REPORT

On

Exclusive Commerce

Submitted by

Name: Nishant Yadav

Registration number:12212073

(Computer Science and Engineering)

Under the Guidance of

Kamalpreet Kaur Bagral

School of Computer Science & Engineering

Lovely Professional University
(August – November 2024)
 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project work entitled Exclusive Commerce is an authentic record of our
own work carried out as requirements of Project for the award of B.Tech degree in Computer Science
from Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, under the guidance of Kamalpreet Kaur Bagral,
during August to November 2024. All the information furnished in this project report is based on my
own intensive work and is genuine.

Name of Student : Nishant Yadav

Registration Number: 12212073

Date: 14 November 2024

Revision History

Date Description Author Comments

2024-11-13 1.0.1 Nishant Yadav Intitial Launch
 Table of Contents

REVISION HISTORY .................................................................................................................................................

CLIENT APPROVAL ............................................................................................................. .....................................
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 PURPOSE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2
SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................................................................1.3
DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 1.4
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. ............................
1.5 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. ...............................
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... ...........................
2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.2
PRODUCT FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.3
USER CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2.4
GENERAL CONSTRAINTS .................................................................................................................................. .....
2.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES ......................................................................................................................
3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... .........................
3.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................
3.1.1 User Interfaces ............................................................................................................. ................................
3.1.2 Hardware Interfaces
.................................................................................................................................... 3.1.3 Software
Interfaces .................................................................................................................. .....................
3.1.4 Communications Interfaces ................................................................................................... .......................
3.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. ..
3.2.1 <Functional Requirement or Feature #1> ...................................................................................... .............
3.2.2 <Functional Requirement or Feature #2> ...................................................................................... .............
3.5 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................
3.5.1 Performance ........................................................................................................... ......................................
3.5.2 Reliability ........................................................................................................... ..........................................
3.5.3 Availability .......................................................................................................... .........................................
3.5.4 Security ........................................................................................................................ .................................
3.2.5 Maintainability ............................................................................................................. ................................
3.2.6 Portability ................................................................................................................. ...................................
3.7 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS ............................................................................................................................. .............
3.9 OTHER REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. ............
4. ANALYSIS MODELS ..........................................................................................................................................4.1
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS (DFD) ....................................................................................................................... .....
5. GITHUB LINK ................................................................................................................................................ #
5. CLIENT APPROVAL PROOF ............................................................................................................................5

A. APPENDICES .................................................................................................................. .........................................

A.1 APPENDIX 1 ........................................................................................................................... ...............................
A.2 APPENDIX 2 ........................................................................................................................... ...............................
 1. Introduction:
The purpose of this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is to provide a
comprehensive overview of the requirements and functionalities of an e-commerce web application.
The application aims to ease online shopping for customers, offering features such as adding items to
a shopping cart, managing user accounts, placing orders, and tracking order statuses. The system will
be developed using Node.js for the backend, with Express.js framework for server-side operations
and MongoDB for database management. Additionally, Laravel Mix will be used for front-end asset
compilation and optimization, while Tailwind CSS will enhance the styling of the user interface.

1.1 Purpose:

The purpose of growing this e-commerce net utility is to create a sturdy and efficient platform that
enables users to have interaction in online purchasing seamlessly. By providing a user-pleasant
interface and vital functionalities along with product browsing, cart management, and order
processing, the software ambitions to beautify the general shopping enjoy for customers.
Additionally, the machine will provide administrative equipment to control merchandise and orders
effectively, catering to the desires of both clients and administrators. Through the implementation of
modern net technology and best practices, the application intends to streamline the net shopping
system, thereby promoting user satisfaction and easing an enterprise boom.

1.2 Scope:

The scope of the e-commerce web software assignment encompasses diverse modules and
functionalities designed to meet the wishes of each customer and administrator. These consist
of:

1. User Authentication: Implementing stable user authentication mechanisms to allow

customers to sign in, log in, and manipulate their accounts.

2. Product Management: Providing administrators with equipment to add, edit, and cut
products, in addition to controlling product classes and attributes.

3. Shopping Cart Functionality: Allowing clients to feature merchandise to their shopping

cart, replace quantities, and take away gadgets as wished.

4. Order Processing: Easing the checkout system for clients, along with order affirmation,
coping with choice, and fee integration.

5. Order Management: Providing directors with the potential to view, system, and update the
reputation of orders, in addition to control order info and client records.
 6. User Dashboard: Offering a customized dashboard for registered users to view order
records.

7. Administrative Dashboard: Equipping administrators with a complete dashboard to reveal

sales, control product stock, and examine patron statistics.

