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MySQL 05 April 2025

The document contains a series of MySQL commands executed on a database named 'ditiss', showcasing various queries on employee data, including retrieving employee details, filtering by job titles and salaries, and sorting results. It also includes commands to show the structure of the database and the contents of the 'emp' and 'dept' tables. The queries demonstrate operations such as selecting, filtering, and ordering data based on specific criteria.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

0 views

MySQL 05 April 2025

Uploaded by

laptopnaray

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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07-April-2025:

mysql> use ditiss

Database c9191hanged

mysql> select * from emp;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where job='CLERK' and sal>1000;

+-------+--------+-------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where comm is null;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> select * from emp where ename like '%T';
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> select length(ename) from emp;

+---------------+
| length(ename) |
+---------------+
| 5|
| 5|
| 4|
| 5|
| 6|
| 5|
| 5|
| 5|
| 4|
| 6|
| 5|
| 5|
| 4|
| 6|
+---------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select ename, length(ename) from emp where length(ename)=4;

+-------+---------------+
| ename | length(ename) |
+-------+---------------+
| WARD | 4|
| KING | 4|
| FORD | 4|
+-------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp;

mysql> select * from emp where mgr like '%2';

+-------+--------+-------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where hiredate like '%-05-%';

+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where hiredate like '%_05_%';

mysql> select month(hiredate) from emp;

+-----------------+
| month(hiredate) |
+-----------------+
| 12 |
| 2|
| 2|
| 4|
| 9|
| 5|
| 6|
| 12 |
| 11 |
| 9|
| 1|
| 12 |
| 12 |
| 1|
+-----------------+
14 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by ename ;

mysql> select * from emp order by ename asc;
(- BY DEFAULT IT IS ASSENDING ORDER)
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by deptno asc;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by deptno asc,ename;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by deptno desc,ename;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by year(hiredate);

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by year(hiredate),deptno;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+--------+-----------+

mysql> select * from emp order by year(hiredate),deptno,job;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by year(hiredate),deptno,job,ename;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno,count(ename) from emp group by deptno;
+--------+--------------+
| deptno | count(ename) |
+--------+--------------+
| 20 | 5|
| 30 | 6|
| 10 | 3|
+--------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> select deptno,job,count(ename) from emp group by deptno,job;

+--------+-----------+--------------+
| deptno | job | count(ename) |
+--------+-----------+--------------+
| 20 | CLERK | 2|
| 30 | SALESMAN | 4|
| 20 | MANAGER | 1|
| 30 | MANAGER | 1|
| 10 | MANAGER | 1|
| 20 | ANALYST | 2|
| 10 | PRESIDENT | 1|
| 30 | CLERK | 1|
| 10 | CLERK | 1|
+--------+-----------+--------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno,job,count(ename) from emp group by deptno,job order by

deptno,job;
+--------+-----------+--------------+
| deptno | job | count(ename) |
+--------+-----------+--------------+
| 10 | CLERK | 1|
| 10 | MANAGER | 1|
| 10 | PRESIDENT | 1|
| 20 | ANALYST | 2|
| 20 | CLERK | 2|
| 20 | MANAGER | 1|
| 30 | CLERK | 1|
| 30 | MANAGER | 1|
| 30 | SALESMAN | 4|
+--------+-----------+--------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by deptno asc, mgr asc, ename asc;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select mgr from emp where ename = 'SMITH';

+------+
| mgr |
+------+
| 7902 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from emp where empno=(select mgr from emp where ename='SMITH');
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select mgr from emp where ename = 'ward';

+------+
| mgr |
+------+
| 7698 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where empno=(select mgr from emp where ename='ward');
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno from dept where dname='SALES';

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 30 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where
dname='SALES');
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno from emp where job='SALESMAN';

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select distinct deptno from emp where job ='SALESMAN';

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 30 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> select sal from emp ;
+---------+
| sal |
+---------+
| 800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
| 950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
+---------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select distinct sal from emp;

+---------+
| sal |
+---------+
| 800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
| 950.00 |
| 1300.00 |
+---------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno from dept where loc in ('CHICAGO','NEW YORK');

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 10 |
| 30 |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept where loc in
('CHICAGO','NEW YORK'));
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.03 sec)

TO DROP DUPLICATE DATABASE:

Drop database ditiss;
Create database ditiss;
Run script once

–OR–

Drop table emp;

Drop table dept;
Drop table salegrade;
Drop table

mysql> select deptno from emp where sal in (5000,3000,1500);

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 20 |
| 10 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ques: Find the details of heist paid employee?

mysql> select * from emp order by sal desc limit 0,1;
+-------+-------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp order by sal desc limit 0,3;

+-------+-------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ques: How to Create a table in DBMS?

mysql> create table student
-> ( sno int(3),
-> sname char(10),
-> city varchar(25),
-> dob date,
-> feepaid DECIMAL(7,2)
-> );
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_ditiss |
+------------------+
| bonus |
| dept |
| dummy |
| emp |
| salgrade |
| student |
+------------------+6 rows in set (0.04 sec)
Ques: Create Table For CDAC Course.?
mysql> create table cdac
-> ( sno int(3),
-> sname char(10),
-> city varchar(25),
-> dob date,
-> feepaid DECIMAL(7,2)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.27 sec)

mysql> show databases;

Ques: Insert the Data into student table.

mysql> insert into student values (5,'RAM','PUNE','1999-04-07',9575.50);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> insert into student values (2,'VIVEK','PUNE','2001-05-07',9999.90);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> insert into student values (2,'sham','vrindavan','1975-01-26',9999.90);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from student;

+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | PUNE | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | PUNE | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 2 | sham | vrindavan | 1975-01-26 | 9999.90 |
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into student (sno,sname,dob) values (5,'Raj','2005-07-07');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into student (sname,dob,sno,feepaid,city) values

('kamal','1987-08-25',10,5000,'pune');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from student;

+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | PUNE | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | PUNE | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 2 | sham | vrindavan | 1975-01-26 | 9999.90 |
| 5 | Raj | NULL | 2005-07-07 | NULL |
| 10 | kamal | pune | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ques. If you have to change or add value in NULL.

mysql> update student
-> set city='Mumbai'
-> where sno=5;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | Mumbai | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | PUNE | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 2 | sham | vrindavan | 1975-01-26 | 9999.90 |
| 5 | Raj | Mumbai | 2005-07-07 | NULL |
| 10 | kamal | pune | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+-----------+------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ques . All set Same City.

