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Adeel Javed, Anum Sundrani, Nadia Malik and Sidney Madison Prescott

Robotic Process Automation using

UiPath StudioX
A Citizen Developer’s Guide to Hyperautomation
1st ed.
Adeel Javed
Lake Zurich, IL, USA

Anum Sundrani
Chicago, IL, USA

Nadia Malik
Austin, TX, USA

Sidney Madison Prescott

New York, NY, USA

Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the

author in this book is available to readers on GitHub via the book’s
product page, located at www.​apress.​com/​978-1-4842-6793-6. For
more detailed information, please visit http://​www.​apress.​com/​
source-code.

ISBN 978-1-4842-6793-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4842-6794-3

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6794-3

© Adeel Javed, Anum Sundrani, Nadia Malik, Sidney Madison Prescott

2021

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the

Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other
physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks,

service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general
use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the
advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate
at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the
material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have
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claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business

Media New York, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013.
Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-
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Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc). SSBM
Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation.
To my daughter Alaia, the light of my life.
—Adeel
To my father Ahmed and my family, for the invaluable support and
inspiration.
—Anum
To my father, for always loving and mentoring me.
—Nadia
To my siblings, I’m forever blessed to be your big sister. And to that little
girl with the big glasses, keep dreaming and achieving.
—Sidney
Acknowledgments
Thank you to Andrew Hall, Brandon Nott, Corneliu Niculite, Cosmin
Voicu, Ovidiu Ponoran, Robert Love, Teodora Baciu, and Tom Merkle
from the UiPath Team for providing valuable feedback.
Thank you to Rayudu Addagarla for agreeing to become a technical
reviewer for our book and executing all the exercises to ensure
accuracy.
Thank you to Natalie Pao and Jessica Vakili, our editors at Apress,
for guiding us through the entire publishing process.
Table of Contents
Part I: Overview
Chapter 1:​Robotic Process Automation:​Overview
Return on Investment (ROI)
Automation Types
UiPath StudioX
Chapter 2:​UiPath StudioX
Learning Objectives
System Requirements
Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
Installation and Setup
Register
Download
Install
Interface Overview
Home
Design View
Project Workspace
Part II: Building Blocks
Chapter 3:​Common Concepts
Learning Objectives
Notebook
Default Notebook
Custom Notebook
Activity Inputs
 Activity Outputs
Common Properties
Common Activities
Write Line
Message Box
Input Dialog
Modify Text
Text to Left/​Right
Delay
If
Switch
Repeat Number Of Times
Skip Current
Exit Loop
Get Username/​Password
Get Orchestrator Asset
Save For Later
Wait for Download
Group
Chapter 4:​UI Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
Activities Reference
Use Application/​Browser
Go To URL
Navigate Browser
 Highlight
Take Screenshot
Check App State
Click
Type Into
Select Item
Check/​Uncheck
Get Text
Get Attribute
Extract Table Data
Hover
Keyboard Shortcuts
Get Active Window
Maximize Window
Minimize Window
Hide Window
Restore Window
Move Window
App/​Web Recorder
Chapter 5:​Mail Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
Desktop Outlook Setup
File System Structure
Activities Reference
Use Desktop Outlook App
 Use Outlook 365
Use Gmail
For Each Email
Mark Email As Read/​Unread
Forward Email
Save Email Attachments
Save Email
Send Email
Send Calendar Invite
Move Email
Reply to Email
Archive Email
Delete Email
Chapter 6:​Word Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
Word Setup
File System Structure
Activities Reference
Use Word File
Save Document As
Read Text
Set Bookmark Content
Replace Text in Document
Append Text
Insert DataTable in Document
 Replace Picture
Add Picture
Save Document as PDF
Chapter 7:​Excel Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
Activities Reference
Use Excel File
Insert Sheet
Rename Sheet
Duplicate Sheet
Delete Sheet
For Each Excel Sheet
Insert Column
Text To Columns
Delete Column
Insert Rows
Delete Rows
Find First/​Last Data Row
For Each Excel Row
Write Cell
Create Pivot Table
Format as Table
Change Pivot Data Source
Refresh Pivot Table
Append Range
 Copy Range
Clear Sheet/​Range/​Table
Sort Range
Auto Fill
Fill Range
Write Range
Read Cell Formula
Read Cell Value
Format Cells
Export to CSV
Save Excel File
Save Excel File As
Save Excel File As PDF
VLookup
Filter
Run Spreadsheet Macro
Chapter 8:​CSV Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
Activities Reference
Write CSV
Append To CSV
Read CSV
Chapter 9:​File Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
 Activities Reference
Get Folder Info
Folder Exists
Create Folder
Delete Folder
Copy Folder
Move Folder
For Each File In Folder
Compress/​Zip Files
Extract/​Unzip Files
Get File Info
File Exists
Create File
Delete File
Copy File
Move File
Write Text File
Append Line
Read Text File
Chapter 10:​Presentation Automation
Learning Objectives
Sample Overview
File System Structure
Activities Reference
Use PowerPoint Presentation
Copy Paste Slide
 Delete Slide
Add New Slide
Replace Text in Presentation
Add Text to Slide
Add Data Table to Slide
Add Image/​Video to Slide
Add File to Slide
Run Presentation Macro
Save PowerPoint File As
Save Presentation as PDF
Part III: Prototypes
Chapter 11:​Product Data Entry Automation
Learning Objectives
Manual Task Overview
Solution Design
Initialize
Process Emails
Enter Data
Send Confirmation
Implementation
Step 1:​Setup
Step 2:​Create Project
Step 3:​Setup Project Notebook
Step 4:​Check Folder Structure Exists
Step 5:​Create New Folders
Step 6:​Process Emails
 Step 7:​Save Email Details for Confirmation
Step 8:​Launch Inventory Management App
Step 9:​Fetch All Downloaded Files
Step 10:​Insert Processing Status Column
Step 11:​Enter Data &​Update Status For Each Row
Step 12:​Move File to Processed Folder
Step 13:​Send Confirmation Emails
Test
Chapter 12:​Invoice Generation Automation
Learning Objectives
Manual Process Overview
Solution Design
Implementation
Step 1:​Setup
Step 2:​Create Project
Step 3:​Set Up Project Notebook
Step 4:​Initialize
Step 5:​Generate Invoices
Step 6:​Extract &​Process All Orders
Step 7:​Filter Orders w/​Pending Invoices
Step 8:​Extract Orders Table Data
Step 9:​Process All Orders
Step 10:​Generate Invoice Number
Step 11:​Create Order Details Excel Copy
Step 12:​Create Invoice Template Copy
Step 13:​Extract Order Details &​Generate Invoice
 Step 14:​Extract Order Details Table Data
Step 15:​Generate Invoice for Current Order
Step 16:​Mark Purchase Order as Processed
Step 17:​Delete Temporary Order Details Excel
Test
Index
About the Authors
Adeel Javed
is an intelligent automation architect, an author, and a speaker. He helps
organizations automate work using low-code, business process
management (BPM), robotic process automation (RPA), analytics,
integrations, and ML. He loves exploring new technologies and writing
about them. He published his first book, Building Arduino Projects for
the Internet of Things, with Apress back in 2015. He shares his thoughts
on various technology trends on his personal blog (adeeljaved.com).

