HƯỚNG TỚI KÌ THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2025

TỔNG ÔN TRỌNG ĐIỂM DẠNG BÀI

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
Humanoid robots, eminent characters in science fiction novels and sci-fi films, are becoming a
reality. Sophia, as an example, (1) . One month later, she had her premiere in Texas, USA, and
has made multiple public appearances around the world since then. At one such event, Sophia was
granted Saudi Arabian citizenship in October 2017 and even became the first Innovation Champion of
the United Nations Development Programme later that year. During Sophia's trip to Vietnam in 2018,
she addressed the Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo.
Sophia the Robot is the latest humanlike robot created by a Hong Kong-based company
(2) . Undoubtedly, Sophia together with other humanlike robots represents the rapid
advancement in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. (3) .
Sophia's physical appearance is inspired by both the famous actress Audrey Hepburn and the
creator's wife. (4) . But what makes her more lifelike than other robots is the patented artificial
skin called Frubber®, which has the feel and flexibility of human skin.
Sophia amazes the world with her ability to communicate naturally. The Sophia Intelligence
Collective, which is a combination of Al and human input, and other sophisticated perception
techniques enable Sophia to recognise human faces and identify human emotions and gestures.
Equipped with machine learning algorithms, (5) .
(Adapted from Friends Global)
Question 1.
A. of which the activation was launched on Valentine's Day, 2016
B. was first activated on Valentine's Day in 2016
C. that had her first Valentine's activation launched in 2016
D. having been initially activated on Valentine's Day, 2016
Question 2.
A. whose combined efforts in Al research, engineering, and design have given birth to robots
B. succeeded in bringing robots to life by combining research in Al, engineering, and design
C. brought robots to life thanks to its accomplishments in Al research, engineering, and design
D. of which the joint efforts in Al research, engineering, and design in building robots
Question 3.
A. She has been designed to assist humans in healthcare, customer support, and education
B. People in the fields of healthcare, customer service, and education helped create Sophia
C. Intending to aid humans in healthcare, customer support, and education, Sophia was developed
D. The assistance in customer support, education, and healthcare led to the creation of Sophia
 Question 4.
A. Without cameras and microphones working as her eyes and ears, she could hear and see like humans
B. Her eyes and ears work as cameras and microphones so that people can see and hear her
C. She has cameras for eyes and microphones for ears, allowing her to see and hear like a human
D. Using cameras and microphones for eyes and ears, they allow her to see and hear as humans do
Question 5.
A. Sophia can understand human speech and interact with people
B. human speech and interaction are becoming so easy to Sophia
C. the machine can help Sophia speak and interact with humans
D. interaction in speech between Sophia and humans takes place

Read the following passage about a green initiative and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 10.
The EcoSphere Initiative, a groundbreaking project launched in 2015, (6) . Just one year
after its launch, EcoSphere made a significant impact by introducing its first carbon-capturing device
in Paris, France, and has since expanded its operations globally.
The EcoSphere Initiative is led by a global coalition (7) . This collective effort highlights
the rapid advancements in eco-friendly technology and sustainable practices. The primary goal is to
assist communities in reducing their carbon footprint and promoting renewable energy sources.
(8) . Inspired by natural processes, EcoSphere’s devices are equipped with solar panels
and water recycling systems, allowing them to operate independently and efficiently. (9) .
Powered by advanced data analytics, (10) . With these capabilities, EcoSphere plays a
vital role in creating cleaner, healthier environments for future generations.
Question 6.
A. seeking to tackle global warming by using cutting-edge green technology
B. which intends to address global warming with advanced eco-friendly technology
C. whose aim is to fight global warming by exceptional green technology
D. aims to combat global warming through innovative green technology
Question 7.
A. of which a blend of expertise in science, engineering, and policy guiding the mission
B. whose combined expertise in science, engineering, and policy drives the mission
C. has been driven by their shared knowledge in science, engineering, and policy
D. combined expertise in science, engineering, and policy supports the mission
Question 8.
A. Wanting to support farming, energy, and waste, EcoSphere’s technology is built
B. The support of farming, energy, and waste efforts gives birth to EcoSphere’s technology
C. The design of farming, energy, and waste efforts supports EcoSphere’s technology
D. EcoSphere’s technology is designed to support farming, energy, and waste efforts
Question 9.
A. Building to withstand climates, each unit adapts to various environments worldwide
B. Each unit is built to withstand climates, adapting to various environments worldwide
C. Each unit adapts to various environments worldwide so that they withstand climates
D. Instead of withstanding climates, each unit adapts to various environments worldwide
 Question 10.
A. the data helps EcoSphere monitor air quality, track pollution, and optimise resources
B. monitoring air quality, tracking pollution, and optimising resources are easy to EcoSphere
C. EcoSphere can monitor air quality, track pollution, and optimise resources
D. EcoSphere’s ability is monitoring air quality, tracking pollution, and optimising resources

