Unit-I[Computer System Organisation]

Ch-11[List Manipulation]

1. What are lists?

Ans. Lists in Python are ordered collections of
items that can hold elements of different data
types. They are created using square brackets []
and are mutable, meaning elements can be added,
removed, or changed. For example: my_list = [1,
"hello", 3.14].
2. How are lists created?
Ans. Lists in Python are created by placing comma-
separated values within square brackets []. For
example: my_list = [1, 2, 3]. You can also create an
empty list using empty_list = [].
3. What is an empty list?
Ans. An empty list in Python is a list with no
elements. It is created using empty square
brackets []. For example: empty_list = [].
4. What is a long list?
Ans. In Python, a long list refers to a list containing
a large number of elements. There is no fixed
number that defines a "long" list; it's relative to the
context of use. For example: long_list = [1, 2, 3, ...,
1000] could be considered long compared to a
shorter list like [1, 2, 3].
5. What is a nested list?
Ans. A nested list in Python is a list that contains
other lists as its elements. This allows for creating
multi-dimensional lists. For example: nested_list =
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]].
6. How can a list be being accessed?
Ans. A list in Python can be accessed by referring
to its index using square brackets []. The index
starts at 0 for the first element. For example,
my_list[0]

accesses the first element of my_list. Negative

indices can also be used to access elements from
the end of the list, like my_list[-1] for the last
element.
7. Describe length function in lists.
Ans. The len() function in Python is used to find the
number of elements in a list. It returns an integer
representing the total count of items. For example,
len(my_list) would return the number of elements
in my_list.
8. Describe indexing and slicing in lists.
Ans. Indexing in lists allows access to individual
elements using their position in the list. The index
is placed within square brackets [], starting from 0
for the first element. For example, my_list[0]
accesses the first element.
Slicing in lists enables access to a sublist by
specifying a range of indices. The syntax is
list[start:stop:step], where start is the index to
begin, stop is the index to end (not inclusive), and
step is the interval between elements. For
example, my_list[1:4] gets elements from index 1
to 3.
9. Describe membership operator in lists.
Ans. The membership operators in and not in are
used to test whether an element exists within a
list. The in operator returns True if the element is
found in the list, otherwise False. The not in
operator returns True if the element is not found in
the list, otherwise False
10. Describe concatenation and replication
operators in lists.
Ans. Concatenation: The + operator is used to
concatenate, or join, two lists into one. For
example, list1 + list2 results in a new list
containing elements from both list1 and list2.
Replication: The * operator is used to replicate, or
repeat, a list a specified number of times. For
example, list1 * 3 results in a new list with
elements of list1 repeated three times.

11. How are a list being different from a

string?
Ans. Lists and strings differ in several key ways:
 Data types: Lists can contain elements of
different data types (e.g., integers, strings,
floats), while strings contain only characters.
 Mutability: Lists are mutable, meaning their
elements can be changed. Strings are immutable,
so their characters cannot be altered.
12. Describe traversing a list.
Ans. Traversing a list in Python involves accessing
each element of the list one by one, typically using
a loop. The most common way is to use a for loop.
13. How are two lists compared?
Ans. Two lists in Python are compared element by
element using comparison operators like ==, !=,
<, >, <=, and >=. The comparison starts with the
first element of each list and proceeds element by
element.
14. How are two list joined?
Ans. Two lists in Python can be joined using the +
operator. This concatenates the two lists into a
single list.
15. How are two list repeated or replicated?
Ans. Two lists in Python can be replicated using the
* operator. This repeats the elements of the list a
specified number of times.
16. How are lists being sliced?
Ans. Lists in Python are sliced using the colon :
within square brackets []. The syntax is
list[start:stop:step], where start is the index to
begin, stop is the index to end (not inclusive), and
step is the interval between elements. For
example, my_list[1:4] gets elements from index 1
to 3.
17. How to create a true copy of a list?
Ans. A true copy of a list in Python can be created
using the copy() method or by slicing the entire
list. Both methods create a new list that is an exact
copy of the original.
18. Define len() function.
Ans. The len() function in Python is used to
determine the number of elements in a sequence,
such as a list, string, or tuple. It returns an integer
representing the total count of items. For example,
len(my_list) returns the number of elements in
my_list.
19. Define list() function.
Ans. The list() function in Python is used to create
a new list. It can convert other iterable data types
(such as strings, tuples, or sets) into a list.
20. Define index () function.
Ans. The index() function in Python is used to find
the first occurrence of a specified value within a
list. It returns the index of the value if it is found. If
the value is not found, it raises a ValueError.
21. Define append () function.
Ans. The append() function in Python is used to
add a single element to the end of a list. This
function modifies the original list in place.
22. Define extend () function.
Ans. The extend() function in Python is used to add
multiple elements to the end of a list. Unlike
append(), which adds a single element, extend()
takes an iterable (like another list) and adds each
of its elements to the list.