Anum Sundrani
is a business systems analyst and technology enthusiast who
specializes in business process management and robotic process
automation. Anum is a Certified Appian Analyst, Tableau Author, Six
Sigma Green Belt, and Scrum Master, alongside her several trainings in
the areas of RPA development and the automation delivery life cycle.
She has an inquisitive eye for simplifying complex business processes
and has focused on implementing automation solutions for business
users since 2017.

Nadia Malik
is a presales engineer with a background in software development. She
started her journey as a software engineer at IBM developing cloud
storage applications and then joined the UiPath rocketship in June of
2018 helping in designing, implementing, and providing training to
customers in robotic process automation. Today, she continues to
evangelize RPA and mentor young women in STEM.

Sidney Madison Prescott

is a senior technology leader, keynote speaker, and robotics evangelist
specializing in the creation of Robotic Process Automation Centers of
Excellence for Fortune 500 companies. Sidney currently heads up the
Global Intelligent Automation initiative at the music streaming
powerhouse Spotify. In addition to her enterprise technology expertise,
Sidney is an executive board member for three global nonprofit
organizations, where she contributes valuable automation insights to
enhance overall program objectives. To round out her career accolades,
Sidney was also named a global recipient of the 2020 Top 50
Technology Visionaries award.
About the Technical Reviewer
Rayudu Addagarla
has 20 years of experience in web/mobile application development, the
cloud, and solution architecture. He has been programming with
Microsoft and LAMP stack since 1998. He has always been a full-stack
technologist. His passion is toward digital transformation and business
process automation, and he is a certified specialist in UiPath RPA. Along
with Level 3 Advanced Certification in UiPath, he holds certifications in
Pega RPA, WorkFusion, Tricentis TOSCA, Appian, and Pega BPM.
He holds a master of science degree in computer science from the
University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA, and a bachelor of technology
degree from JNTUACEA, Ananthapuramu, India. He has worked in the
roles of Software Engineer, Business Process Consultant, Senior
Manager, Industry Principal, Delivery Manager, and Senior Solution
Architect. He has expertise in Healthcare, Manufacturing, Banking and
Financial Services, Retail, Ecommerce, and Telecommunications
domains.
He has proven experience in building successful Automation COEs.
He currently works as an Intelligent Automation Consultant for EPAM
Systems, Inc., a global consulting firm in Toronto, Canada.
Rayudu teaches Scratch and Python for kids in his spare time and
shares his knowledge on LinkedIn. He believes strongly in servant
leadership and lifelong learning.
He can be reached at http://​bit.​ly/​raylnkd.
Part I
Overview
© Adeel Javed, Anum Sundrani, Nadia Malik, Sidney Madison Prescott 2021
A. Javed et al., Robotic Process Automation using UiPath StudioX
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6794-3_1

