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JavaScript interview questions and answers for 2023

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The majority of big tech companies utilize JavaScript to build complex and powerful web-based
applications. And with the launch of node.js, it has become one of the top languages for building
server-side applications. However, the web still needs to be bigger to utilize JavaScript's full
potential and flexibility.

Here, we have compiled a list of JavaScript developer interview questions and answers to help
you ace your next JavaScript interview and land your desired job. Conversely, if you are an
interviewer looking for the best questions to gauge the talented candidate, this can be your
reference.

Table of contents

Basic JavaScript interview questions and answers (48)

Intermediate JavaScript interview questions and answers (23)

Advanced JavaScript interview questions and answers (29)

BASIC JAVASCRIPT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is JavaScript?

Hide Answer

JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented scripting language. It allows

you to build interactivity into static HTML pages. Netscape, Internet Explorer, and
other web browsers include the language's general-purpose core.

2. What are the benefits of JavaScript over other web-based technologies?

Hide Answer

These are the benefits of JavaScript:

Interactive Enhancement
JavaScript interacts with static web pages and makes them respond to users'
inputs. About
us
Quick Feedback

There is no reason for a page on the internet to load again when using JavaScript.
For example, form input validation.

Rich User Interface

JavaScript assists in making the user interface of web-based applications look and
feel better.

Frameworks

JavaScript has vast libraries and frameworks that can be widely used to develop
games and web-based applications.

3. What are the features of JavaScript?

Hide Answer

These are some of the features of JavaScript:

Cross-platform compatible

Open-source

Object-oriented

Integration with various front-end and back-end technologies

4. When should generators be used in ES6?

Hide Answer

Generators in ES6 can be used in two main scenarios:

When one wants to move out of a function, one can do so using generators, and the
outer code determines when to move back into the function.

With the help of generators, one can control an asynchronous call outside the code.
Most importantly, though, the next value can come in only when needed; all values
do not need to come back at once
About
us
5. Why are promises used in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Promises help in managing asynchronous operations, such as server requests in

JavaScript. Earlier, callbacks were used for the same purpose. However, callbacks
have limited functionality and, thus, can make the code unmanageable. There are
four states of the promise object:

Pending: This is the first state of the promise and shows that the promise has been
neither fulfilled nor rejected.

Fulfilled: This state represents the completion of the asynchronous operation. In

other words, the promise has been fulfilled.

Rejected: This state represents the failure of the asynchronous operation due to
some reason. In other words, the promise has been rejected.

Settled: This is the last state of the promise, showing that the promise has been
either fulfilled or rejected.

A promise constructor uses a callback with two parameters - resolve and reject - to
create a promise. The resolve function is called when the asynchronous operation
has succeeded. The reject function is called when the asynchronous operation has
failed.

6. What are the different data types present in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

There are three major data types present in JavaScript.

Primitive

Numbers

Strings

Boolean
Composite
About
Objects
us
Functions

Arrays

Trivial

Null

Undefined

7. Why are Arrow functions used almost everywhere?

Hide Answer

Arrow functions are used everywhere because:

Safety of scope: When the arrow function is used everywhere, it brings consistency
of scope because the same thisObject is used everywhere. If by any chance, a
standard function is used alongside the arrow function, there are chances of the
scope getting mixed up.

Compactness: As compared to the standard function, the arrow function is

compact as it does away with the need for keywords, curly braces, parenthesis,
etc. in certain cases. It is, therefore, easier to read and write.

Clarity: When the arrow function is used everywhere, there is a certain consistency
of scope. Thus, whenever a standard function is mixed with it, it stands out
distinctly. The developer can therefore look for the next higher function to locate
the thisObject.

8. Is JavaScript a dynamically typed or statically typed language?

Hide Answer
JavaScript is a dynamically typed language.
About
9. Describe Arrow functions. us

Hide Answer

The ES6 Javascript version introduced Arrow functions. With the Arrow functions, we
can declare functions using new and shorter syntax. These functions can only be
used as function expressions. The declaration of these functions is done without
using the function keyword. Moreover, if there is a single returning expression, then
even the return keyword is not needed. Additionally, wherever the code occurs in a
single line only, we can omit the curly {} braces. If there is only one argument in a
function, then we can omit even the () parenthesis.

10. What are the main differences between Java and JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Java is a general-purpose programming language that is class-based, whereas

JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language. Java is used to create complete
applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers
and clients in a network. JavaScript is used to create interactive webpages that may
respond to user actions.