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update student

-> set city= 'Mumbai'
-> ;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;

+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | Mumbai | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | Mumbai | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 2 | sham | Mumbai | 1975-01-26 | 9999.90 |
| 5 | Raj | Mumbai | 2005-07-07 | NULL |
| 10 | kamal | Mumbai | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ques. Rollback Not works by default it OFF

mysql> rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;

mysql> update student

-> set city ='pune',
-> feepaid=3000
-> where sname='Raj';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;

+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | Mumbai | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | Mumbai | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 2 | sham | Mumbai | 1975-01-26 | 9999.90 |
| 5 | Raj | pune | 2005-07-07 | 3000.00 |
| 10 | kamal | Mumbai | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

IN SQL WORKBANCH:
use ditiss;
show tables;
select * from student;
delete from student where sname='Raj';
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;
start transaction;
insert into student (sname,dob,sno,feepaid,city) values ('kamal',1987-08-25,10,5000,'pune');
commit;
delete from student where city='pune';
rollback;
FOR OFF THE DEFAULT ROLLBADK OPTION:
RESULT:
TO ADD PRIMARY KEY:

mysql> ALTER TABLE student

-> ADD PRIMARY KEY(sno);

mysql> CREATE TABLE COURSE

-> (CID INT PRIMARY KEY,
-> CNAME VARCHAR(15));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE STUDENTS

-> (SNO INT PRIMARY KEY,
-> SNAME VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
-> COURSEID INT NOT NULL,
-> FOREIGN KEY (COURSEID) REFERENCES COURSE(CID)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.96 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE COURSE

-> (CID INT PRIMARY KEY,
-> CNAME VARCHAR(15));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE STUDENTS

-> (SNO INT PRIMARY KEY,
-> SNAME VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
-> COURSEID INT NOT NULL,
-> FOREIGN KEY (COURSEID) REFERENCES COURSE(CID)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.96 sec)

mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES (1,'DITISS');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES (2,'DAC');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES

mysql> INSERT INTO STUDENTS VALUES (1, 'ANAND',1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

+-----+-------+----------+
| SNO | SNAME | COURSEID |
+-----+-------+----------+
| 1 | ANAND | 1|
+-----+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DROP ALTER DELETE :

https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_alter.asp

CHANGE COLUMN NAME :

https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_alter.asp

Ques. ALTER TABLE students CHANGE Email Emails;

DDL - DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE:

CREAT DROP ALTER
mysql> select * from student;
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | Mumbai | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | Mumbai | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 10 | kamal | Mumbai | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table s1 as select * from student;

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from s1;

+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | Mumbai | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | Mumbai | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 10 | kamal | Mumbai | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> truncate table s1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)

mysql> select * from s1;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc s1;

mysql> create table s2 as select * from student;

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.26 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

DELETE TABLE STRUCTURE ALSO:

mysql> drop table s2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)

mysql> select * from s2;

ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'ditiss.s2' doesn't exist
mysql>
09-April-2025:
Specialization
Spaid (pk)
Description

1 Surgeon.
2 Orthopedist.
3 Neurologist.
4 Anesthesiologist
5 Cardiologist

doctor
docid (pk)
dname
Spid (fk)
exp
doj
mobile

mysql> use ditiss;

Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE hospital
-> ( patient varchar(25),
-> pid int(3),
-> pname varchar(25),
-> address varchar(25),
-> city varchar(25),
-> doaddmission date,
-> causeofsickness varchar(25),
-> advacepaid DECIMAL(7,2)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.26 sec)

WHERE - Data Extracting

SORT -
MAX VALUE -
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS -
GROUP VALUE -
SUM
COUNT
AVG
MIN
MAX

mysql> SELECT SUM(SAL) FROM EMP;

+----------+
| SUM(SAL) |
+----------+
| 29025.00 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT COUNT(ENAME) FROM EMP;

+--------------+
| COUNT(ENAME) |
+--------------+
| 14 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Ques. Diff between COUNT / COUNT *

mysql> SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP;

+----------+
| MAX(SAL) |
+----------+
| 5000.00 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MIN(SAL) FROM EMP;

+----------+
| MIN(SAL) |
+----------+
| 800.00 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT AVG(SAL) FROM EMP;

+-------------+
| AVG(SAL) |
+-------------+
| 2073.214286 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> SELECT MIN(DEPTNO) FROM EMP;

+-------------+
| MIN(DEPTNO) |
+-------------+
| 10 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MAX(DEPTNO) FROM EMP;

+-------------+
| MAX(DEPTNO) |
+-------------+
| 30 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MAX(ENAME),MIN(ENAME) FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT MAX(HIREDATE),MIN(HIREDATE) FROM EMP;

+---------------+---------------+
| MAX(HIREDATE) | MIN(HIREDATE) |
+---------------+---------------+
| 1983-01-12 | 1980-12-17 |
+---------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT SUM(SAL)
-> FROM EMP
-> GROUP BY DEPTNO;
+----------+
| SUM(SAL) |
+----------+
| 10875.00 |
| 9400.00 |
| 8750.00 |
+----------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,MAX(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO;

+--------+----------+
| DEPTNO | MAX(SAL) |
+--------+----------+
| 20 | 3000.00 |
| 30 | 2850.00 |
| 10 | 5000.00 |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL=(

-> SELECT MIN(SAL) FROM EMP);
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL<(

-> SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP);
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL<(

-> SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP);
+---------+
| SAL |
+---------+
| 800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
| 950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
+---------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

QUES : SECOND HIGHEST SALARY

mysql> SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE SAL<(

-> SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP);
+----------+
| MAX(SAL) |
+----------+
| 3000.00 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL=( SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE
SAL<(SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP));
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT JOB,COUNT(ENAME) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB;

+-----------+--------------+
| JOB | COUNT(ENAME) |
+-----------+--------------+
| CLERK | 4|
| SALESMAN | 4|
| MANAGER | 3|
| ANALYST | 2|
| PRESIDENT | 1|
+-----------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY DEPTNO,JOB;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> SELECT DEPTNO, JOB,COUNT(*) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO,JOB ORDER
BY DEPTNO,JOB;
+--------+-----------+----------+
| DEPTNO | JOB | COUNT(*) |
+--------+-----------+----------+
| 10 | CLERK | 1|
| 10 | MANAGER | 1|
| 10 | PRESIDENT | 1|
| 20 | ANALYST | 2|
| 20 | CLERK | 2|
| 20 | MANAGER | 1|
| 30 | CLERK | 1|
| 30 | MANAGER | 1|
| 30 | SALESMAN | 4|
+--------+-----------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

