BOARD

STUDY
MATERIALS
Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
COMPOSED BY:

DWAIPAYAN RAY
B.E. (JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY)
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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

WHAT WE WILL LEARN TODAY?

SERIAL SUBJECT DONE
NUMBER
1. What are Inverse Trigonometric Functions?

2. What are Principal value of Inverse Trigonometric

Functions?

3. Different Principal values for different Inverse

Trigonometric Functions

4. sin −1 x ≠ (sin x) −1 ≠ sin x −1

5. Graph of sinx and sin −1 x

6. ( )
Why sin sin −1 x = x and others………….?

7. Why sin −1 (− x) =− sin −1 x

8. Why cos −1 (− x) = π − cos −1 x ?

9. 1
Why sin −1 x = cos ec −1 and others……..?
x
10. π
Why sin −1 x + cos −1 x =and others……?
2
11.
Why sin −1 x + sin
= −1
y sin −1  x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x 2 
 
and others……….?

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(Formulae)
1. The function sin −1 x is defined if −1 ≤ x ≤ 1; if α 10. sin −1 ( − x ) =− sin −1 x , when x ∈ [ −1,1]
π π
be the principal value of sin −1 x then − ≤α ≤ .
2 2 cos −1 ( − x ) = π − cos −1 x , when x ∈ [ −1,1]

2. The function cos −1 x is defined if −1 ≤ x ≤ 1; if α tan −1 ( − x ) =− tan −1 x, for all x ∈ R

be the principal value of cos x then 0 ≤ α ≤ π .
−1

cot −1 ( − x ) = π − cot −1 x, for all x ∈ R

3. The function tan −1 x is defined for any real value of
x i.e., −∞ < x < ∞; if α be the principal value of
π π cos ec −1 ( − x ) = − cos ec −1 x, when x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
tan x then − ≤ α ≤ .
−1

2 2
sec −1 ( − x )= π − sec −1 x, when x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
4. The function cot −1 x is defined when −∞ < x < ∞;
if α be the principal value of cot −1 x then = −1
11. sin x cos ec
−1 1
; when x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
0 < α < π. x
1
= cos −1 x sec −1 when x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
5. The function sec x is defined when, x ≥ 1; if α
−1
x
be the principal value of sec x then 0 ≤ α ≤ π
−1
=
1
tan −1 x cot −1 when x > 0
π x
and α ≠ . 1
2 =
tan −1
x cot −1 − π when x < 0
x
6. The function cos ec x is defined if x ≥ 1; if α be
−1 π
−1
12. sin x + cos x=
−1
( −1 ≤ x ≤ 1)
π π 2
the principal value of cos ec −1 x then − ≤ α ≤ π
2 2 tan −1 x + cot −1=x ( −∞ < x < ∞ ) ;
and α ≠ 0. 2
π
7. In numerical problems principal values of inverse
sec−1 x + cos ec= −1
x ( x ≤ −1  or ,  x ≥ 1)
2
circular functions are generally taken.

( )
sin sin −1 x x=
8. = (
;cos cos −1 x x= ) (
; tan tan −1 x x )
etc.

sin −1 ( sin θ ) θ=
9. = ;cos −1 ( cos θ ) θ=
; tan −1 ( tan θ ) θ
etc.