8. Notification System: Implementing a notification machine to notify users order popularity

updates, account sports, and promotional offers.

9. Optimization: Perfecting the application for overall performance, such as quicker web page
load instances, green database queries, and responsive layout for various gadgets.

10. Security Measures: Implementing security features which include statistics encryption,
consumer authorization, and protection against commonplace net vulnerabilities to make sure
the safety of user statistics and transactions.

11. Scalability and Maintainability: Designing the application architecture in a scalable and
maintainable manner to deal with destiny growth and updates.

By addressing those factors in the scope of the task, the e-commerce net application targets to offer a
comprehensive and pleasant shopping level for users while easing green management for directors.

1.3 Definition, Acronyms and Abbreviations

1. SRS: Software Requirements Specification - A file that outlines the practical and non-useful
necessities of a software device.

2. NPM: Node Package Manager - A bundle manager for JavaScript programming language
that helps the installation and management of software packages and dependencies.

3. Yarn: A package manager for JavaScript programming language that offers improvements
over NPM in terms of performance, security, and reliability.

4. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets - A style sheet language used for describing the presentation
of a document written in HTML or XML.
5. HTML: Hypertext Markup Language - The well-known markup language for developing
internet pages and internet programs.

6. ExpressJS: A net application framework for NodeJS, designed for constructing net
applications and APIs.

7. EJS: Embedded JavaScript - A templating engine that generates HTML markup with
JavaScript templates.

8. SCSS: Sassy CSS - A preprocessor scripting language that is interpreted or compiled into
Cascading Style Sheets.

9. Dev Dependencies: Dependencies required for development and testing functions, not for
manufacturing use.

10. Nodemon: A utility that checks for modifications in NodeJS packages and mechanically
restarts the server.

11. Git: A distributed version manages machine used for tracking modifications in supply code at
some point of software program improvement.

12. Laravel Mix: An asset compilation tool constructed on pinnacle of webpack, used for
compiling JavaScript, CSS, and different assets.

13. Tailwind CSS: A application-first CSS framework for building custom designs without
having to leave your HTML.

14. MongoDB: A NoSQL database software that uses JSON-like files with schema.

15. Axios: A promise-based totally HTTP patron for the browser and NodeJS.

16. PassportJS: An authentication middleware for NodeJS that helps many authentication
techniques, along with username and password, OAuth, and extra.

17. CRUD: Create, Read, Update, Cut - Basic operations for chronic storage.

18. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol - The protocol used for transmitting information over the
World Wide Web.
 19. Socket.IO: A JavaScript library for real-time net packages, allowing bidirectional
communication among web customers and servers.

20. API: Application Programming Interface - A set of policies and protocols that allows oneofa-
kind software program applications to talk with every other.

21. URL: Uniform Resource Locator - A connection with a web useful resource that specifies its
place on a computer network and the mechanism for retrieving it.

22. JavaScript: A programming language this is normally used for growing interactive results
within web browsers.

2. General Description

This section of the SRS provides an overview of the general factors that influence the product and its
requirements. It aims to contextualize the project by considering various aspects that affect its
development and functionality. It is important to note that this section does not list specific
requirements but rather provides background information to aid in understanding the later detailed
requirements.

2.1 Product perspective

This subsection of the SRS gives context for the product by considering its relationship with other
related products or projects. It is ambitioned to explain how the proposed e-commerce internet
software fits inside the broader panorama of comparable systems and projects.

Comparison with Existing Solutions:

The e-commerce web application may be evolved as a standalone platform dedicated to easing online
purchasing for users. While there are various present e-commerce solutions to be had in the market,
every with its own set of features and functionalities, the proposed application pursuits to distinguish
itself by providing a completely unique aggregate of user-pleasant interface, sturdy overall
performance, and complete feature set.
Integration with External Services:
In addition to standalone operation, the e-commerce internet utility may additionally combine with
outside services and systems to decorate its capability and user enjoy.

Compatibility with Industry Standards:

The e-trade web utility will adhere to enterprise standards and satisfactory practices to make sure
compatibility and interoperability with existing structures and technologies. This consists of
compliance with web standards which include HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript, as well as adherence
to protocols and specs for information alternate, safety, and performance optimization.

Scalability and Extensibility:

As the e-trade market continues to evolve and grow, the proposed application needs to be designed to
scale and adapt to changing requirements and consumer demands. This includes enforcing scalable
architecture and modular design ideas that enable the addition of recent capabilities and
functionalities within the destiny.

