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100 Linux Commands

File and Directory Operations
1. ls - List directory contents.

2. cd <directory> - Change directory.

3. pwd - Print working directory.

4. mkdir <directory> - Create a new directory.

5. rmdir <directory> - Remove an empty directory.

6. rm <file> - Remove a file.

7. cp <source> <destination> - Copy files/directories.

8. mv <source> <destination> - Move/rename files/directories.

9. touch <file> - Create a new empty file.

10. cat <file> - Display file content.

Networking
1. ifconfig - Display network interfaces.

2. iwconfig - Display wireless network interfaces.

3. ping <IP/host> - Check connectivity to a host.

4. traceroute <host> - Trace the route to a host.

5. netstat -tuln - List listening ports.

6. nmap <target> - Network exploration tool.

7. tcpdump - Capture network packets.

8. whois <domain> - Retrieve domain registration info.

9. dig <domain> - DNS lookup tool.

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 10. curl <URL> - Transfer data from or to a server.

User and Group Management

1. whoami - Display current username.

2. adduser <username> - Create a new user.

3. deluser <username> - Delete a user.

4. passwd <username> - Change user password.

5. groups <username> - Show groups a user belongs to.

6. sudo <command> - Execute a command with elevated privileges.

System Information
1. uname -a - Display system information.

2. top - Display running processes.

3. htop - Interactive process viewer.

4. df -h - Disk space usage.

5. du -sh <directory> - Disk usage of a directory.

6. free -h - Display memory usage.

7. lscpu - Display CPU architecture info.

8. lsblk - List block devices.

Package Management
1. apt update - Update package lists.

2. apt upgrade - Upgrade installed packages.

3. apt install <package> - Install a package.

4. apt remove <package> - Remove a package.

5. dpkg -l - List installed packages.

6. apt-cache search <package> - Search for a package.

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 File Permissions
1. chmod <permissions> <file> - Change file permissions.

2. chown <user>:<group> <file> - Change file owner/group.

3. ls -l - List files with detailed permissions.

Security Tools
1. airmon-ng - Manage wireless interfaces.

2. airodump-ng <interface> - Capture wireless packets.

3. aircrack-ng <capture file> - Crack WEP/WPA keys.

4. burpsuite - Launch Burp Suite.

5. metasploit - Launch Metasploit Framework.

6. sqlmap -u <URL> - Automated SQL injection tool.

7. john <file> - Run John the Ripper for password cracking.

Web Testing
1. nikto -h <host> - Web server scanner.

2. gobuster dir -u <URL> -w <wordlist> - Directory brute-forcing.

3. w3af - Web application attack framework.

Password Attacks
1. hydra -l <user> -P <password list> <host> <service> - Password brute-forcing tool.

2. crunch <min> <max> -o <file> - Generate password lists.

File Transfer
1. scp <file> <user>@<host>:<path> - Secure copy files over SSH.

2. rsync -avz <source> <destination> - Sync files/directories.

Shell Commands
1. echo <text> - Display text.

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 2. grep <pattern> <file> - Search for a pattern in a file.

3. find <directory> -name <pattern> - Find files by name.

4. awk '{print $1}' <file> - Text processing tool.

5. sed 's/old/new/g' <file> - Stream editor for modifying files.

System Monitoring
1. watch <command> - Execute a command periodically.

2. journalctl -xe - View system logs.

3. dmesg - Print kernel ring buffer messages.

Miscellaneous
1. history - Display command history.

2. alias <shortcut>='<command>' - Create command shortcuts.

3. clear - Clear the terminal screen.

Scripting
1. bash <script.sh> - Execute a bash script.

2. chmod +x <script.sh> - Make a script executable.

Networking Tools
1. ftp <host> - File transfer protocol client.

2. telnet <host> <port> - Connect to a remote host via Telnet.

Exploit Frameworks
1. msfconsole - Start Metasploit console.

2. search <exploit> - Search for exploits in Metasploit.

Vulnerability Scanning
1. openvas-start - Start OpenVAS.

2. nmap -sV <target> - Service version detection.

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 Packet Manipulation
1. ettercap -T -q -i <interface> -M arp:remote /<target IP>/ /<gateway IP>/ - ARP
spoofing.

2. scapy - Interactive packet manipulation tool.

Wireless Testing
1. wash -i <interface> - WPS attack tool.

2. reaver -i <interface> -b <bssid> -K 1 - WPS PIN attack.

System Hardening
1. ufw enable - Enable Uncomplicated Firewall.

2. ufw allow <port> - Allow traffic on a specific port.

Virtualization
1. virt-manager - GUI for managing virtual machines.

2. vagrant up - Start a Vagrant environment.

Database Tools
1. mysql -u <user> -p - Connect to MySQL.

2. psql -U <user> <database> - Connect to PostgreSQL.

Forensics
1. autopsy - Digital forensics tool.

2. foremost -i <image> -o <output> - File recovery tool.

Encryption
1. openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -in <file> -out <encrypted file> - Encrypt a file.

2. openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -in <encrypted file> -out <file> - Decrypt a file.

Miscellaneous Tools
1. hashcat - Password recovery tool.

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 2. tshark - Command-line network protocol analyzer.

System Recovery
1. fsck <device> - Check and repair file systems.

2. dd if=<source> of=<destination> - Disk cloning tool.

Cloud and Remote Management

1. aws configure - Configure AWS CLI.

2. az login - Login to Azure CLI.

Backup and Restore

1. tar -cvf <archive.tar> <directory> - Create a tar archive.

2. tar -xvf <archive.tar> - Extract a tar archive.

Text Processing
1. sort <file> - Sort lines of text.

2. uniq <file> - Report or omit repeated lines.

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