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(Formulae)
−1 x+ y 2x −1 1 − x
2
2x
=
13. tan x + tan −1 y tan −1 ( when x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1) 17. = =−1
2 tan x sin −1
=
cos tan −1
1 − xy 1+ x 2
1+ x 2
1 − x2
and ,
−1 −1 x+ y
−1  2x 
= x + tan y tan ( when x < 0, y < 0 and xy < 1) =
2  (
tan
1 − xy 2 tan −1 x tan −1  if − 1 < x < 1)
 1− x 
 2x 
2  (
−1 −1 −1 x + y =π + tan −1  if x > 1)
=
tan x + tan y tan ( when x > 0, y < 0 or x < 0, y > 0  1− x 
1 − xy
and xy < 1)  2x 
2  (
=− π + tan −1  if x < −1)
 1− x 
x+ y
tan −1 x + tan −1 y =π + tan −1 ( when x > 0, y > 0 and xy > 1)
1 − xy In formula (12) to (17) we are to take the principal
values of angles on L.H.S.
x+ y
tan −1 x + tan −1 y =−π + tan −1 ( when x < 0, y < 0 and xy > 1)
1 − xy
18. Domain, range and principal value ( n ∈  ) of
x− y trigonometric inverse circular functions.
=
14. tan −1 x − tan −1 y tan −1 ( when xy > −1)
1 + xy Function Domain Range Principal
x− y Value
tan −1 x − tan −1 y= π + tan −1 ( when x > 0, y < 0 and xy < −1)
1 + xy
−1
(i) sin x [-1, 1] [ −π 2, π 2] α , where
x− y π π
tan −1 x − tan −1 y = −π + tan −1 ( when x < 0, y > 0 and xy < −1) − ≤α ≤
1 + xy 2 2
(ii) cos −1 x [-1, 1] [0, π ] α , where
15. sin x + sin
−1
= y sin−1 −1
( x 1− y 2
+ y 1− x 2
); 0 ≤α ≤π
(iii) tan −1 x ( −∞, ∞ ) α
( −π 2, π 2 ) , where
−1
sin x − sin
= −1
y sin −1
( x 1− y 2
−y 1− x )
2
π π
− <α <
2 2
16. cos −1 x + cos=
−1
y cos −1  xy −

(1 − x )(1 − y )  ;
2 2
(iv) cot −1 x ( −∞, ∞ ) ( 0, π ) α , where
0 <α <π
cos −1 x − cos=
−1
y cos −1  xy +
 (1 − x )(1 − y ) 
2 2
(v) x ≥1 [ −π 2, π 2] − {0} α , where
cos ec −1 x π π
− ≤α ≤ ,
2 2
α ≠0
(vi) sec −1 x x ≥1 [0, π ] − {π 2} α , where
0 ≤α ≤π,
π
α≠
2

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(S.N.DEY)

 1 (i) 1 (ii) 0
1. The principal value of cos −1  −  is _______ . (iii) -1 (iv) √3
 2

( )
1
2. The principal value of cos ec −1 − 2 is ______ . 14. State which of the following is the value of (cos −1
2
1
−1 +2sin −1 ) :
3. The general value of cos (−1) is _______ . 2
5π π
−1
(i) (ii)
4. The general value of cot (− 3) is _______ . 6 3
2π π
(iii) (iv)
5. 2 tan −1 x = sin −1 ___________ . 3 2

1 −1 1 15. If sec −1 x = cos ec −1 y , state which of the following

6. tan + tan −1 =__________ .
2 3  1 1
is the value of  cos −1 + cos −1  :
 x y
State whether the statement is true or false: (7 - 12)
2π
(i) π (ii)
7. −1
sin cos tan 30 represents an angle.
0 3
5π π
(iii) (iv)
 1.5  −1  1.5 
6 2
8. sin −1  −  is undefined but cos ec  −  is
 1.4   1.4 
π
defined. 16. If sin −1 x − cos −1 x = , state which of the
6
following is the value of x:
9. cos −1 ( 2) is defined but sec −1 ( 2) is undefined.
1
(i) 1 (ii)
2
1
10. If cos −1 = θ , then the values of cos ec −1 5 will 1 3
5 (iii) (iv)
2 2
π 
be  − θ 
2  17. State which of the following is the value of
1 1
 1  tan  tan −1 x + tan −1  ( x > 0) :
11. If sin −1 x = θ , then the value of cos ec −1   3 x
 1− x 
2
1
(i) (ii) 3
is also θ . 3
(iii) 1 (iv) 0
π
12. sin −1 2 + cos −1 2 =
2

Choose correct option: (13 - 17)

13. Which of the following is the value of cot

 −1 −1 1 
 cos ec 2 + cos ?
 2
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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(S.N.DEY)
Prove that : (18 - 25) Prove that: (30 - 49)