Differentiation and Competitive Advantage:

While the e-commerce internet utility may percentage similarities with current solutions, it will strive
to differentiate itself through innovation, consumer enjoy, and cost proposition. By figuring out and
addressing gaps in the marketplace, in addition to using rising technology and tendencies, the
application aims to carve out a gap and set up a competitive gain in the crowded e-commerce
landscape.

By placing the e-trade internet utility in the context of related merchandise and initiatives,
stakeholders can take advantage of better information of its positioning, capability, and ability impact
in the broader atmosphere. This attitude informs choice-making approaches and publications
strategic planning for the successful improvement and deployment of the product.

2.2 Product Functions

This subsection of the SRS outlines the primary capabilities that the e-trade net application will
conduct. These capabilities embody the core capabilities and skills of the software, imparting a
comprehensive overview of its meant conduct and capability.

User Authentication and Authorization:

Allow customers to check in for an account.

Enable customers to log in securely with their credentials. Implement role-primarily based access
manipulate to limit positive functionalities to legal customers.

Product Management:

Enable directors to add, edit, and cut products.

Support categorization and business enterprise of merchandise into distinctive classes and
subcategories.
Provide functionalities for managing product attributes, which include size, coloration, and quantity.

Product Browsing:

Allow customers to browse through available products. Facilitate navigation

through product classes.

Shopping Cart Management:

Enable users to add products to their shopping cart.

Support the amendment of portions and elimination of gadgets from the cart. Display a
precis of gadgets in the cart and the full order quantity.

Order Processing:

Facilitate the checkout system for customers, which includes imparting transport and billing facts.
Validate consumer inputs and ensure the accuracy of order details. Generate
order confirmation and offer users with order monitoring data.

Order Management:

Provide directors with gear to view and control incoming orders.

Enable order processing functionalities, consisting of updating order popularity and staining orders
as shipped.
Support order success and integration with shipping companies for monitoring functions.

User Account Management:

Enable users to view order history and music the status in their orders.

Administrative Tools:

Provide directors with a dashboard to reveal website pastime, sales metrics, and stock ranges.
Support the management of product listings, categories, and attributes.
Implement reporting and analytics functions to offer insights into website performance and consumer
behavior.

Notifications and Alerts:

Implement a notification system to alert users order fame updates, promotions, and account sports.
Provide administrators with alerts for crucial occasions, together with low inventory stages or
pending orders.

Security Features:

Implement security features which include encryption, stable authentication, and safety in opposition
to commonplace net vulnerabilities to protect consumer information and transactions. These product
features together form the core functionalities of the e-commerce web software, providing users with
a seamless and fun buying level in even as allowing directors to effectively manipulate the platform's
operations.

2.3 User Characteristics

This subsection of the SRS describes the overall traits of the eventual customers of the product that
will have an impact on the necessities. Understanding the consumer demographics, possibilities, and
behavior eases in tailoring the software program to meet their needs correctly.

Customers:

Preferences: Users might also have preferences concerning product categories, brands, and pricing.
Behavior: Customers might also highlight one-of-a-kind buying behaviors, including surfing,
looking, and impulse buying.
Technical Proficiency: Users might also have varying levels of technical ability, ranging from
beginner to experienced internet users.
Expectations: Customers expect a user-friendly interface, easy navigation, secure transactions, and
prompt customer service. Administrators:

Roles and Responsibilities: Administrators are answerable for coping with the e-commerce
platform, such as product listings, orders, and consumer accounts.
Technical Proficiency: Administrators are expected to have a better level of technical ability in
comparison to everyday customers, as they need to interact with backend systems and conduct
administrative tasks.
Efficiency: Administrators require green gear and functionalities to streamline their responsibilities
and control the platform correctly.
Access Levels: Depending on their roles, administrators may need exceptional get admission to
range and permissions to perform precise moves, consisting of including products, processing orders,
and generating reviews.
Guest Users:

Limited Access: Guest customers are site visitors who have now not registered for an account on the
platform.
Browsing and Shopping: Guest users can browse merchandise, add objects to their cart, and go
ahead to checkout without creating an account.
Conversion Rate Optimization: The platform must provide a continuing guest checkout experience
to inspire conversion and minimize boundaries to buy.
Mobile Users:

On-the-Go Access: Mobile users get admission to the e-trade platform the usage of smartphones or
pills.
Responsive Design: The platform needs to be perfected for cellular devices, with responsive design
and intuitive navigation.
Mobile-Friendly Features: Mobile customers may pick capabilities inclusive of contact gestures,
simplified forms, and brief access to crucial functionalities.
Understanding these person characteristics allows the improvement crew to prioritize capabilities,
design intuitive consumer interfaces, and tailor the software program to meet the precise needs and
expectancies of different consumer corporations. By catering to the various needs of customers,
administrators, visitor customers, and mobile customers, the e-trade platform can decorate consumer
pleasure and drive engagement and conversions.