AVG
MIN
MAX

SELECT
FROM
WHERE
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY
mysql> SELECT MGR,COUNT(ENAME) FROM EMP GROUP BY MGR;
+------+--------------+
| MGR | COUNT(ENAME) |
+------+--------------+
| 7902 | 1|
| 7698 | 5|
| 7839 | 3|
| 7566 | 2|
| NULL | 1|
| 7788 | 1|
| 7782 | 1|
+------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO, JOB,SUM(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO,JOB ORDER

BY DEPTNO,JOB;
+--------+-----------+----------+
| DEPTNO | JOB | SUM(SAL) |
+--------+-----------+----------+
| 10 | CLERK | 1300.00 |
| 10 | MANAGER | 2450.00 |
| 10 | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 |
| 20 | ANALYST | 6000.00 |
| 20 | CLERK | 1900.00 |
| 20 | MANAGER | 2975.00 |
| 30 | CLERK | 950.00 |
| 30 | MANAGER | 2850.00 |
| 30 | SALESMAN | 5600.00 |
+--------+-----------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,COUNT(ENAME)

-> FROM EMP
-> WHERE JOB = 'CLERK'
-> GROUP BY DEPTNO;
+--------+--------------+
| DEPTNO | COUNT(ENAME) |
+--------+--------------+
| 20 | 2|
| 30 | 1|
| 10 | 1|
+--------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,ENAME
-> FROM EMP
-> WHERE JOB='CLERK'
-> ORDER BY DEPTNO,ENAME;
+--------+--------+
| DEPTNO | ENAME |
+--------+--------+
| 10 | MILLER |
| 20 | ADAMS |
| 20 | SMITH |
| 30 | JAMES |
+--------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
10-April-2025:

mysql> SELECT * FROM EMP;

mysql> CREATE TABLE PERSONS(

-> ID INT NOT NULL,
-> LASTNAME VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-> CITY VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT 'PUNE'
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER(

-> CID INT NOT NULL,
-> (NAME VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-> AGE INT,
-> CHECK (AGE>=18)

CHECK (AGE>=18)
)' at line 3
mysql> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
-> EID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> ENAME VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-> SAL FLOAT (7,2),\
-> PRIMARY KEY(EID)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.27 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (ENAME,SAL ) VALUES ('RAM',7000);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (ENAME,SAL ) VALUES ('KRISHANA',9000);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;

+-----+----------+---------+
| EID | ENAME | SAL |
+-----+----------+---------+
| 1 | RAM | 7000.00 |
| 2 | KRISHANA | 9000.00 |
+-----+----------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OUTPUT – ON OUTPUT CONDISSS

QUES. FIND HOW MANY CLERK IN EACH DEPT?

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,ENAME

-> FROM EMP
-> WHERE JOB = 'CLERK'
-> GROUP BY DEPTNO,ENAME;
+--------+--------+
| DEPTNO | ENAME |
+--------+--------+
| 20 | SMITH |
| 20 | ADAMS |
| 30 | JAMES |
| 10 | MILLER |
+--------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,JOB,COUNT(*)
-> FROM EMP
-> WHERE JOB = 'CLERK'
-> GROUP BY DEPTNO , JOB;
+--------+-------+----------+
| DEPTNO | JOB | COUNT(*) |
+--------+-------+----------+
| 20 | CLERK | 2|
| 30 | CLERK | 1|
| 10 | CLERK | 1|
+--------+-------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

QUES. FIND IN 1992 EACH PEOPLE :

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,SUM(SAL)

-> FROM EMP
-> GROUP BY DEPTNO
-> HAVING SUM(SAL)>10000;
+--------+----------+
| DEPTNO | SUM(SAL) |
+--------+----------+
| 20 | 10875.00 |
+--------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,ENAME

mysql> SELECT DEPTNO,JOB,COUNT(*)

-> FROM EMP
-> WHERE JOB = 'CLERK'
-> GROUP BY DEPTNO , JOB;
+--------+-------+----------+
| DEPTNO | JOB | COUNT(*) |
+--------+-------+----------+
| 20 | CLERK | 2|
| 30 | CLERK | 1|
| 10 | CLERK | 1|
+--------+-------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select year(hiredate),month(hiredate),count(ename)

-> from emp
-> where year(hiredate)=1981
-> group by year(hiredate),month(hiredate)
-> having count(ename)>1
-> order by year(hiredate),month(hiredate);
+----------------+-----------------+--------------+
| year(hiredate) | month(hiredate) | count(ename) |
+----------------+-----------------+--------------+
| 1981 | 2| 2|
| 1981 | 9| 2|
| 1981 | 12 | 2|
+----------------+-----------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
JOIN :
SAME COLUMN NAME OR SAME COLUMN MUST:
- Join allow us to extract meaningful data from more than one table based on some
Column which is common to them.

- The absence of join condition it takes Cartesian product of table. That is no of

Rows in table A & no of rows in table B.

- Different Types of SQL JOINs:

mysql> select * from emp;

mysql> select * from dept;

mysql> select emp.deptno,ename,job,sal,dname,loc,dept.deptno

-> from emp,dept
-> where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
| deptno | ename | job | sal | dname | loc | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
| 20 | SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 1600.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | WARD | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 10 | CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 20 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 1500.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select emp.deptno,ename,job,sal,dname,loc,dept.deptno

-> from emp,dept
-> order by emp.deptno;
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
| deptno | ename | job | sal | dname | loc | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
| 10 | CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 10 | CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 10 | CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 10 | MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 10 | MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 10 | MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 10 | KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 10 | KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 10 | KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 20 | SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 20 | SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 20 | SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 20 | ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 20 | ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 20 | ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 20 | JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 20 | ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 20 | FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 20 | JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 20 | JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 20 | JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 20 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 20 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 20 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 1600.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 30 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 1600.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 1600.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | WARD | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 30 | WARD | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | WARD | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | WARD | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 1600.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 30 | JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 30 | JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 1500.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 30 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 1500.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 1500.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON | 40 |
| 30 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 1500.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
56 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select emp.deptno,ename,job,sal,dname,loc,dept.deptno

