Student name:__________

1) The hierarchy of life extends past individual organisms. Which of the following is the correct
sequence, from least inclusive to most inclusive, following an individual organism?
A) population - ecosystem - community - biosphere
B) community - population - ecosystem - biosphere
C) community - population - biosphere - ecosystem
D) population - community - ecosystem - biosphere
E) ecosystem - population - biosphere - community

2) To be considered living, an organism must minimally consist of

A) DNA and proteins.
B) one or more cells.
C) RNA and proteins.
D) atoms and molecules.
E) DNA and RNA.

3) Organisms that make their own food by capturing energy from nonliving resources (solar
energy) are called
A) decomposers.
B) parasites.
C) primary producers.
D) consumers.
E) detritivores.

4) Which of the following is an example of a characteristic of life?

A) Energy is needed to build, regulate, and conduct processes of life.
B) Organisms are composed of atoms that make up cells.
C) Organisms have the ability to reproduce, grow, and develop.
D) Organisms maintain internal constancy.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

5) A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that whereas prokaryotes

A) have cell walls, eukaryotes do not.
B) do not have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleus in their cells.
C) have DNA, eukaryotes only have RNA.
D) have chloropasts for photosynthesis, eukaryotes do not.
E) have mitochondria, eukaryotes do not.

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6) An ecosystem would include all of the following except
A) a community that may include primary producers, consumers, and decomposers.
B) the biosphere, with its resources and functioning systems.
C) populations of organisms in the same species.
D) nonliving air, water, soil, and other components in an area.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

7) Homeostasis means that

A) a population changes over time.
B) environmental conditions are held constant and do not change.
C) cells have enough water.
D) all organisms require an energy source.
E) conditions inside a cell or organism remain within a constant range.

8) Which is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

A) make an observation - analyze results - form hypothesis - draw conclusions - design
an experiment
B) make an observation - analyze results - draw conclusion - design an experiment -
form hypothesis
C) make an observation - form hypothesis - design an experiment - collect data - analyze
results
D) form hypothesis - make an observation - design an experiment - collect data - analyze
results
E) form hypothesis - make an observation - collect data - analyze results - design an
experiment

9) A golfer wants a new set of clubs to improve her game. In an experiment, she tests different
drivers made from different materials. She compares the drivers to the distance of her shot. In
this simple experiment, the independent variable is the
A) wind direction when the experiment took place.
B) distance the golf ball traveled.
C) type of material used to make the golf ball.
D) swing speed of the golf club prior to striking the golf ball.
E) type of material used to make the drivers.

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10) Scientists have developed an ointment to decrease muscle inflammation after intense
workouts or trainings. To test the product, 99 weight lifters are divided into three equal
groups. Group 1 is given the actual ointment, Group 2 is given an inactive ointment that
looks and smells like the active ointment, and Group 3 is not allowed to use any treatment.
Group 2 has been given
A) a placebo.
B) an independent variable.
C) a standardized variable.
D) the active ointment.
E) a control variable.

11) After observing variability among plant and animal species in various locations, Charles
Darwin proposed an explanation for what he saw. The broad proposal included reasons that
species could be modified through genetic variation, leading to measurable similarity and
difference. Evidence for the proposal came from biological, geographic, and geological
observations. His proposal allowed for the prediction of new species that might be found in
new settings, based on environmental conditions. Darwin's proposal is an example of
A) a standardized variable.
B) a theory.
C) an independent variable.
D) a dependent variable.
E) a hypothesis.

12) What is the advantage to the sphinx moth Xanthopan morgani by having an 8-inch-long
tongue?
A) It is used to attract mates through sexual selection.
B) It can only pollinate one type of flower.
C) It makes flying more efficient.
D) It can be used to capture other flying insects for food.
E) It can reach nectar that no other pollinator can reach.

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13) You are feeling ill, so you visit a physician. The physician takes your temperature, blood
pressure, and pulse and orders blood tests and urine analysis to determine more about your
condition. The results of all of these observations and tests will help the physician assess why
your body is temporarily out of "normal" conditions, or when the body is not adequately
A) maintaining homeostasis.
B) evolving.
C) adapting.
D) reproducing.
E) organized.

14) Compared to a glucose molecule, the starch molecule shown here

A) is used for energy storage in plant cells.

