROJECT CYCLE
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 What is AI project cycle mapping?

Mapping the individual steps in an AI project to

the steps in the AI project cycle.

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 Why do we need an AI Project Cycle?

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 THE FIRST STAGE OF
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AI PROJECT CYCLE
PROBLEM SCOPING
Problem scoping is the process by which
we figure out the problem that we need
to solve.

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4Ws PROBLEM SCOPING

The 4Ws Problem Canvas (Who, What, Where, Why) is often used to
analyze the problem comprehensively

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 Who?
"Who" part helps us in What?
comprehending and
"What" part helps us in
categorizing who all are
understanding and
affected directly and
identifying the nature of
WRITE indirectly with the
the problem
problem and who are
called the Stake Holders

Where?
Why?
"Where" does the
"Why" is the given
problem arises, situation
problem worth solving.
and the location.

4Ws Of Problem Scoping

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 Problem Statement Template
The Problem Statement Template is the summary of all
WRITE the key points of one single template. If the same
problem occurs in the future, this template helps to fix it
easily.

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 Problem Scoping
Activity - Brainstorm around the theme and set a goal for the AI project

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 Problem Scoping

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 Problem Scoping

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 Problem Scoping

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 Problem Scoping

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 THE SECOND STAGE OF
AI PROJECT CYCLE
WRITE DATA ACQUISITION
Data Acquisition is the process of collecting accurate and
reliable data for the project.
Data refers to the raw facts or figures. It can be of any form
such as text, video, images, audio etc., and it can be
collected from various source like the internet, journals,
newspapers and so on.

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 Types of Data

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 Types of Data
a. Basic Data
Basic data is classified into two categories:
1. Numeric Data: Mainly used for computation.
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• Discrete Data: Discrete data only contains integer
numeric data. It doesn't have any decimal or fractional value. The
countable data can be considered as discrete data. Eg: 132
customers, 126 Students etc.
• Continuous Data: It represents data with any range.
The uncountable data can be represented in this category.Eg: 10.5
KGS, 100.50 Kms etc.
2. Text Data: mainly used to represent names, collection of
words together, phrases, textual information etc.

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 Types of Data
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b. Structural Classification
The data which is fed in the system can have a specific set of rules can be
considered as structural data.

1. Structured Data: can have a specific pattern or set of rules.

• These data have a simple structure and stores the data in specific forms such
as tabular form. Eg: The cricket scoreboard, school time table, Exam
datasheet etc.

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 WRITE
Types of Data

2. Unstructured Data: doesn't have any specific pattern or constraints as well as

can be stored in any form is known as unstructured data.
• Mostly the data that exists in the world is unstructured data.
• Eg: Videos, Facebook Photos, Dashboard data of any reporting tool.

3. Semi-Structured Data: combination of both structured and unstructured data.

Some data can have a structure like a database whereas some data can have markers
and tags to identify the structure of data.
Eg)digital videos, audio and video files

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 WRITE Types of Data
Other Classification
1. Time-Stamped Data: This structure helps the system to predict the next best
action. It is following a specific time-order to define the sequence. This time
can be the time of data captured or processed or collected.

2. Machine Data: The result or output of a specific program, system or

technology considered as machine data. It consists of data related to a user's
interaction with the system like the user's logged-in session data. , specific
search records, user engagement such as comments, likes and shares etc
3. Spatiotemporal Data: The data which contains information related to
geographical location and time is considered as spatiotemporal data. It
records the location through GPS and time-stamped data where the event is
captured or data is collected.
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 Types of Data
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4. Open Data: It is freely available data for everyone. Anyone can reuse this kind
of data.

5. Real-time Data: The data which is available with the event is considered as
real-time data.

4. Big Data: You may hear this word most often. The data which cannot be stored
by any system or traditional data collection software like DBMS or RDBMS
software can be considered as Big data.

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 Acquiring Data from reliable sources
Data has to identified from reliable and authentic data sources for
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its acquisition.

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 Data sources
➢ Web Scraping means collecting data from web using some
technologies. We use it for monitoring prices, news and etc. Example:
Web Scrapping. using beautiful soup in python
➢ Sensors are very Important but very simple to understand. Sensors are
the part of IoT (Internet of things) Sensors collect the physical data and
detect the changes.
➢ Camera: captures the visual information and then that information which is called image is
used as a source of data. Cameras are used to capture raw visual data.
➢ Observations: When we observe something carefully we get some information For ex:
Scientists Observe creatures to study them. Observations is a time consuming data source.
➢ API: Application Programming interface. API is a messenger which takes requests and tells
the system about requests and gives the response. Ex: Twitter API, Google Search API 6
Surveys: The survey is a method of gathering specific information from a sample of people.
Example, a census survey for analyzing the population.