1. Robotic Process Automation:

Overview
Adeel Javed1 , Anum Sundrani2, Nadia Malik3 and
Sidney Madison Prescott4
(1) Lake Zurich, IL, USA
(2) Chicago, IL, USA
(3) Austin, TX, USA
(4) New York, NY, USA

To remain competitive in today’s hyper-automated world, digital

transformation initiatives have become a primary focus across various
industries. Traditionally, C-suite executives are increasingly interested
in lowering operational expenditures, particularly costs associated with
the human workforce. In addition, business leaders are simultaneously
focused on driving increased efficiencies and employee satisfaction
across the enterprise. As a result, companies are undergoing a higher
level of scrutiny surrounding existing business processes to seek out
opportunities for automation at a global scale. One area of process
optimization is that which exists for desk-level procedures typically
executed by business stakeholders. With such a high percentage of
automation opportunities executed by the business stakeholders, a
bottom-up approach is commonly seen in which the workforce chooses
tasks to automate based on their individual needs. Not only can they
help in identifying opportunities to automate but also create
automations themselves so that they may focus on high-value tasks.
With the advent of intelligent automation, specifically Robotic Process
Automation (RPA), companies now have a proven way to automate
business processes at the keystroke level.
UiPath provides a technology that enables the automation of
business processes traditionally performed by business users, using
configurable software referred to as “robots.” UiPath’s development
platform, StudioX, is extremely flexible and user-friendly as it is a low-
code/no-code solution. The software allows users the ability to interact
with systems via a robot which leverages the users’ own credentials or
can be configured with distinct credentials and specific permissions.
Robotic Process Automation tools interact with an application in the
same way as end users do, through interactions with the user interface
(UI), as well as through the back end of a system.
From a compliance and risk perspective, robots can only execute
tasks that are specifically designed with the virtual robot worker in
mind. The robot’s access to both internal and external systems is
limited to the design of the robot workflow, which demonstrates the
rules-based nature of the software. The robot can also be designed to
prompt the user for input or incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) to
handle more cognitive tasks. As a result, Robotic Process Automation
enables automation of the manual, repetitive tasks that are typically a
fundamental component of a business user’s daily job responsibilities.
A fundamental premise of Robotic Process Automation software is
the belief that robotic software is designed to complement the human
workforce, by empowering organizations with the ability to upskill
employees to build simple automations or route more complex
automations to a set of developers reporting into a core automation
team. Adding Robotic Process Automation functionality into a business
department can maximize the efficiency of employee outputs, minimize
the risk of human error, and mitigate the number of tedious, manual
processes employees are expected to execute, thus increasing the
potential for a higher level of employee satisfaction.

Return on Investment (ROI)

In addition to enabling the automation of repetitive tasks, Robotic
Process Automation software can provide substantial return on
investment to both business process owners and the enterprise at
large. Robotic Process Automation software allows firms to automate
manual processes in a cost-efficient manner, due to the fact the price
point of the RPA software is typically lower than that of traditional
business applications. Robots are beneficial in minimizing the costs
typically incurred in automation projects, as Robotic Process
Automation tools can leverage existing infrastructure architecture
without impacting live systems.
The infrastructure necessary to support robots is considerably
minimal when compared to other tools, as robots can either run on an
end user’s desktop (attended automation) or a virtual machine
(unattended automation). One of the many benefits of Robotic Process
Automation is the ability users to dictate whether a human or a robot
will be responsible for executing a particular step of the process within
a given workflow. In addition, workflows can be customized to indicate
when robots encounter changes in each system including routine
software upgrades whereby elements of the user interface might
deviate from previous versions. A significant benefit of Robotic Process
Automation is the ability users to create workflows to support a
dynamically changing environment with minimal impact to underlying
infrastructure capabilities.

Automation Types
Moving forward, we will dive into the nuances of unattended robots
and attended robots, to understand how the distinction between the
two types of automation is driving a new approach to enabling business
process automation through citizen development (business users with
the ability to build automations). Robotic Process Automation can be
leveraged to automate a wide variety of processes including but not
limited to payroll processing, customer service, advertising operations,
report aggregation, and vendor onboarding. Robotic Process
Automation also offers a wide variety of automation deployment
models which can be used interchangeably to automate processes
across the business including
Attended robots that reside on the end user’s computer or virtual
machine for the purpose of automating simple manual processes that
can be triggered by the actions of the user.
 Unattended robots that can be provisioned to reside on machines
based on-premises (physical server based) or off-premises (virtual
machines/cloud based) for the purpose of automating more complex
back-office functions commonly scheduled to run based on a time or
queue. Typically, unattended automation lends itself to more data-
intensive tasks and processes with higher transaction volumes such
as batch jobs.
Hybrid robots that reside on a combination of end user and on-
premises/off-premises solutions to enable a combination of attended
and unattended style processing to enable the end-to-end
automation of processes that require both human support and back-
end functionality.
Each automation deployment model allows the end user the ability
to determine the best way to interact with a robot based on the task at
hand, alongside careful consideration of the existing variables in each
environment. The various automation deployment models can be
leveraged interchangeably as a part of a holistic enterprise-level
automation platform and digital transformation strategy. As we move
forward, we’ll focus on features and hands-on exercises specific to the
Robotic Process Automation industry leader, UiPath, to discuss the
unique value proposition the company offers citizen developers
through the use of StudioX.