2.4 General Constraints

This subsection of the SRS outlines the overall constraints that may limit the developer's options for
designing the gadget. These constraints encompass several factors such as technical barriers,
regulatory requirements, budgetary constraints, and organizational rules, which affect the
improvement process and shape the final product.

Technological Constraints:

Compatibility: The machine ought to be like minded with technologies or structures, which includes
running systems, net browsers, or cellular gadgets.
Integration Requirements: Integration with present structures or third-party offerings can also
impose constraints on generation selections and implementation methods.
Performance Requirements: Performance constraints, which include reaction times, throughput,
and useful resource use, must be considered all through device layout and implementation.
Regulatory and Compliance Constraints:

Data Protection Regulations: Compliance with facts safety legal guidelines and regulations,
including GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act), might also impose constraints on statistics coping with, garage, and safety
features.
Industry Standards: Adherence to enterprise requirements and fine practices, which include PCI
DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) for fee processing, may dictate specific
necessities for system design and implementation. Budgetary and Resource Constraints:

Financial Limitations: Budget constraints may also restrict the assets available for system
improvement, along with employees, generation, and infrastructure.
Time Constraints: Project cut-off dates and time-to-marketplace issues may additionally impose
constraints at the improvement timeline, requiring efficient resource allocation and prioritization of
tasks.
Organizational Constraints:

Internal Policies: Organizational regulations and recommendations, inclusive of IT governance

frameworks or safety protocols, may additionally impose constraints on machine architecture,
technology selection, and implementation practices.
Stakeholder Requirements: Requirements and choices of stakeholders, which include clients,
management, and give up-customers, can also affect design decisions, and constrain device
development.
Environmental Constraints:

Infrastructure Limitations: Constraints related to the bodily or environmental conditions in which

the device will run, including community bandwidth, server capability, or geographical area, may
additionally impact machine layout and overall performance. Usability and Accessibility
Constraints:

Usability Requirements: Usability constraints, consisting of accessibility requirements and

suggestions (e.G., WCAG), may additionally dictate specific design considerations to make sure the
machine is usable by people with disabilities.
Multilingual Support: Requirements for multilingual guide may additionally impose constraints on
consumer interface design, content material localization, and internationalization efforts. Security
Constraints:
Security Policies: Compliance with organizational safety guidelines and requirements, in addition to
enterprise-precise protection necessities, may additionally impose constraints on gadget architecture,
facts encryption, and get entry to manipulate mechanisms.
By figuring out and addressing those general constraints prematurely, the improvement group can
correctly manipulate mission dangers, make informed layout decisions, and make certain a success
delivery of the gadget within the designated constraints and requirements.

2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies

This subsection of the SRS lists each of the factors that affect the requirements said in the document.
These factors are not design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can
affect the requirements in the SRS.

Assumptions:

It is assumed that the development team has access to necessary hardware and software resources
needed for the development and testing of the e-commerce web application.
It is assumed that the hosting environment for the application will support the technologies and
frameworks chosen for development, including Node.js, Express.js, MongoDB, and Laravel Mix. It
is assumed that users will have access to modern web browsers and stable internet connections for
accessing the e-commerce platform. Dependencies:

The development and deployment of the e-commerce web application depend on third-party services
and APIs for functionalities such as payment processing, shipping integration, and email
notifications.
The implementation of certain features, such as real-time order tracking and notification alerts, may
depend on the availability and integration of external services or libraries, such as socket.io for
realtime communication.
The e-commerce platform may rely on external databases or data sources for product information,
pricing, and inventory management, which may affect data synchronization and consistency.
Changes in regulatory requirements or industry standards, such as updates to data protection laws or
payment security standards, may need modifications to the software to ensure compliance. These
assumptions and dependencies serve as important considerations for the development team, guiding
decision-making processes and ensuring that the software requirements stay aligned with the
project's aims and constraints. Any changes to these factors may require corresponding updates to the
SRS to reflect the evolving needs and circumstances of the project.

3. Specific Requirements
3.1 External Interface Requirements

3.1.1 User Interfaces

This section describes the user interfaces (UI) of the e-commerce web application, including the
layout, design elements, and interactions available to users. The UI design aims to provide an
intuitive and visually appealing experience for users, easing seamless navigation and interaction with
the platform.