1 1 π  1 2 
18. tan −1 + tan −1 = 30. 4  tan −1 + cos −1 π
2 3 4 =
 3 5

1 2 π
19. cos −1 + cos −1 = 31. (i) tan −1
1 2
+ tan −1 = cos −1
4
5 5 2 2 11 5
77 15 3
3 8 77 (i) sin −1 − cos −1 = sin −1
20. sin −1 + sin −1 = sin −1 85 17 5
5 17 85
 1 2 3
15
−1 3 13 32. 2  tan −1 + tan −1  =
cos −1
21. cos + cos −1 =cos −1  4 9 5
17 5 85
1 4 π
b−a 2 tan −1 + sin −1 =
22. tan −1 a + cot −1 b =
cot −1 33. 3 5 2
1 + ab
1 1 1 1 π
π
23. 4(cot −1 3 + cos ec −1 5) = 34. tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 =
3 7 5 8 4

24. sec 2 (tan −1 3) + cos ec 2 (cot −1 4) =

27 35. tan −1 x + cot −1 ( x =
+ 1) tan −1 (1 + x + x 2 )

13
25. sec 2 (cot −1 2) + cos ec 2 (tan −1 3) =
2
36 1 q
36. tan −1 + tan −1 2 cot −1 p
=
p+q p + pq + 1
1 1
26. If two angles of a triangle are tan −1 and tan −1 ,
2 3 3 6 27
then find the third angle. [HS 2000] 37. tan −1 + tan −1 =π − tan −1
2 5 8
27. If two angles of a triangle are tan −1 2 and tan −1 3 ,
what is the third angle? [HS 84, 97; Jt Ent 2000] 1 2x 1 −1 1 − x 
2
2x
38. tan  sin −1 + cos 2 
=
2 1+ x 2
2
1 + x  1 − x2
Solve : (28 - 29) (| x | ≠ 1) [HS 91]

28. 2sin −1 x = cos −1 x [HS 92] x− y

39. tan −1 x − tan −1 y =
sin −1
1 π (1 + x 2 )(1 + y 2 )
−1
29. tan + tan −1 2 =
x 2
40. sin −1 x + sin=
−1
y cos −1{ (1 − x 2 )(1 − y 2 ) − xy}

−1 1 − b a −b
2
2a
41. sin −1 − cos 2 tan −1
= [HS 86]
1+ a 2
1+ b 2
1 + ab

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(S.N.DEY)

xy + 1 yz + 1 zx + 1 1+ x 1 − x2
42. cot −1 + cot −1 + cot −1 =
0 52. 2 tan −1 + sin −1 [HS 87]
x− y y−z z−x 1− x 1 + x2

x− y y−z z−x 53. tan(sin −1 x + sin −1 y ) + tan(cos −1 x + cos −1 y )

43. tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 =
1 + xy 1 + yz 1 + zx
x2 − y 2 −1 y − z
2 2
−1 z − x
2 2
54. If xy = 1 + a 2 then show that, tan −1
1
+
tan −1 + tan + tan a+x
1 + x2 y 2 1+ y2 z2 1 + z 2 x2
1 1
tan −1= tan −1 , x + y + 2a ≠ 0
a+ y a
−1 1 − x 1+ x π
44. cos −1 x 2sin
= = 2 cos −1 55. (i) If tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = , show that, xy
2 2 2
+ yz + zx = 1
1 − x2
= 2 tan −1
π , show that, x +
(ii) If tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z =
1+ x y + z = xyz

45. {cos(sin −1 x)}2 = {sin(cos −1 x)}2 π , prove that, x 2

56. If cos −1 x + cos −1 y + cos −1 z =
+ y 2 + z 2 + 2 xyz =
1
−1 x−q
−1 p−x p−x
=
46. sin =
cos cot −1
p−q p−q x−q 5 4
57. If cos(α + β ) =and cos(α − β ) =, then find
13 5
π − 2x
47. tan −1 (cot x) + cot −1 (tan x) = the value of tan 2 β