-> from emp inner join dept
-> on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
| deptno | ename | job | sal | dname | loc | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
| 20 | SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 1600.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | WARD | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 1250.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 30 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 10 | CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 20 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
| 30 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 1500.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 30 | JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | SALES | CHICAGO | 30 |
| 20 | FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | DALLAS | 20 |
| 10 | MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK | 10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+---------+------------+----------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

QUES. JOIN :

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT;

+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| sno | sname | city | dob | feepaid |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
| 5 | RAM | Mumbai | 1999-04-07 | 9575.50 |
| 2 | VIVEK | Mumbai | 2001-05-07 | 9999.90 |
| 10 | kamal | Mumbai | 1987-08-25 | 5000.00 |
+------+-------+--------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1;

ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'ditiss.student1' doesn't exist
mysql> CREATE TABLE STUDENT1
-> ( SNO INT NOT NULL,
-> SNAME VARCHAR(25),
-> COURSEID INT NOT NULL,
-> EMAILS VARCHAR(25)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO STUDENT1 (SNO,SNAME,COURSEID,EMAILS) VALUE

(1,"ANAND",1, '[email protected]');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO STUDENT1 (SNO,SNAME,COURSEID,EMAILS) VALUE (2,"ANA",2,

'[email protected]');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1;

+-----+-------+----------+---------------+
| SNO | SNAME | COURSEID | EMAILS |
+-----+-------+----------+---------------+
| 1 | ANAND | 1 | [email protected] |
| 2 | ANA | 2 | [email protected] |
+-----+-------+----------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM COURSE;

+-----+--------+
| CID | CNAME |
+-----+--------+
| 1 | DITISS |
| 2 | DAC |
+-----+--------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT SNAME,CNAME

mysql> DESC CITY;

+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| ID | int | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| Name | char(35) | NO | | | |
| CountryCode | char(3) | NO | MUL | | |
| District | char(20) | NO | | | |
| Population | int | NO | | 0 | |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CODE,NAME FROM COUNTRY;

mysql> SELECT CODE,COUNTRY.NAME,CITY.NAME,COUNTRYCODE

-> FROM COUNTRY,CITY
-> WHERE CODE=COUNTRYCODE;

mysql> SELECT CODE,COUNTRY.NAME,CITY.NAME,COUNTRYCODE

-> FROM COUNTRY,CITY
-> WHERE CODE=COUNTRYCODE AND CODE = 'IND';

mysql> USE DITISS;

Database changed
mysql> SELECT * FROM EMP;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT W.ENAME,W.MGR,M.EMPNO,M.ENAME FROM EMP W,EMP M WHERE

W.MGR=M.EMPNO;
+--------+------+-------+-------+
| ENAME | MGR | EMPNO | ENAME |
+--------+------+-------+-------+
| FORD | 7566 | 7566 | JONES |
| SCOTT | 7566 | 7566 | JONES |
| JAMES | 7698 | 7698 | BLAKE |
| TURNER | 7698 | 7698 | BLAKE |
| MARTIN | 7698 | 7698 | BLAKE |
| WARD | 7698 | 7698 | BLAKE |
| ALLEN | 7698 | 7698 | BLAKE |
| MILLER | 7782 | 7782 | CLARK |
| ADAMS | 7788 | 7788 | SCOTT |
| CLARK | 7839 | 7839 | KING |
| BLAKE | 7839 | 7839 | KING |
| JONES | 7839 | 7839 | KING |
| SMITH | 7902 | 7902 | FORD |
+--------+------+-------+-------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

QUES - DEPT WHERE NOBODY EMP WORK?

=OUTER JOIN

mysql> SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP RIGHT OUTER JOIN DEPT ON

mysql> SELECT ENAME, EMP.DEPTNO, DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME

-> FROM EMP RIGHT OUTER JOIN DEPT
-> ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| ENAME | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME |
+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| MILLER | 10 | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| KING | 10 | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| CLARK | 10 | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| FORD | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| ADAMS | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| SCOTT | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| JONES | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| SMITH | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| JAMES | 30 | 30 | SALES |
| TURNER | 30 | 30 | SALES |
| BLAKE | 30 | 30 | SALES |
| MARTIN | 30 | 30 | SALES |
| WARD | 30 | 30 | SALES |
| ALLEN | 30 | 30 | SALES |
| NULL | NULL | 40 | OPERATIONS |
+--------+--------+--------+------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT ENAME,EMP.DEPTNO,DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME
-> FROM EMP RIGHT OUTER JOIN DEPT
-> ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO
-> WHERE ENAME IS NULL;
+-------+--------+--------+------------+
| ENAME | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME |
+-------+--------+--------+------------+
| NULL | NULL | 40 | OPERATIONS |
+-------+--------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> SELECT ENAME,EMP.DEPTNO,DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME

mysql> use ditiss

Database changed
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1982-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1983-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.10 sec)

mysql> select emp.deptno,ename,sal,dept.deptno,dname

-> from dept LEFT OUTER JOIN emp
-> on dept.deptno=emp.deptno;
+--------+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| deptno | ename | sal | deptno | dname |
+--------+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| 10 | MILLER | 1300.00 | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| 10 | KING | 5000.00 | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| 10 | CLARK | 2450.00 | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| 20 | FORD | 3000.00 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| 20 | ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| 20 | SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| 20 | JONES | 2975.00 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| 20 | SMITH | 800.00 | 20 | RESEARCH |
| 30 | JAMES | 950.00 | 30 | SALES |
| 30 | TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 | SALES |
| 30 | BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 | SALES |
| 30 | MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 | SALES |
| 30 | WARD | 1250.00 | 30 | SALES |
| 30 | ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 | SALES |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 40 | OPERATIONS |
+--------+--------+---------+--------+------------+
15 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select distinct deptno from emp;

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 10 |
+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno from emp;

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 10 |
| 20 |
| 10 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
| 10 |
+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno from dept;

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 10 |
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 40 |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select deptno from emp

-> union
-> (
-> select deptno from dept
-> );
+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 10 |
| 40 |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Q. TOTAL RECORDS FROM EMP AND DEPT

mysql> select deptno from emp

-> union all
-> (
-> select deptno from dept
-> );
+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 30 |
| 10 |
| 20 |
| 10 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 20 |
| 10 |
| 10 |
| 20 |
| 30 |
| 40 |
+--------+
18 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ASS - TO READ SQL QUERIES IN ORACLE?