11. Which company developed JavaScript?

Hide Answer

The language was developed by Brenden Eich in 1995 when he was working as an
employee of netscape. He is also the founder of Mozilla foundation.

12. What are classes in Javascript?

Hide Answer
Classes in Javascript are templates for building objects. Classes bind the data with
About
code so that the data works as per the code. They were introduced in the ES6 version
us
of Javascript and while they were created on prototypes, they also have syntax and
semantics that are not common with ES5. Classes can be seen as special functions.
There are two components of class syntax: class expressions and class declarations.

Class expressions are one of the ways to define classes. They may or may not have
names. If a class expression has a name, it is held locally in the class body but can
be accessed through the name property. Before using class expressions, one must
declare them.

Another way to define classes is class declaration. For declaring a class, the class
keyword must be followed by the class name.

One class may use the properties of methods of another class by using the extend
keyword. Classes in Javascript must follow the strict mode. If the strict mode is not
followed, errors will appear.

13. Explain rest parameter and spread operator.

Hide Answer

The ES6 version of Javascript introduced the rest parameter and spread operator.

Rest Parameter

The use of three dots (...) before any parameter shows a rest parameter. This
improves the handling of function parameters. With the help of the rest parameter,
we can create such functions that can take a different number of arguments. By
using the rest parameter, all these arguments will be converted into arrays. The rest
parameter can also be used to extract any or all parts of an argument.

Spread Operator

Though the spread operator syntax is the same as that of the rest parameter, the
spread operators help to spread arrays and object literals. Another use of spread
operators is when one or more arguments are expected to be in a given function
call. So, while the rest parameter creates an array, a spread operator spreads an
array. About
us
14. How can you create objects in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Because JavaScript is fundamentally an object-oriented scripting language, it

encourages and supports using objects when developing web-based applications.

15. How can you make arrays in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Here's a simple method to create arrays with JavaScript using the array literal:

16. What is object destructuring?

Hide Answer

Object destructuring is a JavaScript feature to extract object properties and bind

these properties to variables. It can be used to extract several properties in a single
statement and can reach properties from nested objects. When no property exists,
object destructuring can set default values. About
us
17. Which is faster, JavaScript or ASP script?

Hide Answer

JavaScript is faster than ASP script, as it is a lightweight language that is designed to

run quickly in the browser. However, ASP script can perform more complex tasks that
JavaScript cannot, so it can be faster in certain situations.

18. Explain temporal dead zone.

Hide Answer

Temporal dead zone (TDZ) was introduced for the first time in the ES6 version of
JavaScript. TDZ is a behavior that occurs when a variable is accessed before it is
initialized. It is a language construct that helps to catch errors as accessing data
before initializing it is incorrect. When let and const keywords are used to declare
variables a TDZ may occur.

19. What is WeakMap in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

WeakMap object stores key-value pairs with weakly referenced keys. Keys in
WeakMap must only be objects, while values can be arbitrary. Primitive data types
cannot be keys in WeakMap. Since native WeakMap contains weakly referenced
keys, these keys can be garbage collected and therefore references get removed.
Also, because of the weak referencing, garbage collection of values in WeakMap is
not prevented. When information about a key is valuable ‘only if’ the key is not
garbage collected, WeakMap is useful in mapping keys to the information about
them.
 About
20. What are the rules for naming a variable in JavaScript?
us
Hide Answer

The following are the conventions for naming variables in JavaScript:

Variable names should not be identical to the reserved keywords. For example,
var, let, const, etc.

Variable names can't start with a numeric value. They should only begin with the
letter or underscore character.

Variable names have a case-sensitive nature.

21. What is WeakSet in Javascript?

Hide Answer

WeakSet in Javascript is a collection of unique and orderly objects. Unlike Set, a

WeakSet does not contain any other elements. Those objects of a collection that are
weakly held, appear in WeakSet. This also means that if there is no reference for a
weakly held object, it will be collected as garbage. There are three methods of
WeakSet: add(), delete(), and has().

22. What is Callback in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

In JavaScript, the functions are objects that can take different functions as
arguments and be returned by other functions. A callback is a JavaScript function
passed to another function as an argument, or parameter. This function is executed
when the function that it is passed to gets executed.

23. How to debug JavaScript code?

 Hide Answer
About
Modern web browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, etc.,us
include a built-in debugger that
can be opened anytime by pressing the appropriate key, typically the key F12.

24. What is Negative Infinity?

Hide Answer

The negative infinity is a constant value that represents the lowest available value.
This means that no number is less than this value. Negative Infinity is calculated by
dividing a negative number by zero.

