meaner Mec Computing is a NY goal- it a = ‘Oriented activity requiring benefit from processes or creating ate ian F example, through Computers. Computing includes designing, Pee vorious wa ling hardware and software systems; Us kinds of informati : ion. Doing scientific research on and with c ‘omputers; making computer systems behave intelligently. " developin processing, structuring, and Computing has chai ee basic nged the world more than any other invention of the past hundred . 5 as come to complete nearly all human aims. Yet, we are just at the beginning of com i ‘ the beating revolution; today's computing offers just a glimpse of the potential impact of computing. There are two reasons why everyone should study computing: ¢ Nearly all of the most exciting and important technologies, arts, and sciences of today and tomorrow are driven by computing. ¢ Understanding computing illuminates deep insights and questions into the nature of our minds, our culture, and our universe. 5aae, le, watched a movie, had LASIK with a credit card. None of th the past half centu query to Goog show, shopped . ‘advances in computing over ‘Anyone who used a smart phone, seen a TV possible without the tremendous tee i ‘ompui isi tbe etic about problems and how we understand the Computing chan m 2. Informatics: behaviour interactions, rep . fe, bel Informetics is the study of the stnite. uraliand. engineered Systems. Ith processing, and communication of information i cena notion ithe asta computational, cognitive and social aspects. The vihether by erpaceaea geal Tey cat Oo cn ts of communication, kno Informatics is developing its own fundamental concep’ data, interaction and information, and relating them to such phenomena as Computation thought, and language. cheats fe Priny aspects, and encompasses 2 number of existing a disciplines - Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science and Computer Science. Each takes pay of Informatics as its natural domain: in broad terms, Cognitive Science concerns the study of natural systems; Computer Science concerns the analysis of computation, and design of computing systems; Artificial Intelligence plays a connecting role, designing systems which emulate those found in nature. Informatics also informs and is informed by other disciplines such as Mathematics, Electronics, Biology, Linguistics and Psychology. Thus Informatics Provides a link between disciplines with their own methodologies and perspectives, bringing together a common scientific paradigm, common engineering methods and a major boos from technological development and practical application 5.2 Types of computing: 5.2.1 Cloud computingamples of cloud services is line business applications, Fegrent people. For some, it: sj c tworki = 2c: OtHeTS Use it to masa enal nord ae Stes web mai, it" jetwork and some define pw © QT Gna ferent things of your firewall ne it as any T (information technol igside your rewall "y Come ded over the Inter re! i ; ret or a |Gcacett of cloud computing evoyeq « Piet serve you wee nen | cs) In 2006 Amazon provided fet neu”, 1950 (8M) _practeristics of Cloud Computing: Public cloud aws (A hon ARE emote Job Enty ". On-Demand Self; Seryi : ‘on Web Service) L > Service means | and manage their ans that custome f ? Own computing resources, Sua Organizations) can request 2, Broad Network Access: 3 " Te allows services to b networks, © offered over the Internet or private 3, Resource Pooling: Pooled resources m ea computing resources, usually in remote d; ns that customers draw from a’ pool of 4, Services: It can be scaled larger or Paes f customers are billed accordingly, ee S6s01 SRN Soares eg 5. Agility: Without slowing up with unnecessary processes customer can focus on core business and improve “Time to market” of ideas thus enhancing business agility. 6. Cost: Customers save considerable cost associated with building, maintenance, operating technology etc. Additionally, can redirect traditional capital investment (CapEx) to operating expenditures (OpEx) to grow and increase productivity. 7. Device Independence: Customer can use cloud computing using any web browser (like Internet explorer, Google chrome, apple safari, opera, etc) and on any device (like desktop, tablets, smart phones, etc) without installing any additional software on the client device. 8. Implementation: For fraction © premise solution, customer can g need to purchase hardware, software, implem 9. Innovation: Innovation in Cloud computing NT keep up with the competition and these cost to the customer. sud computing 20 be accessed via your local network or ting needs 20. Location Independence: Clo! an eet ester compu public network giving 2 9"eat deal ess to a computer device and internet i istomer have acct , : dou comping ted ye record time as compared to on- fa cost and in Y there is no et cloud computing off the ground as t entation services, etc. happens faster as the vendor needs to tions are deployed faster with less from virtually anywhere < 0 access. 