23. Define pop() function.

Ans. The pop() function in Python removes and
returns the last element of a list by default. It
modifies the original list. You can also specify an
index to remove and return an element at that
position.
24. Define remove() function.
Ans. The remove() function in Python is used to
remove the first occurrence of a specified element
from a list. If the element is not found, it raises a
ValueError.
25. Define clear() function.
Ans. The clear() function in Python is used to
remove all elements from a list, resulting in an
empty list. It modifies the original list in place.
26. Define count() function.
Ans. The count() function in Python is used to
count the number of occurrences of a specified
value within a list. It returns an integer
representing the count.
27. Define reverse() function.
Ans. The reverse() function in Python is used to
reverse the order of elements in a list. It modifies
the original list in place.
28. Define sort() function.
Ans. The sort() function in Python is used to sort
the elements of a list in ascending order by
default. It modifies the original list in place. You
can also specify the sorting order by using the
reverse parameter. In this case, the sort() function
sorts the elements of my_list in ascending order,
and with reverse=True, it sorts in descending
order.
29. Define sorted() function.
Ans. The sorted() function in Python is used to
create a new sorted list from an iterable, leaving
the original list unchanged. It returns a new list
with elements sorted in ascending order by
default. You can specify the sorting order by using
the reverse parameter.
30. Define max() function.
Ans. The max() function in Python is used to find
the largest element in an iterable, such as a list,
tuple, or set. It returns the maximum value.
31. Define min() function.
Ans. The min() function in Python is used to find
the smallest element in an iterable, such as a list,
tuple, or set. It returns the minimum value.
32. Define sum() function.
Ans. The sum() function in Python is used to
calculate the total sum of all elements in an
iterable, such as a list or tuple. It returns the sum
as an integer or float.
33. How to append a single element in list?
Ans. To append a single element to a list in Python,
you use the append() method. This method adds
the specified element to the end of the list.
34. How to append a list of elements in list?
Ans. To append a list of elements to another list in
Python, you can use the extend() method. This
method adds each element of the specified list to
the end of the original list.
35. How to insert a single element in list?
Ans. To insert a single element into a list at a
specific position in Python, you use the insert()
method. This method takes two arguments: the
index at which to insert the element and the
element itself.
36. How to modify/update element to list?
Ans. To modify or update an element in a list in
Python, you can assign a new value to a specific
index. This directly changes the element at that
position.
37. How to delete an element using index?
Ans. To delete an element from a list using its
index in Python, you can use the del statement or
the pop() method. Both methods remove the
element at the specified index.
38. How to delete an element using its value?
Ans. To delete an element from a list using its
value in Python, you can use the remove()
function. This function removes the first occurrence
of the specified value from the list.
39. How to delete a sub list from list?
Ans. To delete a sublist (a specific portion) from a
list in Python, you can use slicing with the del
statement. This allows you to specify the start and
end indices of the sublist you want to remove.