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File_Handling

This document provides a comprehensive overview of file handling in C++, including the use of ifstream, ofstream, and fstream classes for reading and writing files. It includes code examples for writing to files, reading from files, and a mini project for managing student records. Additionally, it outlines various file open modes and introduces an advanced project for a complete Student Management System with functionalities for adding, viewing, updating, and deleting records.

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Ajay Maurya
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4 views

File_Handling

This document provides a comprehensive overview of file handling in C++, including the use of ifstream, ofstream, and fstream classes for reading and writing files. It includes code examples for writing to files, reading from files, and a mini project for managing student records. Additionally, it outlines various file open modes and introduces an advanced project for a complete Student Management System with functionalities for adding, viewing, updating, and deleting records.

Uploaded by

Ajay Maurya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Handling in C++ (Complete Notes + Mini Project)

File Handling in C++

What is File Handling?

File handling in C++ refers to creating, opening, reading, writing, and closing files using standard

classes from the <fstream> header.

Classes Used:

- ifstream - Input file stream (Read data)

- ofstream - Output file stream (Write data)

- fstream - File stream (Read and write)

Include header:

#include <fstream>

File Operations

Writing to a File

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

ofstream file("sample.txt");

file << "Hello World\nLearning File Handling";

file.close();

return 0;
}

Reading from a File

#include <fstream>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

ifstream file("sample.txt");

string content;

while (getline(file, content)) {

cout << content << endl;

file.close();

return 0;

Reading and Writing using fstream

#include <fstream>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

fstream file;

file.open("sample.txt", ios::in | ios::out);


if (file.is_open()) {

file << "\nAdding another line.";

file.seekg(0);

string line;

while (getline(file, line)) {

cout << line << endl;

file.close();

else {

cout << "File could not be opened!";

return 0;

File Open Modes

Mode | Purpose

--------------|----------------------------------

ios::in | Open file for reading

ios::out | Open file for writing

ios::app | Append data at the end of file

ios::ate | Move to end immediately on open

ios::trunc | Truncate file content on open

ios::binary | Open file in binary mode


Mini Project: Student Record Management using File Handling

Program to add and display student records stored in a file

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

class Student {

public:

string name;

int roll;

void input() {

cout << "Enter Name: ";

cin >> name;

cout << "Enter Roll No: ";

cin >> roll;

void show() {

cout << "Name: " << name << ", Roll No: " << roll << endl;

};

int main() {

Student s;
int choice;

do {

cout << "\n1. Add Record\n2. Display Records\n3. Exit\nEnter choice: ";

cin >> choice;

if (choice == 1) {

ofstream file("students.txt", ios::app);

s.input();

file << s.name << " " << s.roll << endl;

file.close();

else if (choice == 2) {

ifstream file("students.txt");

while (file >> s.name >> s.roll) {

s.show();

file.close();

} while (choice != 3);

return 0;

Important Points

- Always close files with .close().

- Check if the file opened successfully before operating on it.


- Use getline() for reading whole lines, >> for word-by-word reading.

Advanced Project: Student Management System (Add, View, Update, Delete) Using File Handling in

C++

Let's now extend our mini project into a full Student Management System with the following

functionalities:

- Add new student records

- View all student records

- Update existing student details

- Delete a student record

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