CSC429

Computer Organization and Architecture

IBM-701 Electronic Data Processing Machine

Pensyarah: DR. RUZITA BINTI AHMAD

Name Matric no.

Muhd Iqmal Amsyar Bin Khairul Pahmi 2024800748

Muhammad Ihsan Fitri bin Mohammad Fadzil 2024422704

Syameer Nur Afif bin Sahrul 2024220912

Muhammad Haikal Bin Muhamad Fildaus 2024672324

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 Table of content

No Contents Pages

1. Introduction 1

2. Features 2

3. Components 3

4. Conclusion 4

5. References 5

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 INTRODUCTION

WRITTEN BY MUHD IQMAL AMSYAR BIN KHAIRUL PAHMI (2024800748)

The IBM 701 is a mainframe computer created by IBM when The IBM 70x computer
family was first introduced to the market for commercial sale.The computer was being
developed to process business data and scientific data.This machine was produced by a team
in 1951 lead by J. A. Haddad and Nathan Rochester.

The IBM 701 used Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) memory with about 20,000 digits of
memory per system, and with a clock cycle allowing it to multiply two numbers in one
millisecond.This computer was called “The Defense Calculator” because of its speed on
calculating .The Defense Calculator was created during the Korean War to meet a request from
the US Department of Defense.

IBM conduct a survey on current existing machines and applications in order to

IBM President Thomas J. Watson announced the IBM 701 as a Electronic Data
Processing System.The president claim that it could process all types of data in different
venues.The first model of IBM 701 was shipped to the IBM Headquarters located at New York
on December 1952.

The IBM 701 is the first machine that is produced to sufficient quantity to fullfill the
needs of a growing customer base. This machine have various detachable components that
helps to comprised the system.This mark the new era for IBM philosophy of creating machines
that can be upgraded rather than replacing the whole computer system.

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 FEATURES

WRITTEN BY MUHAMMAD IHSAN FITRI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL

IBM 701 was equipped with various features that it could perform. It was capable of
handling a scientific and complex calculation. Multiplication and division operation could be
performed by fixed point 456 microseconds. In comparison, addition and subtraction operation
can be performed by fixed point 60 microseconds. The Defense Calculator which is one of the
IBM 701 machines represented the first machine that could be produced in a sufficient quantity
to satisfy the needs of a growing customer and was a driving design principle for IBM.

IBM 701 also could be adapted with various input and output devices so the data would
be organized systematically. It could process punched card input as much as 150 cards per
minute while punched card output with 100 cards per minute.

Beside that, it was equipped with tape reading. IBM 701 was quite advanced for that
time with an approximate writing speed of 12,500 words per second.

In addition, IBM 701 had a simple instruction set which supported basic arithmetic and
basic operation. It had a word size of 36 bits and an instruction set of 33 operations.

Lastly, IBM 170’s main feature was processing all types of data in different venues.
Various tasks of processing data could be carried out including statistical analytics. The IBM
701 computer family represented the first mainframe computer systems that IBM developed
for commercial sale for scientific and business data processing use.

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 COMPONENTS

WRITTEN BY SYAMEER NUR AFIF BIN SAHRUL (2024220912)

The computer IBM 701 was one of the first commercial scientific computers. Its main
components include the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The main component was built on a
vacuum tube design which is used for processing tasks. It includes fundamental arithmetic and
logical functions, allowing for data manipulation. Next component is Magnetic Core Memory,
which can store 2048 words, with each word consisting of 27 bits. Memory access was
relatively fast for its time, allowing the CPU to retrieve and store data efficiently.

Another component is the Control Unit, which manages the data flow on the computer
and the execution of commands. It made sure that the right actions were performed in the right
order after decoding the instructions from memory. In order for the IBM 701 to run programs
and manage data storage, retrieval, and manipulation, this unit coordinated all of its operations.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is also the component of IBM 701. It used to perform a
variety of arithmetic operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It
also handled logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT, enabling comparisons and decision-
making based on binary logic.

Like other hardware, this computer also uses power supply to provide the necessary
electrical power to the system's components. Devices for input and output have three types of
components including card reader, printer and magnetic tape unit. Punch cards are used as the
main way to enter data and programs into the system. The printer was typically a line printer,
meaning it printed one line of text or numbers at a time. After a computation was completed,
the results could be directly sent to the printer for immediate output.

Magnetic tape unit is used for extra data management and storage. When magnetic tape
drives were developed for data storage and retrieval, they were able to store far more data than
punched cards. Collectively, all of these components allowed the IBM 701 to handle data and
carry out scientific calculations in its time.

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 CONCLUSION

WRITTEN BY MUHAMMAD HAIKAL BIN MUHAMAD FILDAUS (2024672324)

In conclusion we know the computer IBM 701 was one of the first commercial
scientific computers. In summary, the IBM 701 not only revolutionized computational
capabilities in the early 1950s but also demonstrated the potential for computers to solve
complex scientific problems. Its architecture and innovations, including the use of magnetic
core memory and early programming techniques, paved the way for future developments in
computer technology. The IBM 701's introduction marked the beginning of a new era in data
processing, influencing both the design of future computers and the growth of the software
industry. As a landmark in the evolution of computing, the IBM 701 remains a testament to the
power of innovation and the quest for efficiency in scientific research and industry applications.

The IBM 701, introduced in 1952, marked a significant milestone in the history of
computing as IBM's first commercial scientific computer. Its use of vacuum tube technology
allowed it to perform calculations at unprecedented speeds for its time, catering primarily to
scientific and engineering applications. With features like a magnetic drum memory and the
ability to handle floating-point arithmetic, the IBM 701 laid the groundwork for future
advancements in computing. Its success helped establish IBM as a leader in the computer
industry, influencing the development of subsequent models and the evolution of programming
languages. Overall, the IBM 701 represents a pivotal step in the transition from mechanical to
electronic computing, setting the stage for the digital revolution that followed.

The subroutines are important to be used when we are coding new programs with the
objective of speeding and simplifying the coding and the new programs are to be used in the
everyday operations of processing data files, However, this will only affect some of the General
Purpose Programs and they can modified quite easily to handle special cases, In the future,
effort will be directed towards building both the subroutine and the program libraries with an
added aim to obtaining equipment for card-to-tape and tape-to-printer conversation. Humans
in the future can decorate and do a something new same with IBM 701 and be more convenient
to used.

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REFERENCES

1. Yang, J., Chesbrough, H., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., UC Berkeley, & University of

Oulu.. The rise, fall, and resurrection of IBM Watson Health. Retrieved from

https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/27921/nbnfi-

fe2020050424858.pdf?sequence=1

2. Malla Reddy College Engineering. (2018). Lecture Notes On COMPUTER

ORGANIZATION and Database Management Systems. Malla Reddy Engineering

College (III Semester, Vol. III, p. 1). lecture notes. Retrieved from

https://mrecacademics.com/DepartmentStudyMaterials/2024052914017-

COMPUTER%20ORGANIZATION.pdf

3. Baker, C.L., 1956. The PACT I coding system for the IBM Type 701. Journal of the
ACM (JACM), 3(4), pp.272-278.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/320843.320845