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 WRITE DATA FEATURES
Data features refer to the type of data COLLECTED.

Data can be either Training or Testing It is further classified as

1.Training Data: Training data refers to the input data fed to the
system with which the machine can be trained.
2.Testing Data: The processed/predicted data obtained as
output is known as testing data.
The previous salary data here is known as Training
Data while the next salary prediction data set is known
as the Testing Data,

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 DATA FEATURES

➢ Extracting private data is considered an offense and should be

avoided.
➢ Government-hosted open-sourced websites are among the most
reliable sources of information.
➢ Some of the open-sourced Govt. portals are: data.gov.in,
india.gov.in

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 THE THIRD STAGE OF
AI PROJECT CYCLE
WRITE DATA EXPLORATION
Data Exploration is the process of
interpreting the acquired data to extract
meaningful information.
It is done by arranging/visualizing the data
for a better understanding.

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 DATA EXPLORATION
THIS STAGE DEALS WITH VERIFICATION OF THE COLLECTED DATA:

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Data Visualization
Data visualization tools are software applications
that render information in a visual format such as a
graph, chart, or heat map for data analysis purposes.
Such tools make it easier to understand and work
with massive amounts of data.

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 WRITE Data Visualization

• Types of Graphical Representation

➢Bar Graph
➢ Pie Chart
➢Line Graph
➢Pictograph
➢Histogram
➢Scatter Plot etc

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 Data Visualization
Types of Graphical Representation
• Bar Graph: This uses either horizontal or vertical bars
to categorize and compare different quantities. The
length or height of the bar corresponds to the value it
represents.
• Pie Chart: This represents data in the form of slices of
a circle, where each slice represents a category. The size
of each slice is proportional to the category it
represents.
• Line Graph: This shows trends over time by
connecting data points with straight lines. It's especially
useful for showing changes over a period and trends.
• Pictograph: This type of graph uses pictures or icons
to represent data values. Each image or icon represents
a specific number or quantity, allowing for an easy-to-
understand visual comparison
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 Data Visualization
Types of Graphical Representation
• Histogram: This is a type of bar graph used to display frequency data. The
bars are adjacent to each other, indicating that the data is in intervals.
• Frequency Distribution: This graphical representation (usually a table or a
graph) shows how often each different value in a set of data occurs.
• Stem and Leaf Plot: This method of data representation organizes data
into a semi-graphical representation that can display large amounts of data,
and allows you to see the distribution and shape of the data set.
• Scatter Plot: This is used for displaying values for two variables for a set of
data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each representing the
value variables plotted on a horizontal and vertical axes.
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 Data Exploration or Visualization Tools

To explore various data

visualisation techniques,
visit this link:

https://datavizcatalogue.
com/

On this website, you will

find various types of
graphical
representations,
flowcharts, hierarchies,
process descriptors, etc.
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 Benefits Of Data Visualisation

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 Activity:
List down 5 new data visualization techniques which you learnt from

Data Visualisation Technique

Name of the Representation

One-line Description

How to draw it

Suitable for which data type?

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 How to select a proper graph?

1.Comparison of Values - Show periodical changes i.e. Bar Chart

2.Comparison of Trends - Show changes over a period of time
i.e. Line Chart
3.Distribution of Data according to categories - Show data
according to category i.e. Histogram
4.Highlight a portion of a whole - Highlight data according to
value i.e. Pie Chart
5.Show the relationship between data - Multiple charts can be
used
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 WRITE
DATA EXPLORATION VS Data Visualization

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THE FOURTH STAGE OF
AI PROJECT CYCLE
MODELLING
As you can see in the Venn Diagram,
Artificial Intelligence is the umbrella
terminology which covers machine and
deep learning under it and Deep
Learning comes under Machine
Learning. It is a funnel type approach
where there are a lot of applications of
AI out of which few are those which
come under ML out of which very few
go into DL.
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 WRITE
Artificial Intelligence

AI refers to any technique that enables

computers to mimic human intelligence.
An artificially intelligent machine works
on algorithms and data fed to it and gives
the desired output.

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Machine Learning
Machine Learning, or ML for short, enables machines to
improve at tasks with
experience.
• The machine here learns from the new data fed to it
while testing and uses it for the next iteration. The
machine learns from its mistakes and takes them into
consideration in the next execution.
• It improvises itself using its own experiences.

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 WRITE
Deep Learning
Deep Learning, or DL for short, enables software to train itself to perform
tasks with vast amounts of data.
In deep learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which
helps it into training itself around the data. Such machines are intelligent
enough to develop algorithms for themselves.

Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial Intelligence out of

these three. Then comes Machine Learning which is intermediately
intelligent and Artificial Intelligence covers all the concepts and
algorithms which, in some way or the other mimic human intelligence.