48. sin cos −1 tan(sec −1 x=

) 2 − x2 [HS 82] Solve : (58 - 65)

8
49. (i) sin cos ec −1 cot(tan −1 x) = x [HS 90] 58. tan −1 ( x + 1) + tan −1 ( x − 1) =tan −1 [assume x > 0]
31
[CBSE ‘08]
x2 + 1
(ii) sin cot −1 cos(tan
= −1
x) [ x > 0]
x2 + 2  1
59. tan(cos −1 x) = sin  cot −1  [HS 92]
[HS 99]  2

Simplify: (50 - 53)

1  π
60. tan −1  sec x  + cot −1 (2 cos x) =
1 2  3
−1 1 − y 
2
2x 1
50. tan  sin −1 + ; xy ≠ 1
1 + y 2 
cos
2 1 + x2 2 2a 2b
[Jt. Ent 83] 61. sin −1 + sin −1 2 tan −1 x
=
1+ a 2
1+ b 2

1 62. tan −1 ( x − 1) + tan −1 x + tan −1 ( x + 1) =tan −1 3 x

51. cos(2 cos −1 x + sin −1 x), when x = where, 0 ≤
5
π π π
cos −1 x ≤ π ; − ≤ sin −1 x ≤ [IIT 81] 63. sin −1 cos sin −1 x = [HS 97]
2 2 3

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(S.N.DEY)

64. tan −1 x + tan −=

1
(1 − x) 2 tan −1 x(1 − x)
 cos x + cos y   x y
76. (i) cos −1   = 2 tan −1  tan tan 
2x −1 1 − x
2
−1 2 x π  1 + cos x cos y   2 2
65. 3sin −1 − 4 cos + 2 tan =
1 + x2 1 + x2 1 − x2 3 1  5cos x + 3  −1  1 x
(ii) cos −1   = tan  tan  [HS 94]
2  5 + 3cos x  2 2
Prove that: (66 - 77)
1− x 1− y y−x
1 1 4 π 77. tan −1 − tan −1 sin −1
=
66. cot −1
− cot −1 = [Jt. Ent 96] 1+ x 1+ y (1 + x 2 )(1 + y 2 )
2 2 3 4

12 4 63 θ , show that, x 2 − 2 xy cos θ

78. If cos −1 x + cos −1 y =
67. sin −1
+ cos −1 + tan −1 π
= [Jt. Ent 92]
13 5 16 sin 2 θ
+ y2 =

π 79. If sin(π cos θ ) = cos(π sin θ ) , then show that,

68. 2 cot −1 5 + cot −1 7 + 2 cot −1 8 =
4 1 3
θ = ± sin −1
2 4
1 1 π
69. 4 tan −1 − tan −1 =
5 239 4 80. Prove that, a cos θ + b sin θ = a 2 + b 2 sin
 −1 a 
−1 −1
70. tan 1 + tan 2 + tan 3 = π= −1  1
2  tan −1 +  θ + tan 
 b
 2
1
tan −1 + tan −1 1 [Take principal value in each case] 81. If 2 cos 4θ + 9 cos 2θ − 7 =0 , then show that,
3 1 3
[Jt Ent 83] θ = cos −1
2 4
1 1 1 Solve: (82 - 91)
71. 3 tan −1 − tan −1 =tan −1
2+ 3 2 3
3π
3 12 63 π 82. (i) cot −1 x + cot −1 2 x =
72. cos −1 + cos −1 + cos −1 = 4
−1 −1
5 13 65 2 (ii) cot x + cot ( a − x=
2
+ 1) cot −1 (a − 1)
[Jt Ent 94]
1 
73. tan  tan 2 A  + tan −1 (cot A) + tan −1 (cot 3 A)
−1