1. Homepage
1.1 Header
The header section has the application logo, navigation menu, and user authentication options
(login/register).
Upon login, the user's account options are displayed.

1.2 Main Content

The main content section highlights featured products, promotions, and new arrivals. Products
are displayed in a grid layout with product images, names, prices, and "Add to Cart" buttons.

1. 3-Footer
The footer section includes links to important pages such as About Us, Contact, Terms of Service,
and Privacy Policy.
Social media icons are provided for users to follow the application on various platforms.

2. Product Listings Page

2.1 Product Cards
Each product is displayed as a card with an image, name, price, and "Add to Cart" button. Hovering
over a product card reveals more information such as product ratings and reviews.

3. Product Details Page

3.1 Product Image and Description
The product details page displays a larger image of the selected product along with a detailed
description.
More information such as product specifications, sizes, and colors are provided.
3.2 Quantity Selector and "Add to Cart" Button
Users can select the desired quantity of the product using a dropdown selector.
An "Add to Cart" button allows users to add the selected product to their shopping cart.

4. Shopping Cart
 4.1 Cart Summary
The shopping cart page displays a summary of items added to the cart, including product images,
names, quantities, prices, and total amounts.
Users can change the quantity of each item or remove items from the cart.
4.2 Checkout Button
A prominent "Checkout" button allows users to go ahead to the checkout process to complete their
purchase.
5. Checkout Process
5.1 Shipping and Billing Information
Users are prompted to enter shipping and billing information, including name, address, email, and
payment details.
5.2 Order Summary
A summary of the order, including the list of items, subtotal, taxes, shipping fees, and total amount,
is displayed for review.
5.3 Confirmation Page
Upon successful completion of the checkout process, users are directed to a confirmation page with
details of their order and a confirmation message.

6. Account Management

6.1 Order History

A dedicated section allows users to view their order history, including past purchases, order status,
and tracking information.
These user interface descriptions provide a comprehensive overview of the layout, features, and
interactions available to users across different pages of the e-commerce web application. The UI
design aims to enhance user experience and ease seamless navigation and interaction with the
platform.

3.1.2 Hardware Interfaces

This section outlines the hardware components with which the e-commerce web application
interacts. While the application primarily runs in a web-based environment, there may be interactions
with specific hardware devices or interfaces for certain functionalities.

1. Web Browser
The e-commerce web application is primarily accessed through web browsers on various devices,
including desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The application's user interface is
designed to be compatible with modern web browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,
Safari, and Microsoft Edge.

2. Mobile Devices
Users may access the e-commerce web application using mobile devices, including smartphones and
tablets. The application's responsive design ensures best display and usability across different screen
sizes and resolutions.

3. Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems

For physical retail locations or omnichannel operations, the e-commerce platform may integrate with
point-of-sale (POS) systems for inventory management, order processing, and payment processing.
Integration with POS systems enables seamless synchronization of online and offline sales channels.

5. Payment Terminals
The e-commerce platform meets with payment terminals or payment gateways for processing online
payments securely. Integration with payment terminals allows users to make payments using credit
cards, debit cards, and other electronic payment methods.

6. Shipping Label Printers

For order fulfillment and shipping operations, the e-commerce platform may integrate with shipping
label printers for printing shipping labels and order invoices. Integration with shipping label printers
streamlines the order fulfillment process and ensures correct shipping information.

7. Customer Support Tools

Customer support agents may use hardware devices such as computers, telephones, and headsets to
interact with customers and aid with order inquiries, product recommendations, and issue resolution.
Integration with customer support tools enables seamless communication and collaboration between
customer support teams and users.

These hardware interfaces ease the operation and functionality of the e-commerce web application
across various devices and environments, ensuring seamless integration with existing hardware
systems and devices used in retail, fulfillment, and customer support operations.

3.1.3 Software Interfaces

This section describes the software components and systems with which the e-commerce web
application interacts. These interfaces enable communication, data exchange, and integration with
external software systems, services, and platforms to enhance the functionality and capabilities of the
application.

1. Payment Gateways
The e-commerce web application interfaces with payment gateways to ease secure online
transactions. Commonly used payment gateways include PayPal, Stripe, Square, and Authorize.Net.
Integration with payment gateways enables users to make payments using credit cards, debit cards,
and other electronic payment methods securely.
3. Content Management Systems (CMS)
The e-commerce web application may meet with content management systems such as WordPress,
Drupal, or Joomla for managing website content, blog posts, and marketing materials. Integration
with CMS platforms enables seamless content publishing and management within the e-commerce
platform.

4. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems

Integration with customer relationship management (CRM) allows the e-commerce platform to
manage customer interactions, track customer inquiries, and analyze customer behavior. Integration
with CRM systems enables personalized marketing campaigns, customer segmentation, and lead
management.

5. Inventory Management Systems

Integration with inventory management systems enables real-time inventory tracking, stock level
updates, and order synchronization across multiple sales channels.

6. Analytics and Reporting Tools

The e-commerce web application may meet with analytics and reporting tools such as Google
Analytics, Adobe Analytics, or Mix panel for tracking website traffic, user behavior, and sales
performance. Integration with analytics tools enables data-driven decision-making, performance
monitoring, and optimization of marketing strategies.

8. Social Media Platforms

For social media marketing and engagement, the e-commerce web application interfaces with social
media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest. Integration with social media
platforms enables sharing of products, user-generated content, and promotional offers, as well as
tracking of social media engagement and referrals.

These software interfaces ease the integration of the e-commerce web application with external
software systems and platforms, enabling enhanced functionality, data exchange, and automation of
business processes. Integration with third-party software systems enhances the user experience,
streamlines operations, and drives business growth.

3.1.4 Communications Interfaces

This section describes the communication protocols and interfaces used by the e-commerce web
application to interact with external systems, services, and users. These interfaces ease data
exchange, message transmission, and interaction between different components of the application
and external entities.
1. HTTP/HTTPS Protocol
The e-commerce web application communicates with clients (web browsers) using the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or its secure variant, HTTPS. HTTP/HTTPS protocols enable the
transmission of web pages, images, scripts, and other resources between the server and client devices
over the internet.

2. RESTful API
For integration with external systems and services, the e-commerce platform exposes a
Representational State Transfer (RESTful) API. RESTful APIs allow external applications to access
and manipulate resources within the e-commerce platform, such as products, orders, and user
accounts, using standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

3. WebSocket Protocol
The e-commerce web application uses the WebSocket protocol for real-time communication and
messaging between the server and client devices. WebSocket allows bidirectional communication
channels to be set up between the server and client, enabling instant updates, notifications, and live
chat functionality within the application.

7. Social Media APIs

Integration with social media APIs such as Facebook Graph API, Twitter API, and Instagram API
enables the e-commerce platform to interact with social media platforms programmatically. Social
media APIs allow for sharing of product listings, user-generated content, and promotional offers on
social media channels directly from the e-commerce platform.

8. Webhooks
Webhooks offer a mechanism for the e-commerce platform to receive real-time notifications and
updates from external systems and services. Webhooks enable event-driven communication, allowing
the platform to react to events such as new orders, inventory updates, or payment confirmations from
external sources.

These communications interfaces enable the e-commerce web application to interact with external
systems, services, and users effectively, easing data exchange, real-time communication, and
automation of business processes. By using these interfaces, the platform enhances user experience,
improves operational efficiency, and enables seamless integration with third-party services and
platforms.
3.2 Functional Requirements
Functional requirements specify the behavior and functionality of the e-commerce web application.
This section outlines the inputs, processing logic, outputs, and error handling mechanisms for each
functional requirement.

Introduction
The functional requirements describe the specific actions and behaviors that the e-commerce web
application must perform to meet user needs and business aims.

Inputs
Inputs are the data or information provided to the system to start or trigger specific actions or
processes. These inputs are essential for executing various functionalities of the e-commerce
application.

User Registration Information:

Inputs include user-provided information such as name, email address and password during the
registration process.
Added inputs may include user preferences, profile settings, and communication preferences.
Product Details:

Inputs include product information such as name, description, price, quantity, and images entered by
administrators during product management.
Product attributes, categories, and tags may also serve as inputs for organizing and categorizing
products.
Order Details:

Inputs consist of order-related information such as selected products, quantities, shipping address,
billing details, and payment method entered by users during the checkout process.
Processing
Processing refers to the actions, computations, or transformations performed by the system in
response to inputs received. It involves executing business logic, performing calculations, and
updating data based on the provided inputs.

User Authentication and Authorization:

Processing involves validating user credentials during the login process and verifying user identity
for accessing protected resources.
Authorization logic decides the permissions and access levels granted to authenticated users based on
their roles and privileges. Product Management:
Processing includes adding, editing, and cutting products from the database based on user input. Data
validation ensures that product details are correct and consistent before being saved to the database.
Order Processing:

Processing involves calculating the total order amount, including taxes and shipping fees, based on
the selected products and shipping destination.
Inventory management logic updates product quantities and availability status after an order is
placed to prevent overselling. Outputs
Outputs are the results, responses, or outcomes produced by the system because of processing inputs.
These outputs provide users with information, feedback, or confirmation about their actions or
requests.