25. Which character is used to split JavaScript Code spanning into multiple lines?

Hide Answer

The backslash, '' character, is used at the end of the first line if the JavaScript code is
spread across multiple lines.

26. What are the undeclared and undefined variables in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Undeclared variables are variables that do not exist in the program and therefore
are not declared. If a program attempts to determine the values of an undefined
variable, it will fail because of a runtime error.

Undefined variables refer to ones declared by the program but not given a value. If
the program attempts to find the values of an undefined variable the variable is
returned with an undefined value.

27. Explain global variables in JavaScript.

 Hide Answer
About
usreferred to as a global variable,
A variable declared outside of a function definition is
and its scope is across your entire program. This implies that its value is accessible
and adjustable throughout your program.

28. What does the prompt box mean in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

It displays an interactive dialog box that displays an optional prompt for users to
enter some text. It is typically used when users want to enter a number before
entering a webpage. This returns either a string containing the user's input text or a
null.

29. What is NULL in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

The NULL value signifies no value or no object. It is also known as an empty value or
empty object.

30. What is the "this" keyword in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

"this" refers to an object running the current line of code. It is a reference to the
object which executes the current function. If the function that is being referenced is
a regular one, "this" references the global object. If the function is a method of the
object, "this" refers to the object itself.

31. Define the purpose of timers in JavaScript.

 Hide Answer
About
Timers can be used to execute the code at an exactus
time or repeat the code within
an interval. This can be accomplished by employing the methods setTimeout,
setInterval, and clearInterval.

32. Which character is used to denote a comment?

Hide Answer

The // character is for single-line comments, and the /* */ characters are used for
multi-line comments.

33. Differentiate between ViewState and SessionState?

Hide Answer

ViewState: It is specific to the page state within the browser in a session.

SessionState: It's user-specific containing the data of the user session and allows
access to all data on the web pages.

34. What is the use of the === operator?

Hide Answer

The === operator is a strict comparison operator, meaning it checks for both the
value and the type of two variables.

35. Does JavaScript support automatic type conversion?

Hide Answer
JavaScript supports automatic type conversion. This is the most common method of
type conversion that JavaScript developers use. About
us

36. Define Variable Typing in JavaScript.

Hide Answer

Variable typing allows you to assign a numerical value to a variable. The same
variable could be assigned to a string.

37. What is the main difference between "==" and "===" in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

== tests only for value equality; however, "===" is a stricter equality test that returns
false if the value or the type of two variables is different.

38. How to find the operating system in the client machine using JavaScript?

Hide Answer

To detect the operating system, we can use a navigator.appVersion or

navigator.userAgent property in JavaScript.

39. What's the purpose of the delete operator in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Delete operator is used to delete the property and its value.

40. List all Pop-up box types in JavaScript.

 Hide Answer
About
The pop-up boxes available in JavaScript are Alert, us
Confirm, and Prompt.

41. What is the use of Void(0)?

Hide Answer

Void(0) stops pages from refreshing, and "zero" is used to pass the parameter while
calling.

42. Differentiate between an alert box and a confirmation box.

Hide Answer

An alert box shows only one button, an OK button. A confirmation box has two
buttons: the OK and Cancel buttons.

43. Define escape characters.

Hide Answer

In JavaScript, escape characters are used to represent special characters within a

string. Escape characters start with a backslash followed by a character. The
character that follows the backslash determines the special character being
represented.

44. Explain JavaScript Cookies.

Hide Answer

Cookies are small text files saved on the computer. They are created to store the
required information when users browse the website. Examples include Users Name
information and information about shopping carts from previous visits.
About
us

45. Explain the purpose of the pop() method.

Hide Answer

This pop() method works like the shift() method. However, the difference is the shift
method operates from the beginning of the array. The pop() method takes the final
element off of the given array and returns it. The array upon which it is called is then
altered.

46. What are break and continue statements?

Hide Answer

A break statement is a way to exit the current loop. The continue statement
continues with the next statement of the loop.

47. What's the purpose of the blur function in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

The blur function removes the focus from the specified object.

48. How to create Generic objects in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Generic objects can be created by:

 About
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INTERMEDIATE JAVASCRIPT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is the outcome of 4+2+"8"?

Hide Answer

The 4 and 2, in this case, behave as integers, and "8" behaves like a string. Therefore
4 + 2 equals 6. The output is 6+"8" = 68.

2. What keywords are used to handle the exceptions?

Hide Answer

The keywords commonly used to handle exceptions are: try, catch, finally, throw, and
throws.