Read the following passage about seawater treatment and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.
Why don't we get our drinking water from the ocean?
If you're stuck at sea and thirsty, drinking seawater might seem like an option, but it's dangerous.
Seawater is much saltier than your blood, (11) , making you more dehydrated. Your kidneys try to
get rid of the extra salt, but they need fresh water to do that. Without enough fresh water, drinking
seawater can lead to salt poisoning, causing serious damage to your cells and organs.
To survive in this situations, you need to find or create a source of freshwater. In the 4th century
BCE, a philosopher described two ways of turning seawater into drinkable water: thermal desalination
and reverse osmosis. Thermal desalination, an ancient method, (12) . Reverse osmosis uses
pressure to push seawater through a membrane that filters out the salt. Both methods are still used today
to make seawater drinkable, though each has its challenges. In terms of their efficiency, reverse osmosis
is more energy-efficient and less wasteful than thermal desalination. (13) .
An alternative source of freshwater is wastewater. Reverse osmosis can purify wastewater more
easily than seawater, as it contains less salt and fewer contaminants. By producing safe, drinkable water
with reduced energy consumption, (14) .
In a survival situation at sea, drinking your urine or eating protein-rich foods is not a good idea, as
it can make you more dehydrated. (15) . In extreme cases, people have resorted to drinking blood
from animals as an emergency hydration source, though this is far from ideal and should only be used if
necessary.
Question 11.
A. their cells are full of many other liquids B. which causes water to leave your cells
C. led water to be removed from your cells D. flowing out of your cells through water
Question 12.
A. whose water production includes seawater heating and vapor conversion
B. having involved two phases: seawater heating and water condensation
C. involves heating seawater to produce vapor and then condensing it into water
D. of which the process focuses on heating seawater and turning vapor into water
Question 13.
A. This results in the choice of thermal desalination as the primary technique used worldwide
B. This explains why reverse osmosis offers higher energy costs and better water quality
C. This requires humans to use more natural resources to ensure cleaner and drinkable water
D. This makes reverse osmosis the preferred choice for most desalination plants in the world
Question 14.
A. time and resources are distributed in an organized manner
B. this recycling process tends to be more complex and costly
C. future desalination could rely on wastewater as a reliable source
D. wastewater recycling becomes a promising solution to water scarcity
Question 15.
A. Without saving your body's water supply and focusing on finding fresh water sources, you could
survive in this circumstance
B. In this situation, conserving your body's water supply and focusing on finding freshwater sources are
key to long- term survival
C. In this condition, your body's water supply and fresh water sources play an insignificant role in
determining your survival
D. Storing your body's water supply and focusing on finding fresh water sources also makes you feel
more dehydrated in this context

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 16 to 20.
In 2022, an ambitious environmental project aimed at combating deforestation (16) ,a
region that has been severely impacted by illegal logging and agricultural expansion. The project, which
was a massive step in the global fight against climate change, targeted the restoration of vast areas of
destroyed forest, aiming to plant over one million trees. At that time, (17) .
Having decided to employ advanced AI systems for the project, (18) . These sensors,
which track changes in soil moisture and temperature, allow the team to adjust irrigation systems
accordingly, ensuring the best conditions for tree growth. By maintaining a favourable environment for
plant and animal life, (19)
Beyond simply gathering data, the AI systems also interact with the ecosystem, supporting
sustainable growth in the long term. The information (22) provides valuable insights,
contributing to further research on ecological restoration. As a result, this project not only helps restore
the ecological balance of the Amazon but also sets an example for future efforts to mitigate climate
change worldwide.
Question 16:
A. was launched in the Amazon rainforest
B. that was launched in the Amazon rainforest
C. scientists launched it in the Amazon rainforest
D. having been launched in the Amazon rainforest
Question 17:
A. endangered animals were facing habitat loss due to widespread deforestation and wildfires
B. it received widespread recognition and support from environmental activists and organisations
C. the disappearance of some important species disrupted the delicate balance of the ecosystem
D. it met with opposition from local residents because they believed it would affect the environment
Question 18:
A. environmental conditions were monitored by scientists who used sensors
B. sensors were helpful for scientists to monitor environmental conditions
C. there were sensors which helped monitor environmental changes in conditions
D. scientists integrated sensors that continuously monitor environmental conditions
Question 19:
A. animals and plants may require more resources to survive in harsh conditions
B. the reforestation process might become more challenging for scientists and researchers
C. AI technology greatly enhances the efficiency of the reforestation process
D. the ecosystem may face various challenges that slow down the restoration process
Question 20:
A. collected by the sensors and sent to scientists
B. which collecting by the sensors and sending it to scientists
C. collecting sensors’ data and sending it to scientists
D. that is the collection of data by the sensors, sending it to scientists