UiPath StudioX
UiPath is a global Robotic Process Automation software company based
out of Romania. The company was founded in 2005 by Daniel Dines.
The company originally offered automation libraries and software as an
outsourced service, but quickly positioned itself to become an industry
leader through a customer-centric model designed to democratize
access to Robotic Process Automation capabilities. Through a robust
product road map and unique approach to empower business users
with the ability to automate simple business processes via StudioX,
UiPath’s enterprise platform demonstrates the seamless fusion that
exists between business processes and automation capabilities.
StudioX is one product of UiPath’s Robotic Process Automation
platform designed to enable business users to build automation
without the need for a traditional development background. The
StudioX functionality includes a no-code interface with out-of-the-box
drag-and-drop functionality to facilitate ease of use. In addition,
StudioX contains predesigned templates and native integrations with
common business applications such as the Microsoft Office suite to
facilitate faster development of automation workflows. Business users
can deploy a robot directly to a local machine, such as a desktop which
removes the need for traditional IT deployment support. In addition,
governance functionality is also built into the StudioX framework to
allow auditing capabilities to ensure that existing company compliance
protocols remain intact. Regarding the scheduling and sharing of
automations, users can complete both tasks through the UiPath
Assistant and Orchestrator components of UiPath.
One of the key elements that demonstrates the flexibility of StudioX
is the fact the tool allows business users a user-friendly way to learn
how to build automations that are beneficial to their job functions
while simultaneously learning a new technical skill. In a world where
technical prowess has become increasingly important, providing
employees an opportunity to leverage Robotic Process Automation
tools can help individuals to feel empowered and more satisfied,
potentially leading to less attrition. The citizen developer model is the
methodology by which business users are trained on the skills required
to build automations while also being provisioned access to RPA tools
to begin the development of robot workflows. As Robotic Process
Automation continues to expand across a wide variety of industries, it
will be important to continue to expand the knowledge of business
users with tools such as StudioX to provide a wealth of benefits at an
organizational level.
In the rest of the book, we will explore hands-on exercises with
detailed reference guides for various activities and sample files to help
you as you work to build your first RPA robots in StudioX. The goal of
each chapter is to provide real-world business process scenarios for
readers to reference as Robotic Process Automation learning tools. As
you work through the exercises, make a note of any challenges you
encounter to allow time to reflect on possible ways to solve any
roadblocks you may have. This book is intended for both the business
user looking to learn how to leverage StudioX for the first time and the
experienced RPA developer looking to build upon existing knowledge to
automate manual, repetitive tasks across your organization. As you step
into the future of working with robots, remember that you have taken
an important step in the journey to democratize automation and
heighten your technical skill set. So, let us get started.
© Adeel Javed, Anum Sundrani, Nadia Malik, Sidney Madison Prescott 2021
A. Javed et al., Robotic Process Automation using UiPath StudioX
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6794-3_2

2. UiPath StudioX
Adeel Javed1 , Anum Sundrani2, Nadia Malik3 and
Sidney Madison Prescott4
(1) Lake Zurich, IL, USA
(2) Chicago, IL, USA
(3) Austin, TX, USA
(4) New York, NY, USA

UiPath's StudioX tool offers a no-code approach to automation,

providing citizen developers with the tools necessary to configure and
run their automations.

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you will learn how to
Download and install UiPath StudioX
Access and use common interface components in UiPath StudioX

System Requirements
This section provides hardware and software requirements for UiPath
StudioX.

Note This book uses UiPath Studio Community v2020.10.2. At

the time of installation, you might find a slightly different version,
and that will not affect the exercises.
The Community version is free and is not limited to a trial period. It is a
great starting point for anyone just starting with UiPath or for
organizations that are looking to evaluate it for enterprise use.

Hardware Requirements
Table 2-1 lists the minimum and recommended hardware
requirements.
Table 2-1 Hardware requirements

Minimum Recommended
CPU 2 x 1.8GHz 32-bit (x86) 4 x 2.4GHz 64-bit (x64)
RAM 4 GB 8 GB

Software Requirements
Table 2-2 lists software versions supported by the current version of
UiPath StudioX.
Table 2-2 Software requirements

Supported Versions
Operating System Windows (7, 7 N, 7 SP1, 8.1, 8.1 N, 10, 10 N)
Windows Server (2012 R2, 2016, 2019)
.NET Framework Version 4.6.1 or higher
Web Browsers Internet Explorer v8.0 or greater
Google Chrome version 64 or greater
Mozilla Firefox version 52.0 or greater
Microsoft Edge on Windows 10 version 1803 or greater

Note UiPath does not support resolutions below 1024 x 768.