User Registration Confirmation:

Output includes a confirmation message or email sent to users upon successful registration,
welcoming them to the platform.
User registration confirmation may also include instructions for account activation or verification if
needed.
Product Listings and Details:

Outputs consist of product listings, descriptions, images, and prices displayed to users for browsing
and selection.
Product details pages provide more information such as product specifications, reviews, and related
products.
Order Confirmation and Receipt:

Output includes an order confirmation page displayed to users after successful checkout,
summarizing the order details and providing a receipt.
Users receive order confirmation emails having order details, payment receipts, and estimated
delivery dates. Error Handling
Error handling mechanisms address situations where the system encounters exceptions, invalid
inputs, or failures during processing. These mechanisms ensure graceful error recovery, user
notification, and system stability.

Invalid User Credentials:

Error handling notifies users of invalid login credentials and prompts them to retry or reset their
password if necessary.
User authentication failures are logged for security auditing and monitoring purposes. Out-of-Stock
Products:
Error handling notifies users when selected products are out of stock and prompts them to remove or
update their selections.
Users may be provided with alternative product suggestions or notified when the selected products
become available again.
Payment Processing Errors:

Error handling addresses payment processing errors such as declined transactions, expired payment
methods, or insufficient funds.
Users are prompted to review and correct payment information or select an alternative payment
method to complete the transaction.
These functional requirements define the inputs, processing logic, outputs, and error handling
mechanisms necessary for the e-commerce web application to fulfill its intended functionalities
effectively and provide users with a seamless shopping experience.

3.3 Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements specify the quality attributes, characteristics, and constraints that
govern the behavior of the e-commerce web application. This section outlines the non-functional
requirements related to performance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability.

Performance Response Time:

The e-commerce web application shall respond to user interactions, such as page loads and form
submissions, within 3 seconds on average.

Scalability:

The application architecture shall support horizontal scaling to accommodate increasing user traffic
and workload demands.
Database and server resources shall scale dynamically to keep consistent performance during peak
usage periods.
Reliability
Fault Tolerance:

The e-commerce platform shall be resilient to system failures, hardware faults, and network
disruptions.
Fault-tolerant mechanisms such as redundant servers, data backups, and failover strategies shall be
implemented to minimize service downtime. Error Handling:

The application shall manage errors gracefully, providing informative error messages and guiding
users towards corrective actions.
Error logging and monitoring mechanisms shall capture and report system errors for troubleshooting
and analysis.
Availability
Uptime Requirement:

The e-commerce web application shall strive to achieve a minimum uptime of 99.9% over a 30-day
period, excluding scheduled maintenance windows.
Planned maintenance activities shall be communicated to users in advance through notifications and
announcements. Redundancy:

Redundant server instances, load balancers, and database replicas shall be deployed to ensure high
availability and minimize service disruptions.
Failover mechanisms shall automatically redirect traffic to healthy server instances if hardware or
software failures.
Security
Data Encryption:

User authentication credentials, payment information, and sensitive personal data shall be encrypted
using industry-standard encryption algorithms during transmission and storage.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols shall be enforced to encrypt
data exchanged between the client and server. Access Control:

Role-based access control (RBAC) mechanisms shall be implemented to restrict access to sensitive
functionalities and administrative features based on user roles and permissions.
Authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) shall be available to enhance
user account security. Maintainability Code Modularity:

The application shall adhere to modular design principles, with well-defined components and
separation of concerns to ease code maintenance and extensibility.
Code documentation, comments, and coding standards shall be enforced to promote readability and
maintainability.
Version Control:

Source code shall be managed using version control systems (e.g., Git), with regular commits,
branching strategies, and release tagging for tracking changes and managing codebase versions.
Portability
Cross-Browser Compatibility:

The e-commerce application shall be compatible with major web browsers, including Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge, across different operating systems and
devices.
Responsive design techniques shall be employed to ensure best display and usability on desktops,
laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Cloud Deployment:
The application shall be designed for deployment in cloud environments such as Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP), using cloud-native services and
infrastructure for scalability and flexibility.
These non-functional requirements define the quality attributes and constraints that shape the overall
performance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability of the e-commerce web
application, ensuring that it meets user expectations and business aims effectively.

3.4 Design Constraints

Design constraints impose limitations or restrictions on the design and implementation of the
ecommerce web application. These constraints may be imposed by external factors, technical
considerations, or business requirements, influencing the design decisions and implementation
approach.