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 AI vs ML vs DL

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 WRITE MODELLING
• AI Modelling refers to developing algorithms, also called models which can
be trained to get intelligent outputs. That is, writing codes to make a
machine artificially intelligent.
• The graphical representation makes the data understandable for humans as
we can discover trends and patterns out of it.
• But when it comes to machine accessing and analysing data, it needs the
data in the most basic form of numbers (which is binary – 0s and 1s) and
when it comes to discovering patterns and trends in data, the machine goes
for mathematical representations of the same.
• The ability to mathematically describe the relationship between
parameters is the heart of every AI model.
• Thus, whenever we talk about developing AI models, it is the mathematical
approach towards analysing data which we refer to.
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 WRITE MODELLING
AI MODEL

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 WRITE MODELLING
AI MODEL
Rule Based Approach :
• Rule Based Approach Refers to the AI
modelling where the relationship or patterns in
data are defined by the developer.
• The machine follows the rules or instructions
mentioned by the developer, and performs its
task accordingly.
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 Rule Based Approach :

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 WRITE Learning Based Approach
• AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are
not defined by the developer.
• In this approach, random data is fed to the machine and it is
left on the machine to figure out patterns and trends out of it.
• Generally this approach is followed when the data is
unlabeled and too random for a human to make sense out of it.
Thus, the machine looks at the data, tries to extract similar
features out of it and clusters same datasets together.
• In the end as output, the machine tells us about the trends
which it observed in the training data.
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 Learning Based Approach

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 Learning Based Approach
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• For example, suppose you have a dataset of 1000 images of random

stray dogs of your area.
• Now you do not have any clue as to what trend is being followed in
this dataset as you don’t know their breed, or colour or any other
feature.
• Thus, you would put this into a learning approach based AI machine
and the machine would come up with various patterns it has
observed in the features of these 1000 images.
• It might cluster the data on the basis of colour, size, fur style, etc. It
might also come up with some very unusual clustering algorithm
which you might not have even thought of!
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THE FIFTH STAGE OF
AI PROJECT CYCLE
EVALUATION
The stage of testing the models is known as EVALUATION.
OR. Evaluation is a process of understanding the reliability
of any AI model, based on outputs by feeding the test
dataset into the model and comparing it with actual
answers.

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EVALUATION
Once a model has been made and trained, it needs to go through
proper testing so that one can calculate the efficiency and
performance of the model. Hence, the model is tested with the help
of Testing Data (which was separated out of the acquired dataset at
Data Acquisition stage) and the efficiency of the model is calculated
on the basis of the parameters mentioned below:

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 WRITE Model Evaluation Terminologies

•There are various new terminologies

which come into the picture when we
work on evaluating our model. Let’s
explore them with an example of the
Forest fire scenario

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 • The Scenario
• Imagine that you have come up with an AI based
prediction model which has been deployed in a forest
which is prone to forest fires.
• Now, the objective of the model is to predict whether a
forest fire has broken out in the forest or not. Now, to
understand the efficiency of this model, we need to
check if the predictions which it makes are correct or
not.

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There exist two conditions which we need to ponder upon:

➢ Prediction
➢ Reality
The prediction is the output which is given by the machine and
The reality is the real scenario in the forest when the prediction has been
made.
Now let us look at various combinations that we can have with these two
conditions

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 Case 1: Is there a forest fire?

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 Here, we can see in the picture that a forest fire has
broken out in the forest. The model predicts a Yes
which means there is a forest fire.
The Prediction matches with the Reality. Hence, this
condition is termed as True Positive.

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 Case 2: Is there a forest fire?

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 Here there is no fire in the forest hence the reality is
No.
In this case, the machine too has predicted it
correctly as a No. Therefore, this condition is termed
as True Negative.

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 Case 3: Is there a forest fire?

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 Here the reality is that there is no forest fire. But the machine has
incorrectly predicted that there is a forest fire. This case is termed
as False Positive.

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 Case 4: Is there a forest fire?

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 Here, a forest fire has broken out in the forest
because of which the Reality is Yes but the machine
has incorrectly predicted it as a No which means the
machine predicts that there is no Forest Fire.
Therefore, this case becomes False Negative.

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THE SIXTH STAGE OF
AI PROJECT CYCLE
DEPLOYMENT
Deployment as the final stage in the AI project cycle where the AI
model or solution is implemented in a real-world scenario.
Key Steps in Deployment Process
the key steps involved in the deployment process: a. Testing and
validation of the AI model b. Integration of the model with existing
systems c. Monitoring and maintenance of the deployed model.
Some examples of successful AI projects that have been deployed in
various industries, such as self-driving cars, medical diagnosis systems,
and chatbots.
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THE SIXTH STAGE OF
AI PROJECT CYCLE
DEPLOYMENT

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 THANK YOU

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