Installation and Setup

This section will provide you with step-by-step instructions for
downloading and installing UiPath StudioX.

Register
Before you can download and install UiPath StudioX, you will need to
register with UiPath.

Note If your company has purchased licenses for UiPath, then you
should request this from your IT department.

1. Open the UiPath website (www.uipath.com) and click the Try

UiPath Free button, as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 UiPath trial option

2. If this is the first time you are accessing the UiPath site, you will
need to Sign Up using one of the provided options. Once you have
registered, click the Log In link to enter your credentials.

Download
Next, we are going to download the UiPath StudioX installer:
1. Once you have logged in to the UiPath Automation Cloud portal,
https://cloud.uipath.com/, you will see a Download
Studio/StudioX button on the right under the Home tab, as
shown in Figure 2-2. The location can change with updates to the
UiPath Automation Cloud portal.
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Syllabus of
Hispanic-American History
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: A Syllabus of Hispanic-American History

Author: Jr. William Whatley Pierson

Release date: August 8, 2013 [eBook #43422]

Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Adrian Mastronardi and the Online

Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file
was
produced from images generously made available by
The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SYLLABUS OF

HISPANIC-AMERICAN HISTORY ***
 A SYLLABUS
OF

Hispanic-American
History
BY
WILLIAM WHATLEY PIERSON, Jr.,
Ph. D.
PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
 (THIRD EDITION)
PRICE 50 CENTS
PUBLISHED BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
COPYRIGHT, 1916, 1920
by the
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
(Revised and Reprinted)
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE
"In the establishment of the independence of Spanish America
the United States have the deepest interest. I have no
hesitation in asserting my firm belief that there is no question in
the foreign policy of this country, which has ever arisen, or
which I can conceive as ever occurring, in the decision of which
we have had or can have so much at stake."—Henry Clay, The
Emancipation of South America.

This syllabus is designed primarily for the use of students of the

University of North Carolina as a guide to the introductory study of
Hispanic-American history. In it an effort has been made to provide
for as general and comprehensive a study of Hispanic-American
civilization as the time limits of a single one year's course would
permit. In such a process, of course, selection and rejection of data
were necessary. The student seeking to specialize will, therefore,
find it possible and easy to elaborate and amplify each of the
chapters and sections into which the outline has been divided.
Despite such comprehensiveness as was mentioned, the writer has
endeavored to emphasize the institutional and economic aspects.
The necessity of elimination and the effort at emphasis have resulted
in the relegation of political history, particularly that of the colonial
period, to a position of comparatively less prominence and
significance than some might expect. For this the writer must plead
necessity.
In view of the great contemporary interest in Hispanic America no
case for the study of its history need be made—if such, indeed, is
required for any field of history. That interest in the United States
has been in part due to the construction of the Panama Canal and to
the increasing importance in diplomacy of the Caribbean area, and in
part it may be ascribed to the exigencies and effects of the World
War which have made people conscious of trade opportunities
formerly non-existent or, if existent, not fully recognized; and many
have thus concluded that the diplomatic, political, and economic
importance of Hispanic America has made of prime necessity a
thorough study and a sympathetic understanding of its past history
and institutions. These facts and this new consciousness may
indicate the opening of another period in the history of the Western
Hemisphere, which will doubtless have a distinctly inter-American
emphasis. The field of Hispanic-American history has until recent
years been little known to and too often neglected by the
undergraduate student in the universities,—if, indeed, courses in
such history have been offered. It is, in the opinion of the writer,
however, a field not lacking in comparative importance, interest, and
cultural value with those better known. It is hoped and confidently
expected that the interest in the history and institutions of the
Hispanic-American countries recently engendered by the
consciousness that these countries have become potent economic
and political factors in the modern world will be abiding. Hispanic-
American history as a standard course will have much justification,
for the part which the peoples of the southern republics will play in
the future, as Viscount Bryce recently said, "must henceforth be one
of growing significance for the Old World as well as for the New."
The course as outlined in this syllabus provides for the study of the
history, geography, political and social institutions, and the economic
development and possibilities of Hispanic-American countries. A
careful analysis and investigation will thus be made of the Spanish
and Portuguese colonial systems and colonial experience in order to
explain the wars of independence and the existing political and social
conditions. Attention will then be directed to the development of
republics, the struggle for political stability, and the exploitation of
resources. The course will also include some study of the
international relations—political and economic—and diplomatic
problems which have arisen in recent Hispanic-American history.
At the outset the prospective student is warned that as yet there
exists no single text-book devoted to the Hispanic-American
republics which satisfactorily and adequately presents their history,
describes their present conditions and discusses their institutions.
This absence, of necessity, determines that the course will be based
largely upon material to be found only in a number of books, public
documents, and scientific reports. An effort has been made in this
syllabus to meet this difficult situation. Lectures following the outline
of the syllabus and explanatory of it, and recitations based on
assigned readings, will constitute the class work. On these lectures
and readings the students will be expected to take notes. In
addition, they will be required to make certain class reports and at
least once during the year to prepare, after consultation with the
instructor, an essay on some topic of the syllabus or allied phase of
the work.
Students will be required to provide themselves individually with a
copy of this syllabus and with W. R. Shepherd's Latin America (Holt
& Company). It is strongly recommended that they purchase also F.
Garcia Calderon's Latin America: Its Rise and Progress (Scribners).
For the general student and reader the following list of books,
written in English, may be found useful:
For description, geography, travel, peoples and social conditions:

James Bryce, South America: Observations and Impressions.

(Macmillan).
G. E. Church, Aborigines of South America. (Chapman and Hall.)
C. R. Enock, The Republics of Central and South America. (Dent
& Sons).
A. H. Keane, Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel:
Central and South America. (2 Vols., Lippincott.)
Atlas America Latina, (English, Spanish, Portuguese; General
Drafting Co.).

R. Reyes, The Two Americas. (Stokes.)

A. Ruhl, The Other Americans. (Scribners.)
 H. Bingham, Across South America. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)

For history:

T. C. Dawson, The South American Republics. (3 Vols., Putnam.)

A. H. Noll, A Short History of Mexico. (McClurg.)
F. Palmer, Central America and its Problems. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)

For institutions and history:

E. G. Bourne, Spain in America. (American Nation Series,

Harpers.)
B. Moses, The Establishment of Spanish Rule in America.
(Putnam.)
——, South America on the Eve of Emancipation. (Putnam.)
——, Spanish Dependencies in South America. (Harpers.)
F. L. Paxson, The Independence of the South American
Republics. (2nd Ed., Ferris and Leach.)
W. S. Robertson, The Rise of the Spanish American Republics.
(Appleton.)
W. R. Shepherd, Hispanic Nations of the New World; A Chronicle
of Our Southern Neighbors. (Yale Press.)

For literature:

Alfred Coester, The Literary History of Spanish America.

(Macmillan.)
Isaac Goldberg, Studies in Spanish American Literature.
(Brentano.)

For trade relations:

 W. E. Aughinbaugh, Selling Latin America. (Small, Maynard &
Company.)
E. B. Filsinger, Exporting to Latin America. (Appleton.)
A. H. Verrill, South and Central American Trade Conditions of
Today. (Dodd, Mead & Company.)

For individual countries:

P. Denis, Brazil. (Scribners.)

P. J. Eder, Columbia. (Unwin or Scribners.)
G. F. S. Elliott, Chile. (Scribners.)
C. R. Enock, Mexico. (Scribners.)
W. A. Hirst, Argentina. (Scribners.)
W. H. Koebel, Argentina, Past and Present. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
——, Paraguay. (Scribners.)
——, Uruguay. (Scribners.)
——, Central America. (Scribners.)
W. L. Scruggs, The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics. (Little,
Brown & Co.)
M. R. Wright's Books on Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; and Peru.
(Cazenove & Son.)

The monthly Bulletin and other publications of the Pan-American

Union (Washington, D. C.), offer excellent and reliable information
respecting all of these divisions, and are recommended.
Students wishing to make a more detailed study than this brief list
would provide for can easily find extensive bibliographies on the
subject in English, Portuguese and Spanish which are of great value.
They will do well to consult P. H. Goldsmith, A Brief Bibliography
(Macmillan), although it is admittedly incomplete in its list of books
and contemptuously harsh in its judgment of many of those
included. More comprehensive and valuable are the Bibliographie
Hispanique (annual, New York) published by the Hispanic Society of
America, and the lists and catalogues of books, pamphlets,
periodicals, and maps prepared by the Pan-American Union and
printed by the United States Government,—first, the list relating to
Central America by P. Lee Phillips, 1902; secondly, the catalogue of
books, periodicals, etc., in the Columbus Library, which appeared
successively in 1905, 1907, 1909, and 1914. Many lists respecting
individual Hispanic-American countries have been published,
including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador,
Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Paraguay. Reference also must
necessarily be made to the exhaustive and scholarly Biblioteca
Hispano-Americana and other compilations of José Toribio Medina,
the great bibliographer of Chile. The Hispanic American Historical
Review is commended to the student not only for its own articles
and reviews, but for the great service rendered to the bibliography
of this subject by publishing with each issue a list of books and
articles pertaining to the field which have recently appeared.
The writer would anticipate the criticism that the list of books
specified in the syllabus for reading is incomplete. Since these
readings are designed for class purposes and are selected as being
practicable, the incompleteness was scarcely avoidable. The
specialist will again find it easy to enlarge. In the list of readings, in
order to conserve space, the author's name and full title of the book
are stated when the first reference is made; thereafter only the
author's name is employed, except in such cases in which the author
has written more than one book or in which clearness seems to
demand complete or partial repetition.
The author wishes to make acknowledgment of his indebtedness to
Professor William R. Shepherd, of Columbia University, whose advice
and inspiration have been of incalculable service to him. Professor
Shepherd generously made suggestions for this edition of the
syllabus. Chapel Hill, N. C., June, 1920.
 A SYLLABUS OF HISPANIC-
AMERICAN HISTORY

INTRODUCTION
I. The Political Situation in Europe at Opening of the 16th
Century.