Technology Stack Compatibility:

The e-commerce platform must be compatible with the selected technology stack, including
programming languages, frameworks, and libraries chosen for development.
Compatibility with specific versions of Node.js, Express.js, MongoDB, and other dependencies must
be ensured to keep consistency and stability. Third-Party Service Integration:

Integration with third-party services and APIs, such as payment gateways, shipping carriers, and
email marketing platforms, must adhere to their respective integration guidelines and protocols.
Compatibility with legacy systems or existing infrastructure may impose constraints on the choice
and implementation of integration solutions. Regulatory Compliance:

The e-commerce platform must follow relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards governing
data privacy, security, and consumer protection.
Compliance with payment card industry (PCI) data security standards and General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR) requirements may impose constraints on data handling and storage practices.
User Experience Guidelines:

The user interface design and user experience (UX) must align with industry best practices and
usability guidelines to ensure intuitive navigation and accessibility.
Compliance with branding guidelines, style guides, and design standards may impose constraints on
visual elements, color schemes, and layout choices. Performance Requirements:

Performance constraints, such as response time targets and throughput thresholds, must be met to
provide a responsive and scalable user experience.
Constraints on server resources, bandwidth, and latency may influence architectural decisions and
optimization strategies to achieve desired performance levels. Budgetary Constraints:
Budget limitations may affect the selection of development tools, hosting providers, and third-party
services, requiring cost-effective solutions and resource allocation.
Trade-offs between functionality, performance, and cost-effectiveness may need to be considered to
stay within budget constraints while delivering a competitive e-commerce platform. Time
Constraints:

Project deadlines and time-to-market considerations may impose constraints on the design and
development timeline, requiring prioritization of features and iterative delivery. Agile
development methodologies and rapid prototyping approaches may be adopted to accommodate
time constraints and ensure prompt delivery of key milestones.
These design constraints influence the planning, architecture, and implementation of the e-commerce
web application, guiding decision-making processes and shaping the final product to meet business
requirements and stakeholder expectations within the specified constraints.

3.5 Other Requirements

Other requirements encompass added considerations, preferences, or specifications that are relevant
to the e-commerce web application but may not fit neatly into the categories of functional,
nonfunctional, or design constraints. These requirements address miscellaneous aspects that
contribute to the overall success and usability of the application.

Localization and Internationalization:

The e-commerce platform shall support multiple languages and currencies to cater to a global
audience.
Localization features, such as translated content and region-specific pricing, shall be available to
provide a personalized experience for users from different geographic regions. Search Engine
Optimization (SEO):

The application shall adhere to search engine optimization best practices to improve visibility and
ranking on search engine results pages (SERPs).
SEO-friendly URLs, meta tags, sitemaps, and structured data markup shall be implemented to
enhance organic search performance and drive traffic to the website. Accessibility Compliance:

The e-commerce platform shall conform to accessibility standards and guidelines, such as the Web
Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), to ensure equal access and usability for users with
disabilities.
Accessibility features, such as keyboard navigation support, alternative text for images, and semantic
HTML markup, shall be implemented to accommodate diverse user needs. Analytics and Reporting:
The application shall integrate with analytics and reporting tools to track key performance indicators
(KPIs), user behavior, and sales metrics.
Customizable dashboards, reports, and data visualizations shall be available to check website
performance, analyze trends, and make data-driven decisions. Customer Support and Helpdesk
Integration:

Integration with customer support and helpdesk systems, such as Zendesk or Freshdesk, shall enable
efficient handling of customer inquiries, feedback, and support tickets.
Seamless communication channels, including live chat support, email ticketing, and knowledge base
access, shall be provided to aid users and resolve issues promptly. Feedback and Reviews
Management:

The application shall feature mechanisms for collecting and managing user feedback, product
reviews, and ratings.
Moderation tools, spam filters, and review aggregation algorithms shall be implemented to keep
quality and credibility of user-generated content. Social Media Integration:

Integration with social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, shall enable
social sharing, engagement, and referral traffic.
Social login options, social sharing buttons, and social proof elements shall be incorporated to use
social media channels for marketing and customer acquisition. Continuous Improvement and
Iterative Development:

The development process shall follow agile methodologies, allowing for iterative development,
frequent releases, and continuous improvement based on user feedback and market trends. Feedback
loops, usability testing, and A/B testing shall be conducted to gather insights, confirm assumptions,
and iterate on features to meet evolving user needs.
These other requirements address miscellaneous aspects that contribute to the overall functionality,
usability, and success of the e-commerce web application, ensuring that it meets user expectations,
industry standards, and business aims effectively.