B) can provide structure for cells that contain it.
C) is a triglyceride and is composed of fatty acids.
D) is composed of ribose monomers.
E) is a disaccharide.

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15) Given this information from one element in the periodic table of elements, the number of
neutrons plus protons is

A) 14, which is approximately the same as the atomic weight.

B) 7, which is approximately the same as the atomic weight.
C) 14, which is also the atomic number.
D) 7, which is also the atomic number.
E) unable to be determined with the information provided.

16) An ion is an atom that has

A) the same number of electrons as it does protons.
B) a net positive charge.
C) a different number of neutrons from the number of protons.
D) a net negative charge.
E) a net negative or positive charge, with the number of electrons different from the
number of protons.

17) In the element neon, each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell. The atoms of
neon will be
A) highly reactive.
B) not chemically stable.
C) highly likely to combine with other atoms.
D) not inert.
E) chemically stable.

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18) In an ionic bond,
A) two atoms both become strongly electronegative and attract each other.
B) atoms attract each other by sharing electrons to fill their valence shells.
C) atoms, having gained or lost electrons, attract one another with opposite charges.
D) two atoms are attracted by partial positive and negative charges.
E) two atoms are attracted by the same charges.

19) Referring to the ionic bond formation between sodium and chlorine, which of the following
is not a true statement?

A) Na is the chemical symbol for sodium.

B) Chlorine donates an electron.
C) Sodium donates an electron.
D) Sodium becomes positively charged.
E) The bond that is formed is stronger than a hydrogen bond.

20) Evaporation of water is a change of water from

A) a liquid into a vapor.
B) a solid into a vapor.
C) a vapor into a liquid.
D) a vapor into a solid.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

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21) An acid
A) has a value above 7 on the pH scale.
B) is a chemical that takes hydrogen ions from a solution.
C) has a value of 7 on the pH scale.
D) is a chemical that adds hydrogen ions to a solution.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

22) Organic molecules are defined as chemical compounds that contain ______ in distinct ratios
and structures.
A) carbon
B) carbon and oxygen
C) carbon and nitrogen
D) carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
E) carbon and hydrogen

23) In living cells, a process by which cells break polymers down into monomers with the
addition of water is
A) hydrolysis.
B) dehydration synthesis.
C) reproduction.
D) reduction.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

24) Which is not a lipid?

A) a triglyceride
B) a phospholipid
C) a wax
D) a steroid
E) a starch

25) The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acids is

A) a nucleotide.
B) a glucose molecule.
C) a fatty acid.
D) an amino acid.
E) a group of four interconnected rings.

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26) The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are
A) adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil.
B) adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.
C) adenine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil.
D) thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

27) ____ bonds are formed between monomers to form a polymer.

A) Ionic
B) Covalent
C) Hydrogen
D) Hydrophobic
E) Nuclear

28) If a carbohydrate polymer is limited to two monomer units, such as sucrose made from
glucose and fructose, it is called
A) a disaccharide.
B) a polysaccharide.
C) a monosaccharide.
D) an oligosaccharide.
E) a complex carbohydrate.

29) How many hydrogen atoms are in the molecule methane (CH4)?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5
E) 0

30) The primary structural molecule composing a cell membrane is a(n)

A) protein molecule.
B) enzyme molecule.
C) cholesterol molecule.
D) phospholipid molecule.
E) sugar molecule attached to a protein.

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31) Which of the following is not a description of the cell membrane?
A) It is a fluid structure.
B) It is a rigid structure.
C) It is composed of phospholipid molecules.
D) It is a bilayered structure.
E) It is a mosaic structure.

32) A eukaryotic cell

A) has a cell wall with peptidoglycan.
B) is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
C) does not have membrane-bounded organelles.
D) has membrane-bounded organelles.
E) does not usually have a nucleus.

33) The theory of endosymbiosis is based on

A) similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals.
B) evidence from the fossil record.
C) the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals.
D) the experiments in which bacteria were made to grow in plant cells forming
chloroplasts.
E) the observations that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria.

34) Between the specialized functions of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, neither
have the ability to
A) produce mRNA.
B) produce lipids.
C) detoxify poisons.
D) form vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus.
E) produce proteins.