2  1 − x 1 −1 x
83. tan −1 = sin [HS 95]
π π π 1+ x 2 1 + x2
= 0 when < A≤ , = π when 0 ≤ A ≤
4 2 4
84. sin −1 x + sin −1 (1 − x) =
cos −1 x [HS 90, Jt Ent 80]
 a −b x −1 a cos x + b
74. 2 tan −1  tan  = cos
 a+b 2 a + b cos x 5 12 π
 85. cos −1 + cos −1 =
x x 2
 1 + cos θ 
75. tan  2 tan −1
  + tan θ =
0 [HS 84]
 1 − cos θ 
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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(S.N.DEY)

π
86. 3cot −1
1
+ cot −1 x = ANSWERS
2− 3 2
2π −π π
−1 −1 π 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( 2nπ ± π ) 4. ( nπ − )
87. sin x + sin 2 x = 3 4 6
3
π π
88. sin −1 ( 3 x) + sin −1 x = 5. (
2x
) 6. ( ) 7. (F) 8. (T)
2 1+ x 2
4
π 2π
89. sin −1 x − sin
= −1
y and cos −1 x + cos
= −1
y
3 3 9. (F) 10. (T) 11. (F) 12. (F)
ax bx
90. sin −1 + sin −1 sin −1 x where
= a 2 + b2 =
c2
c c
and c ≠ 0 13. (ii) 14. (iii) 15. (iv) 16. (iv) 17. (i)

91. 2 tan −1 (cos x) = tan −1 (2 cos ecx)

3π π 1
26. 27. 28. 29. 2
4 4 2

x+ y 2 6
50. 51. − 52. π 53. 0
1 − xy 5
33 1 5
57. 58. 59. ±
56 4 3

π
60. 2nπ ± ,n =
any integer
6

a+b 1 1
61. 62. 0 or ± 63. ±
1 − ab 2 2

1 1
64. 65.
2 3

17 − 3 1
82. (i ) 82(ii). a or a − a + 1 83.
2

4 3

1 1 3
84. 0 or 85. 13 86. 1 87.
2 2 7
1 3
88. =
89. x = ,y 0 90. 0 or ±1
2 2

π
91.
4

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(RUDIMENTS)
3 11
1. Fill In The Blanks: (iv) cos −1 + cos ec −1 5 =tan −1
5 2
(i) For | x | ≤ 1 , cos −1 (− x) =
_______ . 1 4 π
1 (v) 2 tan −1 + sin −1 =
(ii) For x ≠ 0, tan −1 x = cot −1 , for x ____ than 0. 3 5 2
x
(iii) 2 tan −1 x = tan
2x
if x ∈ ________ . Prove the statements
1 − x2
(iv) The principal value of sec −1 2 is _____ . 5. If |x|≤ 1, then sin{cos ec −1 cot(tan −1 )} = x [HS 90]

2. Simplify the following:

−1 −1 x2 + 1
 1 6. sin cot cos(tan x) = , if x > 0 [HS 99]
(i) sin  2 tan −1  + cos(tan −1 2 2) x2 + 2
 3
1  1 
(ii) tan   tan −1 x + tan −1   −1 1 − x 1+ x
2  x  7. cos −1 x 2sin
= = 2 cos −1
2 2
 1   1 
(iii) sin  sin −1 + sec −1 3  + cos  tan −1 + tan −1 2 
 3   2  1 b 1
8. tan −1 + tan −1 2 tan −1
=
[HS 91, 05] a+b a + ab + 1 a
−1 −1 −1 −1
(iv) 2(sin cos sin x + cos sin cos x)
[HS 93, 04]  3sin 2α  −1  1 
9. tan −1   + tan  tan α  =
α
 5 + 3cos 2α  4 
(v) cot(cos −1 a + cos −1 b) + cot(sin −1 a + sin −1 b)
π 1 a π 1 a  2b
3. Prove that, 10. tan  + cos −1  + tan  − cos −1  =
4 2 b 4 2 b a
1 1
(i) If sec −1 x = cos ec −1 y , then cos −1 + cos −1
x y 11. Prove that the value of
π  x cos α  −1  cos α 
= [HS 90] tan −1   − cot   is
2  1 − x sin α   x − sin α 
(ii) If cos −1 x = 2sin −1 x, then x =
1
[HS 92] independent of x.
2
π − 2x
(iii) tan −1 (cot x) + cot −1 (tan x) = π
12. ∆ ABC is right angled triangle with ∠C = , prove
2
4. Show that, a b π
that tan −1 + tan −1 =
(i) tan −1
1 2
+ tan −1 = cos −1
4
[HS 92, 06] b+c c+a 4
2 11 5
4 5 16 π
(ii) sin −1 + sin −1 + sin −1 =[HS 95]
5 13 65 2 ANSWERS
1 2 π 1. (i) π − cos −1 x (ii) greater
(iii) sin −1 + cos −1 =
10 5 4 π
(iii) (-1 , 1) (iv)
3