1. Maintenance: Mainten vendor.Types of Cloud Computing There are four separate types 0} “1, Public Cloud: The whole clou on third party providers like Goose. Ar based on pay-per-use model. But i to malicious attacks. 2. Private Cloud: The purpose of private 5 needs within an organization. This ee within the internal firewall. Every aspect cena the organization and hence ae wi a oan cui oe . Hybrid Cloud: The combination of priv buds fo Oa 5 fe ctsicecen uses the public cloud services along wit pertom lication wea evcae P! Thé computing infrastructure created by a goin 7 |. Com : ned OF 8g organizations having similar security interests. eae, ose a third pany provider can hold the responsibility of managing the clout re . 7 f clouds, Toe infrastructure is fully controlleg d comput he usage of the .d opens for tl h Een hes security and hence the data is p fer ud is to meet the internal computat; ° sae offers more security as it is impl if id implementation is fully controll py Hybrid Cloud Public Cloud + Elasticity Private Cloud + Total Control Community Cloud * Meets shared con + UtiityPricing + Regulation ree competes * Leverage Expertise * Flexibility Just too insecure, In Particular, financial instit 'andover control to the cloud, because they d information, while still saving on infrast tructure wi information moved between the two a COUld still be cosoftwe ple ao involved in the delivery of cloud nism such as a we communicating with each other ‘or loose coupli lessaging queue. Elastic provision implies pling as applied to mechanisms such as these and -e in the use of tight. Fig. 5.2: Cloud Architecture When talking about a cloud computing system, it's helpful to divide it into two sections: the front end and the back end. They connect to each other tl side the computer user, or client, front end includes the client's compute hrough a network, usually the Internet. The front end is the sees, The back end is the “cloud” section of the system. The + (or computer network) and the application required to access the cloud computing system. Not all cloud computing systems have the same user interface. On the back end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage ‘systems that create the cloud" of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system “could include practically any computer program you can imagine, from data processing to ideo games. Usually, each application will have its own dedicated server. ‘A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client demands to ensure thing runs smoothly. It follows 2 set of rules called protocols and uses a special kind of re called middleware. Middleware allows networked computers to communicate with ch other. Most of the time, servers don't run at full capacity. That means there's unused oing to waste. “ 4 lot of clients, there's likely to be a high demand for yrocessing power 9 "i ; uting company has pyecont es es require hundreds of digital storage devices. Cloud mber of storage devices it requires to keep all space. Some ‘compani hese devices, like all computers, occasionally need at least twice the nui stored. That's because t!py of all its clients’ ver to access backup. pies of data as must make 2 COI | ser ble the central se eachable. Making a ‘A cloud computing system "store it on other devices. The copies ena “ fetrieve data that otherwise would be un" called redundancy. q What are some of the applications Service Models The cloud computing service models are: 7 computing? Keep reading to find out, f cloud e.g. Google app Engine; Force.com; Technical IT ae ‘Community %@g. Amazon EC2 & $3 Rackspace; EMC; Sun (Project Caroline); BlueCloud Technical IT ‘Community. Fig. 5.3: Service Models 1. Software as a Service (SaaS): In a Software as a Service model, a pre-made. application, along with any required software, operating system, hardware, and network are provided.SaaS applications are designed for end-users, delivered 0 the web. . 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): In PaaS, an operating system, hardware, and are provided, and the customer installs or develops its owe eh applications. It is the set of tools and services designed to make deploying those applications quick and efficient Visibility to End Users,term need. An example i ort 2 Software that is only to be ee ich a llaboration software for a spect fic project. on . Bae where demand spikes significantly: for example tax or billing Software ug ‘once a month. a troduced to the busines 7 SaaS is widely accepted to have been ' ses ve duct. As one o' Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Pro : Bs aa-thes reont: pega Saat applaalian area, however e-mail, financis ge management have also gotten good"uptake yi surprising that CR’ management, customer service and expen Saas. 2. Platform as a Service(PAAS) i Platform as a Service (PaaS) brings the benefits that SaaS bought for applications, by ‘over to the software development world, PaaS can be defined as @ computing platform that allows the creation of web applications quickly and easily and without the complexity of buying and maintaining the software and infrastructure underneath it. 4 PaaS is analogous to SaaS except that, rather than being software delivered over the it is a platform for the creation of software, delivered over the web. Characteristics of PaaS: 1. Services to develop, tes t, deploy, host and maintain applications in the same integrated development environment. All the varying services needed to ful fil the application development process. 