DFD Exercises

Example 4

Following is the description of the working of a bank:

⚫ A customer presents a cheque to a clerk who issues a token.
The clerk checks the customer’s signature and if the balance
in the customer’s account is sufficient.
⚫ The cheque is passed for payment after entering the
transaction in the ledger.
⚫ An accountant checks the entries and certifies the cheque for
payment and passes it to the cashier.
⚫ The cashier pays the amount to the customer by collecting the
token and enters the transaction in the Cash Book. On the
other hand, a customer can remit cash to the cashier using a
challan and the cashier passes the challan indicating the
amount in the ledger.
⚫ Draw a DFD to represent the working of a bank as described
above. 2
 Cheque
1

Token Verification
Customer New Withdrawal
of Signature Ledger
Details
and Account
Balance

Cheque

2
Withdrawal
Verification Details
of Entries
and
Certification Verify whether the
solution is complete?
Cheque
If not, Correct it

3
Token Payment
of Cheque New Withdrawal Cash Book
Amount Details
Amount to
Customer
 Cheque
1

Token Verification
Customer New Withdrawal
of Signature Ledger
Details
and Account
Balance

Cheque

2
Withdrawal

Update Deposit
Verification Details
of Entries

Details
and
Certification

Cheque

Amount 3
Token Issue and
Receipt of
Amount New Receipt and
Payment Cash Book
Withdrawal
Details
Example 5

⚫ Perfect Pizza wants to install a system to record orders for Pizza

and Chicken wings. When regular customers call Perfect Pizza on
the phone, Perfect Pizza asks for their phone number. When the
number is typed into the computer, the name, address and the last
order date is automatically brought up on the screen. Once the
order is taken, the total, including tax and delivery expenses is
calculated. Then the order is given to the cook and a receipt is
printed. Occasionally, special offers(coupons) are printed so that
the customer can get a discount. Drivers who make deliveries give
customers a copy of the receipt and a coupon(if any). He also
collects the payment from the customer and deposits the same in
the cash section. Weekly totals are kept for comparison with last
year’s performance.
⚫ Draw a context diagram for Perfect Pizza.
⚫ Explode the context diagram showing all the major processes. Its
should be a logical DFD.
5
 Name, Address, Phone Phone Number
Number 0

Perfect
Order Details Order Details
New Pizza Regular
Customer System Customer

Food, Receipt and/or

Coupon

Payment
 Payment and Receipt
Name, Address,
Phone Number
Receipt and/or Coupon
1 2
Food, Receipt
Order Delivery and/or Coupon
New Order Details
New Processing Subsystem
Customer Subsystem New Customer
Details

Order Details
Payment

Phone Number Perfect Pizza Data

Model
Order Customer
Details Details
Regular
Customer

3
Regular Ordered Food Food Food
Customer Details Preparation
Subsystem
Example 6

⚫ Consider registration of students for different courses offered by a

University. Each student has to register for the compulsory courses
for the year of his/her discipline, which are recommended by
his/her department. In addition, every student has to take a fixed
number of optional courses which are to be selected from among
the elective courses offered by the department. Every course has a
fixed number of seats. The student is given a registration card at
the end of the registration process.
⚫ Draw a DFD to represent the registration process as described
above.

8
Zero Level DFD

0
Registration Details for Compulsory
Courses
Registration
Student
Selection of Elective System
Courses

Non-Availability of Elective Courses

Registration

Card

9
 1 Registration Details

Registration
Registration Course Details
Details Recommen
Student in
Compulsory dations
Courses

2
Selection Course
Selection of Details Elective
Courses Courses
from
Electives

Selected
Electives
Seat Availability
Details
Non-availability 3
Notification
Check for
Availability
of Seats