1. The National States: England, France, Spain and Portugal.

2. The Holy Roman Empire.
3. The city states of Italy.
4. Other European States.

Readings: Hayes, A Political and Social History of Modern

Europe, Vol. I, 3-25.

II. Scientific and intellectual progress.

1. Medieval travels; the crusades.

2. The Renaissance.
3. Invention of the compass and improvement of the astrolabe.
4. Improvement and increase of maps.

Readings: Cheyney, European Background of American History,

41-59.
III. European Commerce at the Opening of the 16th
Century.

1. Trade and trade routes between Europe and the Far East.
2. The Mediterranean and the Italian cities.
3. Conquests of the Ottoman Turks; closing of old routes.
4. Decline of the Italian cities.
5. Need of new routes; Battle of the Nile, 1516.

Readings: Cheyney, 3-40; Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 98-99,

107-110; Hayes, I, 27-49.

IV. The Commercial Revolution.

1. The geographic position of Spain and Portugal.

2. The circumnavigation of Africa: Prince Henry the Navigator;
Diaz; Vasco da Gama.
3. The Western passage; sought by Spain.
4. The commercial revolution; effects.
5. Creation of trade companies; new methods of commerce.
6. Expansion and colonization; motives.

Readings: Bourne, Spain in America, 104-132; Cheyney, 123-

146; Hayes, I, 27-69.

V. Spain and Portugal at the Opening of the 16th Century.

A. Background of Spanish history.

Spanish Society:
1. Geographic influences in Spanish history.
2. The evolution of the Spanish nationality:
 a. The earliest historic inhabitants of the Iberian
peninsula.
b. The invasions: Phoenician; Carthaginian; Roman;
Visigothic; Vandal; Moorish.
c. Immigration of Jews and Berbers.
d. Contact and conflict with the Moors, 710-1492.
e. Expulsion of the Moors and the Jews.
f. Establishment of union and central government.

3. The individualism of the people.

4. Militarist spirit engendered by long wars.
5. Evolution of types.
6. Governmental system:

a. The king and his powers.

b. The executive and advisory councils.
c. The Spanish Cortes.
d. Legal codes and other systems of law.
e. Administrative machinery.
f. Local and municipal government.
g. System of taxation.
h. Efforts of Ferdinand and Isabella to unify Spain and
centralize powers of government.

7. The Church and morals:

a. The Spanish clergy.

b. Inquisition.
c. Influences of Moors and Jews upon church and faith.
 8. Industries and agriculture; attitude toward labor: The
Mesta; wheat, vine, and olive culture.
9. Condition of social classes.
10. Intellectual development in Spain:

a. Formative influences on languages and literature.

b. Contributions of the Moors.
c. Ecclesiastical and philosophical writings.

11. Motives of colonization.

Required Readings: Chapman, The History of Spain, 1-286;
Hume, Spain, its Greatness and Decay, 1479-1788, 1-64;
The Spanish People, 144-404; Cheyney, 79-114; Ellis, The
Soul of Spain, 29-105.
Additional Readings: Lea, History of the Inquisition in
Spain; ——, The Moriscos of Spain; ——, History of
Sarcedotal Celibacy, 80-85; 300-311; Milman, History of the
Jews, Vol. III, 264-309; Altamira, Historia de España y de la
Civilizacion española; Colmeiro, Derecho administrativo
español; Plunkett, Isabel of Castile; Sempere, Histoire des
Cortes d' Espagne; Lowery, The Spanish Settlements in the
United States, Vol. I, 79-101; Walton, Civil Law in Spain and
Spanish America; Lane-Poole, The Story of the Moors in
Spain; Scott, History of the Moorish Empire in Europe;
Danvila y Collado, El Poder Civil en España; Lafuente and
Valera, Historia general de España; Salazar, Monarchia de
España, Vol. I; Sacristian y Martinez, Municipalidades de
Castilla y Leon; Merriman, The Rise of the Spanish Empire
in the Old World and in the New, Vols. I and II.

B. Background of Portuguese history.

Portuguese society:
 1. General characteristics.
2. Influence of climate in Portugal.
3. Position as European power in the 16th Century.
4. Portugal as a national state.
5. Political institutions.
6. Motives of colonization.