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.
Festivals play a significant role in connecting people and promoting culture. These events, which
are celebrated worldwide, (21) . Through music, food, and traditions, festivals help bridge
cultural gaps, fostering a sense of unity among individuals who might otherwise never meet.
(22) . By showcasing traditional dances, rituals, and foods, festivals allow people to
experience and learn about different cultures firsthand. During festivals like the Lunar New Year in
Asia, for instance, (23) , which allows them to connect deeply with their roots.
Offering an opportunity for people to express creativity and joy, (24) . The vibrant
decorations, lively performances, and energetic parades make festivals unforgettable experiences for all
attendees. Whether they are religious, national, or seasonal events, festivals bring people closer together,
(25) .
Question 21:
A. bringing a vital connection between people and cultural backgrounds worldwide
B. offering people the chance to gather, celebrate, and express their joy in a unique way
C. give a chance for people from various backgrounds to come together and share joyful moments
D. whose purpose is to connect people globally, celebrating and preserving shared traditions
Question 22:
A. Another interesting aspect of festivals is their ability to attract tourism and boost local economies
B. Many festivals also focus on environmental conservation, highlighting the importance of nature
C. One major benefit of festivals is their impact on preserving and promoting cultural heritage
D. Festivals offer opportunities for artists to showcase their talents and gain public recognition
Question 23:
A. people contribute funds for community services that support cultural programs
B. individuals engage in activities that support public projects for societal development
C. people participate in ceremonies that have been passed down for generations
D. the community gathers resources for initiatives that benefit social programs
Question 24:
A. individuals engage in projects enhancing the public spirit
B. communities promote programs to enrich social values
C. festivals are also essential elements for a fulfilling life
D. organizations work on initiatives to improve social connections
 Question 25:
A. creates opportunities for shared activities and public gatherings
B. and thereby enhancing cooperation within various community-based initiatives
C. building a community spirit that endures even beyond the celebration itself
D. that fosters unity through participation in local cultural programs