https://github.com/mv/mvdba/blob/master/demo/demobld.sql

Q. SELF JOIN , EQI JOIN, NON-EQUI JOIN.

mysql> SELECT EMP.DEPTNO,ENAME,SAL,DNAME,DEPT.DEPTNO,LOC

-> FROM EMP, DEPT
-> WHERE EMP.DEPTNO!=DEPT.DEPTNO;
+--------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------+
| DEPTNO | ENAME | SAL | DNAME | DEPTNO | LOC |
+--------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------+
| 20 | SMITH | 800.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 20 | SMITH | 800.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | SMITH | 800.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 30 | ALLEN | 1600.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 30 | ALLEN | 1600.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | ALLEN | 1600.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 30 | WARD | 1250.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 30 | WARD | 1250.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | WARD | 1250.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 20 | JONES | 2975.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 20 | JONES | 2975.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | JONES | 2975.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 30 | MARTIN | 1250.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 30 | MARTIN | 1250.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | MARTIN | 1250.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 30 | BLAKE | 2850.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 30 | BLAKE | 2850.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | BLAKE | 2850.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 10 | CLARK | 2450.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 10 | CLARK | 2450.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 10 | CLARK | 2450.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 20 | SCOTT | 3000.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 20 | SCOTT | 3000.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | SCOTT | 3000.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 10 | KING | 5000.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 10 | KING | 5000.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 10 | KING | 5000.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | TURNER | 1500.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 30 | TURNER | 1500.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | TURNER | 1500.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 20 | ADAMS | 1100.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 20 | ADAMS | 1100.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | ADAMS | 1100.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 30 | JAMES | 950.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 30 | JAMES | 950.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | JAMES | 950.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 20 | FORD | 3000.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 20 | FORD | 3000.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | FORD | 3000.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 10 | MILLER | 1300.00 | OPERATIONS | 40 | BOSTON |
| 10 | MILLER | 1300.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 10 | MILLER | 1300.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
+--------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------+
42 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT EMP.DEPTNO,ENAME,SAL,DNAME,DEPT.DEPTNO,LOC

-> FROM EMP, DEPT
-> WHERE EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
+--------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------+
| DEPTNO | ENAME | SAL | DNAME | DEPTNO | LOC |
+--------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------+
| 20 | SMITH | 800.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 30 | WARD | 1250.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | JONES | 2975.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 30 | BLAKE | 2850.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 10 | CLARK | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 20 | SCOTT | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 10 | KING | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
| 30 | TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | ADAMS | 1100.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 30 | JAMES | 950.00 | SALES | 30 | CHICAGO |
| 20 | FORD | 3000.00 | RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS |
| 10 | MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK |
+--------+--------+---------+------------+--------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL,DNAME,LOC,GRADE

mysql> SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL,DNAME,LOC,GRADE

mysql> SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL,DNAME,LOC FROM EMP NATURAL JOIN DEPT;

Q. TO CREATE NEW TABLE, NEW RECORD AND .. CREATE DEPT1 NAME

CHANGE THE NAME ALSO DEPTNO TO DEPT1

mysql> SELECT * FROM DEPT;

mysql> SELECT * FROM DEPT1;

+------+------------+----------+
| DNO | DNAME | LOC |
+------+------------+----------+
| 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL,DNAME,LOC

mysql> SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL,DNAME,LOC FROM EMP NATURAL JOIN DEPT1;

mysql> SELECT ENAME,JOB,SAL,DNAME,LOC

mysql> SELECT M.ENAME,COUNT(W.ENAME)

mysql> SELECT M.ENAME,COUNT(W.ENAME)

mysql> USE WORLD;

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CITY;

+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
| 4079 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> DESC CITY;

mysql> SELECT ID,NAME FROM CITY;

+------+-----------------------------------+
| ID | NAME |
+------+-----------------------------------+
| 1 | Kabul |
| 2 | Qandahar |
| 3 | Herat |
| 4 | Mazar-e-Sharif |
| 5 | Amsterdam |
| 6 | Rotterdam |
| 7 | Haag |
| 8 | Utrecht |
| 9 | Eindhoven |
| 10 | Tilburg |
| 11 | Groningen |
| 12 | Breda |
| 13 | Apeldoorn |
| 14 | Nijmegen |

| 4071 | Mount Darwin |

| 4072 | Mutare |
| 4073 | Gweru |
| 4074 | Gaza |
| 4075 | Khan Yunis |
| 4076 | Hebron |
| 4077 | Jabaliya |
| 4078 | Nablus |
| 4079 | Rafah |
+------+-----------------------------------+
4079 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> SELECT ID,NAME FROM CITY WHERE NAME=

-> 'Nablus';
+------+--------+
| ID | NAME |
+------+--------+
| 4078 | Nablus |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE INDEX CITY_INDEX

-> ON CITY(NAME);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.09 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT ID,NAME FROM CITY WHERE NAME='NABLUS';

+------+--------+
| ID | NAME |
+------+--------+
| 4078 | Nablus |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
VIEW :

mysql> CREATE VIEW EMPVIEW1

-> AS
-> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,MGR,DEPTNO
-> FROM EMP;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

mysql> UPDATE EMP

-> SET DEPTNO=50^C
mysql> SELECT ASCII(ENAME),ENAME,ASCII('A') FROM EMP;
+--------------+--------+------------+
| ASCII(ENAME) | ENAME | ASCII('A') |
+--------------+--------+------------+
| 83 | SMITH | 65 |
| 65 | ALLEN | 65 |
| 87 | WARD | 65 |
| 74 | JONES | 65 |
| 77 | MARTIN | 65 |
| 66 | BLAKE | 65 |
| 67 | CLARK | 65 |
| 83 | SCOTT | 65 |
| 75 | KING | 65 |
| 84 | TURNER | 65 |
| 65 | ADAMS | 65 |
| 74 | JAMES | 65 |
| 70 | FORD | 65 |
| 77 | MILLER | 65 |
| 65 | ANAND | 65 |
+--------------+--------+------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ENAME,LENGTH(ENAME) FROM EMP;