35) Which of the following organelles contain enzymes involved in cellular digestion?
A) lysosomes and chloroplasts
B) peroxisomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) lysosomes and peroxisomes
D) chloroplasts and rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) lysosomes and Golgi apparatus

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36) You have macrophage white blood cells that can respond to injury and infection by moving
to the site of the wound. They can ingest infectious bacteria or viruses, and digest the organic
molecules of what they take in. The digestion organelle they have is the
A) vacuoles.
B) lysosome.
C) peroxisome.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

37) Of the following, which statement is false regarding the characteristics of mitochondria?
A) Mitochondria are involved in extracting energy from food.
B) Mitochondria have two membrane layers.
C) Mitochondria carry out photosynthesis.
D) Mitochondria have cristae.
E) Mitochondria have their own DNA.

38) A cytoskeleton is
A) a structure that aids in the process of cell division.
B) composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
C) found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
D) a system of tracks used for intracellular transport.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

39) A protein channel linking the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells is called a(n) _________
junction.
A) gap
B) anchoring
C) microtubular
D) tight
E) adhering

40) A structure found in cells of all three domains, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is the
A) chloroplast.
B) cilium.
C) mitochondria.
D) cell wall.
E) ribosome.

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41) Eukaryotic cells are 10–100 times the size of prokaryotic cells. How do eukaryotic cells
resolve the surface-area-to-volume limitations that favor smaller cells?
A) None of the biochemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in eukaryotes.
B) They have membrane folding similar to some prokaryotes.
C) They have pumps that move gases and nutrients through the cell.
D) Gases are taken up by active transport.
E) Organelles keep reactions compartmentalized and concentrated.

42) How do vesicles carrying proteins destined for secretion move to the plasma membrane?
A) They swim with cilia.
B) They swim with flagella.
C) along microtubules
D) by diffusion
E) along actin

43) In muscle contraction, ____ and myosin filaments slide across each other.
A) actin
B) tubulin
C) cilia
D) intermediate filaments
E) flagella

44) You are working on a forensics team and collect some cells from a crime scene. The cells are
angular, rigid, and have a cell wall made up of cellulose. This sample most likely came from
a(n)
A) protist.
B) plant.
C) bacterium.
D) animal.
E) fungus.

45) The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1° Celsius
is a
A) calorie.
B) joule.
C) measure of density.
D) kilocalorie.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

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46) Which statement is not part of the first law of thermodynamics?
A) Any energy transformation loses some energy to its surroundings as heat.
B) Energy can be converted to other forms of energy.
C) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
D) The amount of energy in the universe is constant.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

47) Entropy is a measure of

A) complexity.
B) potential energy.
C) order.
D) kinetic energy.
E) disorder.

48) The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is an

A) endergonic reaction in photosynthesis.
B) endergonic reaction in cellular respiration.
C) exergonic reaction in cellular respiration.
D) exergonic reaction in photosynthesis.
E) endergonic or exergonic reaction, depending on the step.

49) The process of phosphorylation

A) may change the shape of the target molecule.
B) may energize the target molecule.
C) removes a phosphate group from a molecule.
D) adds a phosphate group to a molecule.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

50) Enzymes speed chemical reactions by

A) lowering the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
B) maintaining chemical equilibrium.
C) raising the temperature of the surroundings.
D) supplying energy to the reaction process.
E) lowering the amount of reactants that are needed.

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51) Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes occurs
A) when a substance other than the substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
B) by blocking the production of an enzyme.
C) when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
D) when a cofactor, instead of a reactant, binds to the enzyme active site.
E) when the product, instead of the reactant, of a reaction binds to the active site.

52) Simple diffusion

A) cannot occur without a membrane present.
B) moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
C) requires energy.
D) utilizes proteins to move molecules across a membrane.
E) does not require energy.

53) If a cell has a greater concentration of solute than its environment, the cell
A) will not experience a net gain or loss of water.
B) is hypotonic to the environment.
C) is isotonic to the environment.
D) is hypertonic to the environment.
E) will die.

54) Active transport is different from simple diffusion in that active transport
A) requires transport proteins embedded within the cell membrane.
B) moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
C) moves molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher
concentration.
D) requires energy.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

55) Of these membrane transport processes, which do/does not make use of a vesicle?
A) facilitated diffusion
B) phagocytosis
C) osmosis
D) neither osmosis nor facilitated diffusion
E) pinocytosis

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