2, Web based user interface creation tools help to create, modify, test and deploy different UI scenarios. 3, Multi-tenant architecture where multiple concurrent users utilize the samé development application. 4. Built in scalability of deployed software including load balancing and failover. 5. Integration with web services and databases via common standards 6. Support for development team collaboration ~ some PaaS solutions include proje* planning and communication tools. 7. Tools to handle billing and subscription management. PaaS, which is similar in many ways to Infrastructure as a Service that will be discuss below, is differentiated from IaaS by the addition of value added services and comes in'¥° distinct flavours. 1. A collaborative platform for software development, focused on i peoenent regardless of the data source being used for the applica eee ratte would be Heroku, a PaaS that utilizes the RubyPaaS is especially useful i as process. It is proving invaluable for RT ane need to interact with the development EE ocmation feta. aistoret a eine an existing data source ~ for example Bt tions which leverage that acts a e muaoerat tool, and want to create Stee ce testing and deployment services ly PaaS is useful where developers wish to The popularity of agile software development, a group of software development methodologies based on iterative and incremental development, will also increase the uptake ‘of PaaS as it eases the difficulties around rapid development and iteration of software. Some examples of PaaS include Google App Engine Microsoft Azure Services, and the Force.com platform. 3. Infrastructure as a Service: Infrastructure as a Service (laaS) is a way of delivering Cloud Computing infrastructure ~ servers, storage, network and operating systems ~ as an ‘on-demand service. Rather than software, datacenter space or network equipment, clients instead buy outsourced service on demand. b-categories that are worth noting. Generally laa can be ture or a combination of the two. “Public cloud” is deployed on a self-service basis purchasing servers, those resources as a fully Within IaaS, there are some sul obtained as public or private infrastruc considered infrastructure that consists of shared resources, ‘over the Internet. By contrast, “private cloud” Is infrastructure that emulates some of Cloud Computing features, like virtualization, but does so on a private network. Additionally, some hosting providers are beginning to offer 2 ‘combination of traditional dedicated hosting alongside public and/ or private cloud Petworks. This combination approach is generally called Hybrid Cloud”. ; i ccs Dee sus sectior sean roe sone sed toma fos cng et vari ; wy includes multiple users 07 2 single ns, SaaS and PaaS, IaaS is a rapidly developing field. That hich describe what laaS is, laaS is generally piece of hardware.Advantages: 1. Lower upfront costs and reduced infrastructure costs. 2. Easy to grow your applications 3. Scale up or down at short notice 4. Only pay for what you use. - 5. Everything managed under SLAs. 6. Overall environmental benefit (lower carbon emissions) of many users effi sharing large systems. Disadvantages: 1. Higher ongoing operating costs. 2. Greater dependency on service providers. 3. Risk of being locked into proprietary or vendor-recommended systems, easily migrate to another system or service provider if you reed to. 4 Uncertainty of producysstem suppor from the cloud supplier 6. Examy deploy multiple types of clouds. Uses of IaaS - TaaS makes sense in a number 0 that Cloud Computing bring. Situations that are Bo" demand is very volatile - any time there are significant spikes and cay © Where der iples of Cloud Computing: the larg FE ; ut there from Q many of aas providers out TE TOT arg sand rackoace to more boutiaue aed IaaS is becoming mo i ine between Paes including the eee, Se ans that help with deployment a ors introduce tools as Pa! ese are closely, related to the ber id the z of situations 3 ularly suitable for Cloud i particul terms of demand on the infrastructure For new organizations without the capital t Where the organization is growing 12} problematic. Where there is pressure on the or to operating expenditure. For specific line of business, trial or temporary infrastructural needs. 0 invest in hardware. idly and scaling hardware ganization to limit capital expenditure and tom Potential privacy and security risks of Putting v which is at unknown location, ° Dependency on a Reliable Internet aluable data on so Connection. ©