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
Inadequate sleep and irregular sleep patterns can have severe consequences on both physical and mental
health. People who do not get enough rest at night often suffer from fatigue, (26) . This
disruption of the natural circadian rhythms increases stress levels and can lead to mood swings, making
it harder for individuals to maintain their daily activities effectively. Furthermore, (27) , which
further exacerbates the negative effects on overall well-being.
(28) , studies have shown that it is not an effective solution. Although naps may provide
a temporary energy boost, they cannot replicate the deep, restorative sleep that occurs during the night.
Helping to repair and rejuvenate the body’s cells, tissues, and brain functions, (29) .
Over time, chronic sleep deprivation can lead to long-term health problems, including heart
disease, obesity, and a weakened immune system. Therefore, (30) . Only by following a
consistent sleep schedule can individuals safeguard their health in the long run.
Question 26:
A. this may affect the function of cognition and remembering
B. which affects their cognitive function and impairs memory
C. it affects their ways of cognition and remembering things
D. and affects cognitive function and impairs memory
Question 27:
A. not getting enough sleep affecting the body's ability to heal
B. our body with the ability to restore itself with enough sleep
C. that a person who doesn't get enough sleep has difficulty recovering
D. without proper sleep, the body is unable to restore itself
Question 28:
A. Napping during daytime is often believed to be able to compensate for lack of sleep
B. Some people believe that they can sleep less at night if they catch up on sleep during the day
C. While some believe that napping during the day can compensate for lost sleep
D. When someone is sleep deprived, they will make up for it during the day
Question 29:
A. scientists advise that we should get enough sleep to ensure mental health
B. this deep sleep is vital for the body’s recovery and mental clarity
C. people who get enough sleep will ensure mental clarity and physical strength
D. lack of sleep will negatively affect not only your mind but also your body
Question 30:
A. it is crucial to prioritise good sleep hygiene and ensure adequate rest each night
B. learning about sleep science opens up new insights into our health
C. lack of sleep will affect our studies and work the next day and in the long run
D. bad habits like staying up late or waking up late can have long-term effects on our thinking
Read the following passage about humanoid robots and mark the letter A, B, Car D on year or she to
indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35
International organizations, (31) , bring countries together to solve shared problems.
These organizations work on issues like poverty, health, and climate change, creating policies that
benefit people worldwide. The United Nations (32) . It is one of the most influential organizations
in the world.
Focusing on global challenges, international organizations often provide aid and expertise to
countries in need. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO), which is responsible for public
health, helps combat diseases by providing vaccines and sharing knowledge. (33) , such
organizations have improved the lives of millions.
Another example is the World Bank, whose mission is to reduce poverty and support economic
development. It funds projects in developing countries, (34) . Countries receiving these funds
often achieve better living standards over time.
(35) . Bringing nations together, they foster dialogue and collaboration. These efforts,
while not perfect, remain essential for addressing global issues.
Question 31.
A. which play a vital role in global cooperation
B. played a vital role in global cooperation
C. play a vital role in global cooperation
D. that play a vital role in global cooperation
Question 32.
A. which was founded in 1945 B. found in 1945
C. founded in 1945 D. was founded in 1945
Question 33.
A. To have worked tirelessly B. Having been worked tirelessly
C. Having worked tirelessly D. Worked tirelessly
Question 34.
A. to help improve infrastructure and education.
B. help improve infrastructure and education
C. helped improve infrastructure and education
D. helping improve infrastructure and education
Question 35.
A. Because they face criticism, international organizations still continue to work for a more peaceful and
prosperous world
B. Since they face criticism, international organizations still continue to work for a more peaceful and
prosperous world
C. When they face criticism, international organizations still continue to work for a more peaceful and
prosperous world
D. Although they face criticism, international organizations still continue to work for a more peaceful and
prosperous world
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
Plastic is a material that has become an essential part of modern life. However, the widespread
use of plastic has created a serious environmental problem. Many plastic items (36) . This leads to
pollution in our oceans, landfills, and cities, posing a threat to wildlife and human health. Despite these
issues, there are several ways we can go green with plastic and reduce its harmful impact.
One of the most effective ways to go green with plastic is by reducing our consumption of
single- use plastic. Instead, we should use reusable alternatives, such as metal straws, cloth bags, and
bamboo utensils. (37)
Recycling plastic is another key aspect of going green. Plastic materials (38) . This
process helps conserve resources, reduces energy consumption, and keeps plastic out of the
environment. Many communities now also have recycling programs where people can drop off their
plastic waste for processing.
Another great way to go green with plastic is by supporting products made from recycled plastic.
Companies are increasingly producing goods like clothing, furniture, and even construction materials
from recycled plastic. (39) .
In conclusion, going green with plastic involves reducing, recycling, and reusing. By making
small but meaningful changes in our daily habits, (40) . Whether it's cutting down on single-use plastic
or supporting companies that use recycled materials, every action counts in the fight to protect the
planet. Question 36.
A. are discarded after a single use and take hundreds of years to decompose completely
B. which are thrown away after being used once and they decompose over a long period
C. that is often thrown away in the landfills where it takes a long time to break down
D. having been discarded carelessly and often take centuries to decompose thoroughly
Question 37.
A. Over time, these small yet consistent actions can lead to substantial environmental improvements,
ensuring a healthier and more sustainable planet for generations to come.
B. The production of reusable alternatives like metal straws and cloth bags requires more resources than
single-use plastics, increasing their environmental impact during manufacturing.
C. We can significantly contribute to environmental pollution by throwing away all reusable alternatives,
as they take up léss space in landfills compared to single-use plastics.
D. In some situations, single-use plastics are more hygienic and practical, such as in medical or
emergency settings where contamination risks are high.
Question 38.
A. which the waste can transform into new products minimize the reliance on producing virgin plastic
materials.
B. that are properly recycled can be reprocessed and transformed into a wide variety of new products.
C. are properly recycled to become new products help to reduce the demand for additional plastic
materials.
D. can be turned into new goods decrease the need for manufacturing fresh plastic materials.
Question 39.
A. Plastic production helps reduce the demand for these products so plastic may be the most appealing
choice for eco-conscious consumers.
B. These products provide an eco-friendly option but do not have a significant impact on new plastic
production demand
C. These items help reduce the demand for new plastic production and provide an eco-friendly option for
consumers.
D. These sustainable items help reduce the need for new plastic production, yet their impact may be
limited.
Question 40.
A. small changes in daily life can contribute to lowering plastic's environmental impact, while helping to
reduce its harm to ecosystems and wildlife.
B. we can significantly reduce the environmental impact of plastic and help mitigate its harmful effects
on ecosystems, wildlife, and natural resources
C. the environment can benefit greatly from efforts to reduce plastic use and its effects on ecosystems,
wildlife, and natural resources.
D. their efforts can be key in reducing plastic's effects on ecosystems, wildlife, and natural resources,
while also lowering the environmental footprint.