3. How to print screen in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

By calling the window.print() method in the browser, we can print the content of the
current window in JavaScript.

4. How to submit a form using JavaScript?

 Hide Answer
About
us a form using JavaScript.
By using document.form[0].submit(), you can submit

5. What are the looping structures in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

while loop: A while loop control flow statement that allows code to run repeatedly in
response to a Boolean condition. The while loop is considered a repeated if
statement.

for loop: A for loop offers an easy structure to write. In contrast to a while loop, for
statement combines an initialization process, condition, and increment/decrement
in one line, thereby giving a simpler, easier-to-understand looping structure.

do while: A do-while loop can be like a while loop, but with the exception that it
examines the condition after executing the statements, which is why it's an instance
of the Exit Control Loop.

6. How to read a cookie?

Hide Answer

The process of reading a cookie with JavaScript is also very easy. We can use the
document.cookie string to store the cookies we have just created with the string.

The document.cookie string stores a list of name-value pairs separated by

semicolons. The "name" is the name given to the cookie, and the "value" is its value.
You can also employ split() method to split the value of the cookie into values and
keys.

7. How to delete a cookie using JavaScript?

Hide Answer
If you'd like to delete a cookie, so that future attempts to read it in JavaScript return
nothing, then you must change the date of expiration About
to a date in the past. Defining
us correct cookie. Certain
the cookie's path is important to ensure you erase the
browsers won't allow you to delete a cookie if the path is not specified.

8. How to create cookies using JavaScript?

Hide Answer

To create cookies using JavaScript, you must assign a string value to the
document.cookie object.

9. What is the main difference between Attributes and Property?

Hide Answer

Attributes- It provides more details on an element like id, type, value, etc.

Property- The value assigned to the property such as type="text" value='Name'.

10. How an HTML element is accessible in JavaScript code?

Hide Answer

Here are the methods by which an HTML element can be used in JavaScript code:

getElementById('idname'): Gets an element by its ID name

getElementsByClass('classname'): Gets all the elements that have the given class
name.

getElementsByTagName('tagname'): Gets all the elements with the given tag name.
querySelector(): It returns the first selected element using a CSS style selector.
About

11. In what ways a JavaScript code can be involvedus

in an HTML file?

Hide Answer

There are three ways that a JavaScript code can be used in the HTML file: Inline,
Internal, and External.

Inline JavaScript

Internal JavaScript

External JavaScript
12. What is unshift method in JavaScript? About
us
Hide Answer

It's used to add elements to the front of the array and provides the updated length
of the array. It's similar to a push method, which inserts elements at the beginning of
the array.

13. What is a Typed language?

Hide Answer

Typed Language is where the datatype is defined which is interpreted by the

machine at runtime.The typed language can be classified into two types:

Dynamically: In this case, the variable could contain multiple types; just like in JS
variables, a variable can be a number or characters.

Statically: In this case, the variable can only hold one data type. Like Java, the
variable declared of string can hold only one set of characters.

14. Name some JavaScript frameworks.

Hide Answer

JavaScript framework is an application framework written using JavaScript. In its

control flow, it is different from a JavaScript Library. There are many JavaScript
frameworks, but the most popular are: Angular, Node, Bootstrap, and Vue among
others.

15. What is the difference between Local storage & Session storage?

Hide Answer
Local Storage: The data is not transmitted directly to the server with each HTTP
About the traffic between the
request (HTML, images, JavaScript, CSS, etc), thus reducing
us through settings or
server and the client. It remains until removed manually
software.

Session Storage: It is identical to local storage; the only difference is that while the
data stored locally does not expire, whereas in session storage, it is deleted when
the session is over. Session Storage is removed once the browser closes.

16. What's the difference between a window and a document?

Hide Answer

JavaScript window can be described as a global object that contains properties and
methods that interact with it.

The document is a part of the window and is considered as the property of the
window.

17. What's the distinct difference between innerText and innerHTML?

Hide Answer

innerHTML - innertHTML returns the entire text, including the HTML tags, that are
contained within an element.

innerText - innerText returning the entire text that is contained within an element as
well as its child elements.

18. How to convert the string of a base to an integer using JavaScript?

Hide Answer
This parseInt() function can convert numbers between different bases. This function
returns an integer of a base specified in the secondAbout
argument of the parseInt()
method. us

19. What are Exports and Imports?

Hide Answer

Imports and exports allow the writing of modular JavaScript code. With the help of
exports and imports, we can break the code into multiple files.