Required Readings: Cheyney, 60-74; Stephens, The Story of

Portugal.
Additional Readings: Busk, History of Spain and Portugal;
Martins, The Golden Age of Prince Henry the Navigator;
——, Historia de Portugal; Jayne, Vasco da Gama and His
Successors; Major, Life of Prince Henry the Navigator;
Hakluyt Society Publications.

Chapter I. The Period of Discovery.

A. Tracing the coast line by Spanish navigators.

1. The achievement of Columbus.

2. Achievements of: Hojeda, Cosa, Vespucci, Pinzon,
Piñeda, Bastidas, Grijalva, Balboa, Magellan and Elcano,
Guevara, and Saavedra.

Readings: Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 106-111; Morris,

History of Colonization, I, 230-243; Bourne, Spain in
America, 67-174; Payne, European Colonies, 35-53; ——,
History of America, Vol. I; Helps, Spanish Conquest in
America; Koebel, South America; Thacher, Columbus;
Vignaud, Historie critique de la grande entreprise de
Christopher Colomb; Guillemard, Magellan; Bancroft,
Central Mexico, Vol. I; Brittain, Discovery and Exploration,
56-296; Benzoni, History of the New World (Hakluyt Society
 Pub.); Zahm, Up the Orinoco and Down the Magdelena;
——, Along the Andes and Down the Amazon.

B. Internal exploration and settlement.

1. Achievements of: Cortes; Pizarro; Cabeza de Vaca;

Almagro; Orellana; Ursúa; Mendoza; Ayolas; Irala, and
others.
2. Explorations of Portuguese in Brazil.
3. Settlement of the West Indies.
4. Settlement of Mexico and Central America.
5. Settlement of Spanish South America.

Readings: To those of Section A, add Cambridge Modern

History, I, ch. xv.; Prescott, Conquest of Mexico; Bancroft,
History of Mexico; MacNutt, Fernando Cortes and the
Conquest of Mexico; Solis, Historia de la Conquista de
Mexico; Bandelier, Contributions to the History of the
Southwestern Portions of the United States; De Lannoy and
Van der Linden, Historie de L'Expansion Coloniale des
Peuples Europeens (Portugal et Espagne); Bolton, Spanish
Exploration in the Southwest; Daenell, Die Spanier in Nord
Amerika; Altamira, The Share of Spain in the History of the
Pacific Ocean, (Pacific Ocean in History, 34-75); Groat,
Historia de la Nueva Granada; Wright, The Early History of
Cuba; Amunategui, Descubrimientos; Conquista de Chile;
Ojeda, Los Conquistadores de Chile (2v.)

C. Relations of Spain and Portugal in 16th Century.

1. Rivalry for trade supremacy.

2. Appeal to the Pope.

Line of Demarcation, 1493.

 3. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494.
4. Boundary commissions and disputes.
5. Treaty of Saragossa, 1529.
6. Mid-century relations.
7. Union of Portugal and Spain, 1580.
8. Attitude of Europe toward Spanish and Portuguese claims
of monopoly.
9. New doctrines relative to the control of the seas and the
ownership of territory.

Required Readings: Shepherd, Latin America, 9-19;

Chapman, 229-271; Bourne, 31-33; 131-132; ——, Essays
in Historical Criticism, 193-217; Keller, Colonization, 175-
176; 197-200; Merriman, II, 219-239.
Additional Readings: Altamira, Historia de España.

Chapter II. The Spanish Colonial System.

A. Imperial Control.

1. Early methods of colonization.

Spanish inexperience; government aid and activities;

private enterprize; rapid evolution of a system.

2. The capitulation; that of Columbus compared with later

ones.
3. The Casa de Contratacion.
4. The Council of the Indies:

a. Organization; powers; duties; methods of

administration; accomplishments.
 b. Notable members.

5. Control of emigration:

a. Laws of restriction.
b. Inducements offered approved immigrants.

6. Exclusion of foreign influences from Colonies; Spanish

mercantilism.
7. Interference in colonial affairs.
8. Means of control; special commissions; the visitador; the
residencia; recall.
9. Difficulties of administration:

a. Distance between colonies and home government.

b. Defective means of communication.

10. Decline of the system; changes effected in the 18th

Century; red tape and routine.
11. Comparison of the Spanish system of colonization with
the systems of other colonizing countries.
12. Influences of the colonial empire upon Spain.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 19-26; Bourne, 220-242;

Morris, 244-259; Keller, 168-206; 210-215; Bancroft,
History of Central America, I, 285 et seq.; Roscher, The
Spanish Colonial System; Moses, Establishment of Spanish
Rule in America; Cambridge Modern History, Vol X, 244 et.
seq.; Robertson, Rise of the Spanish American Republics,
Introduction.
Additional Readings: Root, Spain and Its Colonies;
Zimmerman, Die Kolonialpolitik Portugal und Spaniens;
Leroy-Beaulieu, De la Colonisation chez les Peuples
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