Selected
Electives Updated Seat
Availability
4
Registration Card Preparation Registrations
of
Registration New
Card Registration
Details
Example 7
Consider the following Library Information System(LIS) software:
⚫ The Librarian can create a new member record by entering the new
member’s name and address. LIS would assign a unique
membership number to each new library member. The Librarian
can also delete a membership by entering the membership number.
⚫ LIS registers each book issued to a member. When a member
returns a book. LIS deletes the book from the member’s account
and makes the book available for future issue.
⚫ When a member returns an overdue book, the LIS software
computes the penalty charge and prints a bill towards fine payable
by the member.
⚫ A member can query about the availability of a book by inputting the
name of a book or the name of the author of the book. If the book is
available, LIS would print the book location (rack number in which
the book is located), the number of copies of the books available for
issue and the number of copies of the book already issued.
11
 Membership Details Returned Book

Issued Book

Membership 0 Bill
Number
New Library Member
Information Fine
Member System

Query Details

Location Details
 Membership
Details
New
Member

Membership Termination Notification

1 Updated Member Details
3
Membership New Member Details Query
Membership Subsystem
Number Processing
Subsystem

LIS Data Model Location Query

Details Details

New
Existing Issue Return Member
Issue Details Details
Details
Returned
Book
2
Issued Book
Book Issue
and Return Bill
Subsystem

Fine
 Home Work
Starting with a context diagram, draw as many nested DFD’s as you consider necessary to
represent all the details of the employee hiring system described I the following narrative.
You must draw at least a context and a level-0 diagram. In drawing these diagrams, If you
discover that the narrative is incomplete, make up reasonable explanations to complete the
story. Supply these extra explanations along with the diagrams. Here is the narrative.
Projects, Inc. is an engineering firm with approximately 500 engineers of different types.
The company keeps records on all employees, their skills, projects assigned, and
departments worked in. New employees are hired by the personnel manager based on data in
an application form and evaluations collected from other managers who interview the job
candidates. Prospective employees may apply at any time. Engineering managers notify the
personnel manager when a job opens and list the characteristics necessary to be eligible pool
of applicants with the characteristics of an open job, then schedules interviews between the
manger in charge of the open position and the three best candidates from the pool. After
receiving evaluations on each interview from the manger, the personnel manager makes the
hiring decision based upon the evaluations and applications of the candidates and the
characteristics of the job, and then notifies the interviewees and the manger about the
decision. Applications of rejected applicants are retained for one year, after which time the
application is purged. When hired, a new engineer completes a nondisclosure agreement,
which is filed with other information about the employee.
 Context Diagram

Interview Schedule
Engineering
Applicant Manager
Blank Non- Job
disclosure Form Description

0
Completed Non- Hiring Interview
disclosure Form Evaluation
System
Application Application

Hiring Decision Letter

 Completed Non-disclosure Form
Blank Non-disclosure Form
Purge Notice

Application
1 5
Purge

Valid
Receive Applications
Applicant D1 Year-old
Application
Applications
Applications Year-old Application
Related to Job
Interview 3 Description Application 6
Schedule Choose for for Create
Interview Employee
Interview
Job Record
D2 Descriptions
Engineering Relevant New Employee
Job 4 Data
Manger Job Description Description
2 Evaluate Employee
and Hire
D3
Receive Job
Description

Interview Evaluation
Hiring Decision Letter
Match the following terms to the
appropriate definitions.

- Source/Sink a) data in motion, moving from

one place in a system to
another

- data flow b) data at rest, which may take

the form of many different
physical representations
- data store c) work or actions performed
on data so that they are
transformed or stored or
distributed
Match the following terms to the
appropriate definitions.
- process d) the origin and / or destination
of data, sometimes referred
to as external entities
- DFD e) extent to which information
completeness contained on one level of a set
of nested data flow diagram
is also included on other
levels
- DFD f) Exent to which all necessary
consistency components of a data flow
diagram have been included
Summary
⚫ Data flow diagrams (DFD)
⚫ Symbols
⚫ Rules for creating
⚫ Decomposition
⚫ Balancing
⚫ Four different kinds of DFDs
⚫ Current Physical
⚫ Current Logical
⚫ New Logical
⚫ New Physical
⚫ DFDs for Analysis

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