+--------+---------------+
| ENAME | LENGTH(ENAME) |
+--------+---------------+
| SMITH | 5|
| ALLEN | 5|
| WARD | 4|
| JONES | 5|
| MARTIN | 6|
| BLAKE | 5|
| CLARK | 5|
| SCOTT | 5|
| KING | 4|
| TURNER | 6|
| ADAMS | 5|
| JAMES | 5|
| FORD | 4|
| MILLER | 6|
| ANAND | 5|
+--------+---------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT UPPER(ENAME),LOWER(ENAME) FROM EMP;

SQL FUNCTIONS
https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_ref_functions.asp

mysql> SELECT CONCAT('MY NAME IS ',ENAME) FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(JOB,ENAME) FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT LPAD(ENAME,10,'*') FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT RPAD(ENAME,10,'*') FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT LPAD(RPAD(SAL,10,''),15,'') FROM EMP;

+-------------------------------+
| LPAD(RPAD(SAL,10,'*'),15,'*') |
+-------------------------------+
| *****800.00**** |
| *****1600.00*** |
| *****1250.00*** |
| *****2975.00*** |
| *****1250.00*** |
| *****2850.00*** |
| *****2450.00*** |
| *****3000.00*** |
| *****5000.00*** |
| *****1500.00*** |
| *****1100.00*** |
| *****950.00**** |
| *****3000.00*** |
| *****1300.00*** |
| NULL |
+-------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT LTRIM(' ANAND'),RTRIM('RAM '),TRIM(' VIVEK ');

mysql> SELECT LENGTH(' ANAND'), LENGTH( LTRIM(' ANAND')),RTRIM('RAM '),TRIM('

mysql> SELECT ENAME, INSTR(ENAME,'A') FROM EMP;

+--------+------------------+
| ENAME | INSTR(ENAME,'A') |
+--------+------------------+
| SMITH | 0|
| ALLEN | 1|
| WARD | 2|
| JONES | 0|
| MARTIN | 2|
| BLAKE | 3|
| CLARK | 3|
| SCOTT | 0|
| KING | 0|
| TURNER | 0|
| ADAMS | 1|
| JAMES | 2|
| FORD | 0|
| MILLER | 0|
| ANAND | 1|
+--------+------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ENAME, INSTR(ENAME,'O') FROM EMP;

+--------+------------------+
| ENAME | INSTR(ENAME,'O') |
+--------+------------------+
| SMITH | 0|
| ALLEN | 0|
| WARD | 0|
| JONES | 2|
| MARTIN | 0|
| BLAKE | 0|
| CLARK | 0|
| SCOTT | 3|
| KING | 0|
| TURNER | 0|
| ADAMS | 0|
| JAMES | 0|
| FORD | 2|
| MILLER | 0|
| ANAND | 0|
+--------+------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ENAME, REPLACE(ENAME,'A', 'AA') FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT ENAME, subSTR(ENAME,3) FROM EMP;

mysql> SELECT ENAME, subSTR(ENAME,3,2) FROM EMP;

+--------+-------------------+
| ENAME | subSTR(ENAME,3,2) |
+--------+-------------------+
| SMITH | IT |
| ALLEN | LE |
| WARD | RD |
| JONES | NE |
| MARTIN | RT |
| BLAKE | AK |
| CLARK | AR |
| SCOTT | OT |
| KING | NG |
| TURNER | RN |
| ADAMS | AM |
| JAMES | ME |
| FORD | RD |
| MILLER | LL |
| ANAND | AN |
+--------+-------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ENAME, subSTR(ENAME,-2) FROM EMP;

+--------+------------------+
| ENAME | subSTR(ENAME,-2) |
+--------+------------------+
| SMITH | TH |
| ALLEN | EN |
| WARD | RD |
| JONES | ES |
| MARTIN | IN |
| BLAKE | KE |
| CLARK | RK |
| SCOTT | TT |
| KING | NG |
| TURNER | ER |
| ADAMS | MS |
| JAMES | ES |
| FORD | RD |
| MILLER | ER |
| ANAND | ND |
+--------+------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT CEIL(25.75), CEIL(25.3), CEIL(25.50) FROM DUAL;
+-------------+------------+-------------+
| CEIL(25.75) | CEIL(25.3) | CEIL(25.50) |
+-------------+------------+-------------+
| 26 | 26 | 26 |
+-------------+------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT FLOOR(25.75), FLOOR(25.3), FLOOR(25.50) FROM DUAL;

+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| FLOOR(25.75) | FLOOR(25.3) | FLOOR(25.50) |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| 25 | 25 | 25 |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(25.75), ROUND(25.3), ROUND(25.50) FROM DUAL;

+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| ROUND(25.75) | ROUND(25.3) | ROUND(25.50) |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| 26 | 25 | 26 |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

MOD MEANS REMINDER:

mysql> SELECT ABS(ENAME,-4,2) FROM EMP;

ERROR 1582 (42000): Incorrect parameter count in the call to native function 'ABS'
mysql> SELECT CEIL(25.75), CEIL(25.3), CEIL(25.50) FROM DUAL;
+-------------+------------+-------------+
| CEIL(25.75) | CEIL(25.3) | CEIL(25.50) |
+-------------+------------+-------------+
| 26 | 26 | 26 |
+-------------+------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT FLOOR(25.75), FLOOR(25.3), FLOOR(25.50) FROM DUAL;

mysql> SELECT ROUND(25.75), ROUND(25.3), ROUND(25.50) FROM DUAL;

mysql> SELECT POW(2,5) FROM DUAL;

+----------+
| POW(2,5) |
+----------+
| 32 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>
mysql> SELECT MOD(13,2) FROM DUAL;
+-----------+
| MOD(13,2) |
+-----------+
| 1|
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ORACAL :

--
-- Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1988, 2000. All Rights Reserved.
--
-- NAME
-- demobld.sql
--
-- DESCRIPTION
-- This script creates the SQL*Plus demonstration tables in the
-- current schema. It should be STARTed by each user wishing to
-- access the tables. To remove the tables use the demodrop.sql
-- script.
--
-- USAGE
-- From within SQL*Plus, enter:
-- START demobld.sql

SET TERMOUT ON
PROMPT Building demonstration tables. Please wait.
SET TERMOUT OFF

DROP TABLE EMP;

DROP TABLE DEPT;
DROP TABLE BONUS;
DROP TABLE SALGRADE;
DROP TABLE DUMMY;