20. What is the 'Strict' Mode in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

Strict Mode in JavaScript is a way to opt into a restricted variant of the language,
which enforces stricter parsing and error handling rules. It helps developers write
more secure and efficient code by catching common mistakes and potential bugs
that might otherwise go unnoticed.

When enabled, Strict Mode may throw errors for code that previously worked without
any issues, but it does so in order to catch potential issues that could lead to bugs or
security vulnerabilities. Strict Mode also disables some features of JavaScript that
could be problematic or confusing, such as the automatic creation of global
variables.

Overall, Strict Mode is a useful tool for writing safer and more reliable JavaScript
code, but it requires developers' care and attention to use effectively.

21. What is the difference between let and var?

Hide Answer

Let and var are utilized for method and variable declarations within JavaScript. The
primary difference between them is the scope in which these variables are used. The
variables that are declared using ‘Let’ are only used within the block where they are
declared. The variables declared by ‘Var’ are available across the function where
they are declared. About
us

22. Demonstrate the importance of isNaN() function in JavaScript.

Hide Answer

The isNaN() function is used to determine whether the given value is an illegal
number or not. If it returns true, the value is a NaN - Not a number. Else returns false.
It differs from the Number.isNaN() method.

23. What are the types of errors found in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

JavaScript has three types of errors: Runtime, Logical, and Syntax.

Syntax errors- These occur when the code violates the rules of the JavaScript
language. For example, a missing semicolon, an unclosed string, or an unexpected
token.

Logical errors - These occur when the code does not produce the desired outcome,
but there is no error message displayed. Logical errors are usually caused by
mistake in the code's logic or algorithm.

Runtime errors- These occur when the code is syntactically correct and logically
sound, but still throws an error during execution. For example, accessing an
undefined variable, calling a function that does not exist, or attempting to divide by
zero.

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ADVANCED JAVASCRIPT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
About
us
1. How would you go about debugging a JavaScript program that is not running
correctly?

Hide Answer

The first step to debugging a JavaScript program is to identify the error. This can be
done by using the JavaScript console in the browser’s developer tools. The console
will display any errors that occur during script execution such as syntax errors, type
errors, and reference errors. Once the error has been identified, the code can be
examined line by line to find the source of the issue and the issue can be addressed.

2. How would you create a function that takes two numbers and adds them
together?

Hide Answer

To create a function that takes two numbers and adds them together, you can use
the following code snippet:

3. Which method extracts a character from a certain index?

Hide Answer
We can retrieve a character from a certain index using the charAt() function.
About
4. How do you create a for loop in JavaScript? us

Hide Answer

A for loop in JavaScript takes 3 parameters (initialization, condition, and

increment/decrement) and contains a block of code that is executed until the
condition is met. For example:

5. What is the design prototype pattern?

Hide Answer

The Prototype design Pattern is described as a property pattern or prototype pattern

that can be used to create different objects and prototypes that are copied using a
template with specific values.

The key idea behind the Prototype Pattern is to use an existing object as a template
and create new instances by copying its properties. This approach can be more
efficient than creating new instances from scratch, especially if the object has a
complex initialization process. By copying an existing object, we can avoid the need
to repeat the initialization process for every new object that we create.

6. How is the Temporal Dead Zone defined?

Hide Answer

AIt is an area of block where a variable cannot be accessed until it is completely

initialized with a value by the computer. Incase, one tries to access it before
complete initialization, JavaScript throws “ReferenceError”. It is defined using const
and let keywords. About
us

7. What is the difference between the methods .map() and .forEach() in

JavaScript?

Hide Answer

The .map() and .forEach() methods are both used to iterate over an array, but the
.map() method can be used to transform an array by returning a new array with the
same number of elements but with different values. The .forEach() method is used to
perform an action on each element in the array without returning a new array. For
example:

8. How would you go about creating a method that returns the sum of all the
elements in an array?

Hide Answer

To create a method that returns the sum of all the elements in an array, you can use
the Array.prototype.reduce() method. For example:
 About
us

9. How to change style/class of an element?

Hide Answer

The style/class of an element can be changed in two ways.

document.getElementById("myText").style.fontSize = "14px;

document.getElementById("myText").className = "anyclass";

10. How can you get rid of duplicates from a JavaScript array?

Hide Answer

There are two ways we can eliminate duplicates from the JavaScript array:

Through the Filter Method:

The filter() method can use three arguments: arrays, current element, and the
current element's index.