Read the following passage about peer pressure and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45.
Peer pressure is a powerful influence that affects people of all ages, especially teenagers. In
many cases, a person, driven by the need for acceptance, makes choices they wouldn’t otherwise
consider. Friends, social expectations, and the desire to fit in often (41) . While peer pressure can
sometimes have positive effects, such as encouraging hard work or teamwork, it often leads to risky
decisions. Understanding how to resist negative influences is crucial for maintaining self-confidence
and personal integrity.
Those who struggle with peer pressure often find it difficult to say no, fearing rejection or
judgement. Many young people, (42) , may engage in activities that make them
uncomfortable. Whether it involves underage drinking, skipping school, or taking unnecessary risks, the
pressure to conform can be overwhelming. Recognising these situations and having the confidence to
make independent choices is essential. Influenced by the opinions of others, (43) .
Mistakes are often made under pressure, and their consequences can be long-lasting. (44)
. However, overcoming peer pressure strengthens decision-making skills and builds
resilience. Developing self-awareness and confidence allows people to stand by their values, preventing
future regrets.
Resisting peer pressure requires a strong sense of self and the ability to make choices
independently. Learning to recognise harmful influences and avoiding them leads to greater emotional
well-being, reducing anxiety and stress. (45) .
Question 41.
A. which pressure people into actions that conflict with their true values
B. push individuals to do things that go against their true values
C. influencing individuals to act in ways that don’t align with their beliefs
D. of which the pressure to make choices that go against their beliefs is great
Question 42.
A. whose efforts to gain acceptance from their peers B. wanted to be recognised by their peers
C. looked for validation from their peers D. who seek approval from their peers
Question 43.
A. peer pressure can lead to a loss of personal identity
B. there is a decline in self-identity among people
C. individuals may begin to lose their sense of identity
D. their sense of identity starts to fade under strong peer pressure
Question 44.
A. Individuals experiencing regret and guilt in some cases often resort to serious harm
B. Causing serious harm, individuals often feel regret and guilt in some cases
C. Serious harm in some cases often causes regret and guilt among individuals
D. In some cases, serious harm is caused, leaving individuals with regret and guilt
Question 45.
A. But for positive influences, individuals would feel supported in their decisions
B. Positive influences are surrounded by individuals, supporting them in their decisions
C. Being around positive influences helps individuals feel supported in their decisions
D. Individuals should accept positive influences so that they support others in their decisions

Read the following passage about a conservation programme and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 46 to 50.
Started in 1992, the Sea Turtle Conservation Programme, a global initiative, (46) . These
turtles, whose numbers have been declining rapidly, face threats like pollution, climate change, and
illegal hunting.
Having raised awareness about the dangers turtles face, (47) . Nesting beaches are
cleaned and protected to ensure turtles can lay their eggs safely. In many areas, eggs are collected and
carefully relocated to hatcheries, where they are kept safe from predators. Artificial lighting near
beaches, which confuses hatchlings, is adjusted or removed.
(48) . Local fishermen are trained to use tools that prevent turtles from getting caught
in their fishing nets. These efforts, however, face challenges like limited funding and human activities
affecting turtle habitats.
Volunteers, (49) , play a big role in the programme’s success. They help monitor nests,
rescue injured turtles, and release hatchlings into the sea. This inspiring work has brought hope to sea
turtles and people working to save them.
By protecting sea turtles, (50) . The programme reminds us of the importance of
conserving nature for future generations.
Question 46.
A. that focuses on protecting vulnerable sea turtles and their breeding grounds
B. aims to protect endangered sea turtles and their habitats
C. having tried to protect both sea turtles and their natural habitats
D. of which the focus is on protecting sea turtles and their habitats
Question 47.
A. many individuals have begun to take actions
B. saving them is one of the highlights of the programme
C. immediate actions should be taken to save them
D. the programme focuses on key actions to save them
Question 48.
A. The education programme about sea turtle conservation was also started by communities
B. The programme also has communities educated about sea turtle conservation
C. Educating about sea turtle conservation, communities have also launched the programme
D. Communities also introduced the programme to educate about sea turtle conservation
Question 49.
A. whose dedication has been vital B. made a collaborative effort
C. to whom the role of commitment D. participated in a joint effort
Question 50.
A. we are also helping marine ecosystems stay balanced
B. tourists often disturb the delicate balance of marine ecosystems
C. maintaining a good balance of marine ecosystems is hard
D. marine ecosystems have fallen prey to mass tourism