CREATE TABLE EMP

(EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
JOB VARCHAR2(9),
MGR NUMBER(4),
HIREDATE DATE,
SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902,
TO_DATE('17-DEC-1980', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 800, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('20-FEB-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('22-FEB-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839,
TO_DATE('2-APR-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2975, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('28-SEP-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839,
TO_DATE('1-MAY-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2850, NULL, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839,
TO_DATE('9-JUN-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2450, NULL, 10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566,
TO_DATE('09-DEC-1982', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 3000, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', NULL,
TO_DATE('17-NOV-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 5000, NULL, 10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('8-SEP-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788,
TO_DATE('12-JAN-1983', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1100, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698,
TO_DATE('3-DEC-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 950, NULL, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566,
TO_DATE('3-DEC-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 3000, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782,
TO_DATE('23-JAN-1982', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1300, NULL, 10);

CREATE TABLE DEPT

(DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
LOC VARCHAR2(13) );

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');

CREATE TABLE BONUS

(ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
JOB VARCHAR2(9),
SAL NUMBER,
COMM NUMBER);

CREATE TABLE SALGRADE

(GRADE NUMBER,
LOSAL NUMBER,
HISAL NUMBER);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1, 700, 1200);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2, 1201, 1400);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3, 1401, 2000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4, 2001, 3000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5, 3001, 9999);

CREATE TABLE DUMMY

(DUMMY NUMBER);

INSERT INTO DUMMY VALUES (0);

COMMIT;

SET TERMOUT ON
PROMPT Demonstration table build is complete.

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Apr 11 18:23:12 2025

SQL> CONNECT
Enter user-name: SYSTEM
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

SQL> root123
SP2-0042: unknown command "root123" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> connect
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
AQ$DEF$_AQCALL VIEW
AQ$DEF$_AQERROR VIEW
AQ$_DEF$_AQCALL_F VIEW
AQ$_DEF$_AQERROR_F VIEW
AQ$_INTERNET_AGENTS TABLE
AQ$_INTERNET_AGENT_PRIVS TABLE
AQ$_QUEUES TABLE
AQ$_QUEUE_TABLES TABLE
AQ$_SCHEDULES TABLE
CATALOG SYNONYM
COL SYNONYM

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEF$_AQCALL TABLE
DEF$_AQERROR TABLE
DEF$_CALLDEST TABLE
DEF$_DEFAULTDEST TABLE
DEF$_DESTINATION TABLE
DEF$_ERROR TABLE
DEF$_LOB TABLE
DEF$_ORIGIN TABLE
DEF$_PROPAGATOR TABLE
DEF$_PUSHED_TRANSACTIONS TABLE
HELP TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGMNRC_DBNAME_UID_MAP TABLE
LOGMNRC_GSBA TABLE
LOGMNRC_GSII TABLE
LOGMNRC_GTCS TABLE
LOGMNRC_GTLO TABLE
LOGMNRP_CTAS_PART_MAP TABLE
LOGMNRT_MDDL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_AGE_SPILL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ATTRCOL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ATTRIBUTE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_CCOL$ TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGMNR_CDEF$ TABLE
LOGMNR_COL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_COLTYPE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_DICTIONARY$ TABLE
LOGMNR_DICTSTATE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ENC$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ERROR$ TABLE
LOGMNR_FILTER$ TABLE
LOGMNR_GLOBAL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_GT_TAB_INCLUDE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_GT_USER_INCLUDE$ TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGMNR_GT_XID_INCLUDE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ICOL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_IND$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INDCOMPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INDPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INDSUBPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INTEGRATED_SPILL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_KOPM$ TABLE
LOGMNR_LOB$ TABLE
LOGMNR_LOBFRAG$ TABLE
LOGMNR_LOG$ TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGMNR_LOGMNR_BUILDLOG TABLE
LOGMNR_NTAB$ TABLE
LOGMNR_OBJ$ TABLE
LOGMNR_OPQTYPE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_PARAMETER$ TABLE
LOGMNR_PARTOBJ$ TABLE
LOGMNR_PROCESSED_LOG$ TABLE
LOGMNR_PROPS$ TABLE
LOGMNR_REFCON$ TABLE
LOGMNR_RESTART_CKPT$ TABLE
LOGMNR_RESTART_CKPT_TXINFO$ TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGMNR_SEED$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SESSION$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SESSION_ACTIONS$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SESSION_EVOLVE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SPILL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SUBCOLTYPE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TAB$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TABCOMPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TABPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TABSUBPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TS$ TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGMNR_TYPE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_UID$ TABLE
LOGMNR_USER$ TABLE
LOGSTDBY$APPLY_MILESTONE TABLE
LOGSTDBY$APPLY_PROGRESS TABLE
LOGSTDBY$EDS_TABLES TABLE
LOGSTDBY$EVENTS TABLE
LOGSTDBY$FLASHBACK_SCN TABLE
LOGSTDBY$HISTORY TABLE
LOGSTDBY$PARAMETERS TABLE
LOGSTDBY$PLSQL TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
LOGSTDBY$SCN TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SKIP TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SKIP_SUPPORT TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SKIP_TRANSACTION TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_AJG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_BASETABLE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_CLIQUE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_ELIGIBLE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_EXCEPTIONS TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FILTER TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FILTERINSTANCE TABLE
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
MVIEW$_ADV_FJG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_GC TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_INFO TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_JOURNAL TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_LEVEL TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_LOG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_OUTPUT TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PARAMETERS TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PLAN TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PRETTY TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_ROLLUP TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
MVIEW$_ADV_SQLDEPEND TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_TEMP TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_WORKLOAD TABLE
MVIEW_EVALUATIONS VIEW
MVIEW_EXCEPTIONS VIEW
MVIEW_FILTER VIEW
MVIEW_FILTERINSTANCE VIEW
MVIEW_LOG VIEW
MVIEW_RECOMMENDATIONS VIEW
MVIEW_WORKLOAD VIEW
OL$ TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
OL$HINTS TABLE
OL$NODES TABLE
PRODUCT_PRIVS VIEW
PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE SYNONYM
PUBLICSYN SYNONYM
REPCAT$_AUDIT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE
REPCAT$_AUDIT_COLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_COLUMN_GROUP TABLE
REPCAT$_CONFLICT TABLE
REPCAT$_DDL TABLE
REPCAT$_EXCEPTIONS TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
REPCAT$_EXTENSION TABLE
REPCAT$_FLAVORS TABLE
REPCAT$_FLAVOR_OBJECTS TABLE
REPCAT$_GENERATED TABLE
REPCAT$_GROUPED_COLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_INSTANTIATION_DDL TABLE
REPCAT$_KEY_COLUMNS TABLE
REPCAT$_OBJECT_PARMS TABLE
REPCAT$_OBJECT_TYPES TABLE
REPCAT$_PARAMETER_COLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_PRIORITY TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
REPCAT$_PRIORITY_GROUP TABLE
REPCAT$_REFRESH_TEMPLATES TABLE
REPCAT$_REPCAT TABLE
REPCAT$_REPCATLOG TABLE
REPCAT$_REPCOLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_REPGROUP_PRIVS TABLE
REPCAT$_REPOBJECT TABLE
REPCAT$_REPPROP TABLE
REPCAT$_REPSCHEMA TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOLUTION TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOLUTION_METHOD TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
REPCAT$_RESOLUTION_STATISTICS TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOL_STATS_CONTROL TABLE
REPCAT$_RUNTIME_PARMS TABLE
REPCAT$_SITES_NEW TABLE
REPCAT$_SITE_OBJECTS TABLE
REPCAT$_SNAPGROUP TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_OBJECTS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_PARMS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_REFGROUPS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_SITES TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_STATUS TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_TARGETS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_TYPES TABLE
REPCAT$_USER_AUTHORIZATIONS TABLE
REPCAT$_USER_PARM_VALUES TABLE
SQLPLUS_PRODUCT_PROFILE TABLE
SYSCATALOG SYNONYM
SYSFILES SYNONYM
TAB SYNONYM
TABQUOTAS SYNONYM

