Three-winding Transformer
Definition: Sometimes in high rating transformer, the third winding is constructed in addition to the
primary and the secondary windings. The third winding is called the tertiary winding, and because of the
three windings, the transformer is called the three winding transformer.
The voltage ratings of all the three windings of the transformer are usually unequal.The primary winding
has the highest voltage rating; the tertiary has the lowest voltage rating, and the secondary has the
intermediate voltage rating.
The chief advantages of the three winding transformers is an economy of construction and their great
efficiency. The schematic diagram of a three-phase transformer is shown in the figure below.
For an ideal transformer,
The most significant advantage of the third winding is are that the harmonic
generated by the primary and secondary winding extinguish by the third winding. The third winding is
connected in delta.
The voltage of the tertiary winding differs than the primary and secondary winding. Thus, it is used for
supplying the power to the auxiliary appliances like the fan, tube light, etc. of the substations. The tertiary
winding is used for following applications.
The reactive power is supplied to the substations with the help of the tertiary winding.
The tertiary winding reduces the impedance of the circuit so that the fault current easily passes to
the ground.
It is used for testing the high rating transformer.
Equivalent Circuit of a Three Winding Transformer
The equivalent circuit diagram of the three-phase transformer is shown in the figure. Consider the R1,
R2 and R3 are the resistance and the X1, X2 and X3 are the impedance of their windings.
The V1, V2, V3 are the
voltages and the I1, I2, I3 are current flows through their windings.
Determination of Parameters of Three-Windings Transformers
The parameters of the equivalent circuit can be determined from the open circuit and the three short-
circuit tests.
Short Circuit Test
Consider the Z1, Z2 and Z3 are the impedances of the three winding transformers. These impedances are
considered as the base for performing the short circuit test. For the short-circuit test, the two winding is
short circuit and the third winding is kept open.
In the first step, consider the winding 1 and 2 are short-circuited. The low voltage winding is applied to the
winding 1 due to which the full load current flows through the winding 2. The Z12 indicates the impedance
of winding 1 and 2 and it measured as
Equivalent resistance,
Equivalent leakage reactance,
The Z12 is the series combination of Z1 and Z2 respectively,
In the second step, the third
winding is short-circuited with the second winding and the first winding is kept open. The low voltage
source is applied across the third winding so that the full load current flows through the second winding.
The Z23 represents the impedance of the winding 2 and 3 and the below equation expresses it
In the third step, the second winding is opened and first and third winding are short-
circuited. The low voltage is supplied to the third winding, and full load current flows through the first
windings. The Z13 is the impedance of the first and third winding.
Solving equation (1), (2) and (3) we get the
leakage impedance Z1, Z2 and Z3 all referred to as primary,
Open-Circuit Test
The open circuit test is carried out to determine the core loss, magnetising impedance and turn ratios. In
open circuit test the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter are connected in low voltage winding. The
secondary side is kept open, and the voltmeter is connected.
Since the high voltage side is opened the current drawn by the primary is no load current and I0 measured
by the ammeter A. The magnetising impedance may be found by exciting current winding 1 with both
winding 2 and 3 be open circuit. Then we have,
The voltage regulation of a three-winding transformer is defined as the ratio of the
magnitude of the actual kVA loading of the winding to the base kVA used in determining the network
parameters.
hree-winding transformers are sometimes specified on datasheets with separate
impedances for the primary (P) winding, the secondary (S) winding and the tertiary (T)
winding. These may appear on your datasheet as ZP, ZS and ZT respectively.
However, power systems studies require this information to be expressed in a different
way. When entering transformer impedance data, the required values are ZPS, ZPT and
ZST. Why is this and how do I convert the information from one form to another?
(Left): Screenshot from PTW.
In the background is a three-winding transformer that has been created in the "One-
Line" screen; in the foreground is the "Component Editor" screen where the transformer
impedance data is entered.
Transformer equivalent circuit:
The 3-winding transformer equivalent circuit consists of three impedances connected in
star formation. These represent the impedances of the primary, secondary and tertiary
windings.
(Right): Equivalent impedance circuit.
From this we can see that, for example, the primary impedance ZP is the impedance
between points A and B.
The primary-secondary impedance (ZPS) is the impedance between points A and C
We can therefore derive six formulae to calculate the transformer equivalent
impedances:
1. Primary-secondary impedance, ZPS = ZP + ZS
2. Primary-tertiary impedance, ZPT = ZP + ZT
3. Secondary-tertiary impedance, ZST = ZS + ZT
4. Primary impedance, ZP = ( ZPS + ZPT - ZST ) / 2
5. Secondary impedance, ZS = ZPS - ZP
6. Tertiary impedance, ZT = ZPT - ZP
The first three formulae may be used to calculate the impedances for entering into PTW
(if only primary, secondary and tertiary impedance data has been provided). Formulae
4, 5, and 6 are provided for information only.
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IndiaMART > Laboratory & Lab Equipment > Engineering Laboratory
Equipment > Electrical Lab Equipment
Equivalent Circuit Of A 3 Winding
Transformer
₹ 99,000/Unit
Submit Requirement
Usage/Application Laboratory
Brand DEH
Model Name/Number PS35
Country of Origin Made in India
Determination of Equivalent circuit of a 3 Winding Transformer.
Consists of a Panel Closed type with front Hylam sheet.
Panel size 2ft ht x 4 ft wd x 200mm depth.
MCB for Switching on with Indications and BTI – 30 terminals for
Connections.
3phase 3 winding Transformer, capacity: 2KVA--------- 1no
Primary - 400 volts in Star.
Secondary -- 200 volts in Star,
Tertiary -- 80 volts in Delta,
Metering : 200VAC, 20AAC, Analog/Digital Wattmeter's 150V/5 amps --- 2nos.
3 Phase Auto Transformer Closed type 8 amps – 1no.
User Manual & Patch cords.