Utilizing the For Loop

The For loop involves iterating through the original array and checking whether each
element has already been added to a new array. If it hasn't, the element is added; if
it has, it is skipped.

11. Explain how to read and write a file using JavaScript?

Hide Answer

For reading operations, the readFile() function is used.

readFile( Path, Options, Callback)

For writing operations,The writeFile() functions is used.
About
writeFile( Path, Data, Callback)
us

12. How can you target a particular frame from a hyperlink in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

This can be done by using the target attribute in the hyperlink. Like

13. What is the main difference between JavaScript and JScript?

Hide Answer

JavaScript:

It is a scripting programming language created by Netscape.

This is utilized to develop the server and client-side software.

It is independent of Java language.

JScript:

This is a scripting language created by Microsoft.

It's used to create interactive online content.

14. How can we hide JavaScript code from old browsers that don't support
JavaScript?

Hide Answer

To hide the JavaScript codes from old browsers that do not have support for
JavaScript, you can make use of:
 About
us
The majority of browsers from the past will consider it as a long comment of HTML.
New browsers that support JavaScript will treat it as an online message.
Alternatively, you could use the "noscript" element to provide alternative content that
will display for users who do not have JavaScript enabled.

15. What will be the output of the following code?

Hide Answer

Output: 0

16. Can you explain the usage of Internal and External JavaScript Code?

Hide Answer

When there are only a few lines of code for a particular webpage, it is preferable to
keep JavaScript code internal within the HTML document.
However, if the JavaScript code is used on multiple web pages, it is advisable to
keep the code in a separate file.

17. Write a sample code for JavaScript multiplication table.

Hide Answer
 About
us

18. What do you know about unescape() and escape() functions?

Hide Answer

The escape () function codes a string to transfer the information across a network
from one system to another.
Example
The unescape() function decodes the coded string.
Example About
us
19. Write a code to explain how unshift() works?

Hide Answer

20. Can you explain what screen objects are?

Hide Answer

Screen objects read the information from the screen of the client. Some properties of
screen objects are

AvailHeight: Provides the height of the screen

AvailWidth: Provides the width of the screen

ColorDepth: Provides the bit depth of images on the screen

Height: Provides the total height of the screen along with the taskbar

Width: Provides the total width of the screen, including the taskbar

21. Explain different functional components in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

The functional components in JavaScript are-

First-class functions: functions are used as first-class objects. This means they can
be passed as arguments to other functions, sent back About
as values from other
us as data structures.
functions, assigned to variables, or can even be saved

Nested functions: These are defined inside other functions and called every time the
main function is called.

22. Explain deferred scripts in JavaScript.

Hide Answer

When the page loads, HTML code parsing is paused by default till the time the script
has not fully executed. this happens when the server is slow or the script is heavy,
and the web page gets delayed. So by using Deferred script , scripts execution is
delayed till the HTML parser rums. this helps reduce the loading time of web pages
and they can be displayed faster.

23. Explain how event handlers are used in JavaScript.

Hide Answer

Whenever the user clicks the link or fills out a form, events take place. Events are the
actions that come off as a result of activities. An event handler serves to manage
the proper execution of all these events. They are an extra attribute if the object
which includes the vent's name and action is taken when the event takes place.

24. Explain how DOM is utilized in JavaScript.

Hide Answer

Document Object Model (DOM) is how different objects in a document interact with
each other. It is used for developing web pages that include objects like paragraphs,
links, etc. These Objects can be made to perform actions like add or delete. Also, it
adds extra abilities to a web page. About
us
25. How would you define a class in JavaScript?

Hide Answer

To define a class in JavaScript, you can use the class keyword. For example:

26. Explain event bubbling.

Hide Answer

In JavaScript, DOM elements can be nested inside each other.

Now, in such cases, when the handler of the child is clicked, the handler associated
with the parent will also work.

27. Define window.onload and onDocumentReady.

Hide Answer

Window.onload is an event that is fired when the page has finished loading. This
event is often used to perform tasks that need to be done after the page has loaded,
such as setting up event handlers, initializing components, or making AJAX requests.
About
On the contrary, onDocumentReady is an event that is fired when the page's HTML
us
document is ready to be interacted with. This event is often used to perform tasks
that need to be done when the page is ready, such as setting up event handlers,
initializing components, or making AJAX requests.

28. How to get the status of a CheckBox?

Hide Answer

The following syntax is used

alert(document.getElementById('checkbox1').checked);

29. How can you append a value to an array?

Hide Answer

We can append a value to an array by

arr[arr.length] = value;

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