174 rows selected.

SQL> create user ganesh identified by ganesh123;

User created.

SQL> connect
Enter user-name: ganesh
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user GANESH lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> connect system
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> grand create session, resources to ganesh;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "grand crea..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> grant create session, resources to ganesh;
grant create session, resources to ganesh
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01919: role 'RESOURCES' does not exist

SQL> grant create session, resources to ganesh;

grant create session, resources to ganesh
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01919: role 'RESOURCES' does not exist

SQL> connect system

Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> grant create session, resources to ganesh;
grant create session, resources to ganesh
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01919: role 'RESOURCES' does not exist

SQL> connect system

Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> connect system
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> grant create session, resource to ganesh;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> connect ganesh;

Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;

no rows selected

SQL> ed D:\demobld.sql.txt

SQL> @D:\demobld.sql.txt
Building demonstration tables. Please wait.
Demonstration table build is complete.
SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
EMP TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE

SQL>
SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
EMP TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE

SQL> desc bonus;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
SAL NUMBER
COMM NUMBER

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400

30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850
30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300

14 rows selected.
SQL> select * tab;
select * tab
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
EMP TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE

SQL>
SQL> show pagesize
pagesize 14
SQL> show linesize
linesize 80
SQL> show numwidth
numwidth 10
SQL> set pagesize 21
SQL> set linesize 100
SQL> set numwidth 5
SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10

14 rows selected.

SQL> select ename,sal,comm,sal+comm "Total salary" from emp;

ENAME SAL COMM Total salary

---------- ----- ----- ------------
SMITH 800
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
WARD 1250 500 1750
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
SCOTT 3000
KING 5000
TURNER 1500 0 1500
ADAMS 1100
JAMES 950
FORD 3000
MILLER 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> select ename,sal,comm,sal+NVL(comm,0) "Total salary" from emp;

ENAME SAL COMM Total salary

---------- ----- ----- ------------
SMITH 800 800
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
WARD 1250 500 1750
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
SCOTT 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
TURNER 1500 0 1500
ADAMS 1100 1100
JAMES 950 950
FORD 3000 3000
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.

SQL> /

ENAME SAL COMM Total salary

14 rows selected.

SQL> select ename,job,sal,comm,dname,loc

2 from emp full outer join dept
3 on emp.deptno = dept.deptno;

ENAME JOB SAL COMM DNAME LOC

---------- --------- ----- ----- -------------- -------------
SMITH CLERK 800 RESEARCH DALLAS
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300 SALES CHICAGO
WARD SALESMAN 1250 500 SALES CHICAGO
JONES MANAGER 2975 RESEARCH DALLAS
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400 SALES CHICAGO
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 SALES CHICAGO
CLARK MANAGER 2450 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 RESEARCH DALLAS
KING PRESIDENT 5000 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 SALES CHICAGO
ADAMS CLERK 1100 RESEARCH DALLAS
JAMES CLERK 950 SALES CHICAGO
FORD ANALYST 3000 RESEARCH DALLAS
MILLER CLERK 1300 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
OPERATIONS BOSTON

15 rows selected.

SQL> show user

USER is "GANESH"
SQL> connect system
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL> connect system/root123
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL> create user ram identified by ram123;

User created.

SQL> grant create session, resource to ram;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> show user

USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL> connect ganesh/ganesh123
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "GANESH"
SQL> gtant select on emp to ram;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "gtant sele..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> show user
USER is "GANESH"
SQL> grant select on emp to ram;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> connect ram/ram123

Connected.
SQL> select * from emp;
select * from emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select * from ganesh.emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

14 rows selected.

SQL> UPDATE GANESH.EMP SET SAL=7000 WHERE ENAME='KING'

2 ;
UPDATE GANESH.EMP SET SAL=7000 WHERE ENAME='KING'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL>
SQL> CONNECT ganesh/ganesh123
Connected.
SQL>
SQL> revoke select on emp from ram;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL>
SQL> connect ram/ram123
Connected.
SQL> select * from ganesh.emp;
select * from ganesh.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL>

ORACAL CMD : BY AD -

#GRANT SELECT ON EMP TO RAM;

#CONNECT RAM/RAM123
#CONNECTED

#SELECT * FROM EMP;

.....IT WILL BE ERROR.....

#SELECT * FROM GANESH.EMP;

#UPDATE GANESH.EMP SET SAL=7000 WHERE ENAME='KING';
......ERROR - INSUFFICIENT PRIVILEGES.......

#CONNECT GANESH/GANESH123;
#CONNECTED

#REVOKE SELECT ON EMP FROM RAM

#REVOKE SUCCEDDED

#CONNECT RAM/RAM123;
#CONNECTED

#SELECT * FROM GANESH.EMP

....Error table or view does not exist.....

commit;

#insert into dept values(50,'hr','pune');

#savepoint a;
#insert into dept values(60,'store','pune');
#savepoint b;

#select * from dept;

#rollback to b;

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