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(R.D. SHARMA + M.L. AGARWAL)
1. If sin −1 x + sin −1 y + sin −1 z =π , prove that  3x  −1  2 x − y 
= 8. If α tan
= −1
  , β tan   , then
x + y + z + 4x y =
4 4 4
z 2( x y + y z + z x )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 2y − x   3y 
α −β =
α3  1 α  π π
2. Prove that cos ec 2  tan −1  + (a) (b)
2  2 β  6 3
β3 1 β  π π
s ec 2  tan −1 (α β )(α 2 + β 2 )
 =+ (c) (d) −
2 2 α  2 3
Ans: a
 cos 2α sec 2 β + cos 2 β sec 2α 
3. Prove that: tan −1     π 
 2 
cos −1 sin  x +  
 8π 
9. Let f ( x) = e   3 
, then f  =
= tan {tan (α + β ) tan (α − β )} + tan 1
−1 2 2 −1
 9 
5π 13π
(a) e 18 (b) e 18
2ab 2 xy
4. Prove that: tan −1 + tan −1 2 = 2π
a −b
2 2
x − y2 (c) e 18 (d) none of these
2αβ
tan −1 where α =
ax − by and β =
ay + bx Ans: b
α2 − β2

5. For any a, b, x, y > 0, prove that:  5π  −1  5π 

10. The value of cos −1  cos  + sin  sin  is
2 −1  3ab 2 − a 3  2 −1  3 xy 2 − x3   3   3 
tan  3 2 
+ tan  3 2  π 5π
3  b − 3a b  3  y − 3x y  (a) (b)
2 3
2αβ
= tan −1 2 where α= −ax + by 10π
α −β2 (c) (d) 0
3
and β= bx + ay
Ans: d
−1 −1 −1
6. If x, y, z ∈ [−1,1] such that sin x + sin y + sin z
3π 1 63 
= , find the value of x 2006 + y 2007 + z 2008 11. The value of sin  sin −1  is
2  8 
4
9
− 1 1
x 2006 + y 2007 + z 2008 (a) (b)
2 3
Ans: 0 1 1
(c) (d)

{ ( ) ) )} and
2 2 3 3
7. If x = cos ec  tan −1 cos cot −1 sec sin −1 a

( (
{ ( ))}
Ans: c
 (
y = sec cot −1 sin tan −1 co sec ( cos −1 a ) 

where a ∈ [ 0,1] , find the relationship between x and
y interms of a.
Ans: x 2 = y 2 = 3 − a 2

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(R.D. SHARMA + M.L. AGARWAL)
12. If tan −1 (cot θ ) = 2θ , then θ = x y
18. If cos −1 + cos −1 = α, prove that
π π 2 3
(a) ± (b) ±
3 4 9 x 2 − 12 xy cos α + 4 y 2 =36sin 2 α
π
(c) ± (d) none of these
6
19. Solve the following equations for x:
Ans: c 8 15 π
sin −1 + sin −1 =
x x 2
  3 π 
13. Evaluate the following: cos  cos −1  − +  Ans: 17
  2  6 
 

Ans: -1

  π  π
14. Showthat cos −1  cos  −   ≠ − , what is the
  6  6
value?
π
Ans:
6

15. Prove the following:

 1  π
cos ec −1 (−1) + cot −1  − =
 3 6

 1 π
16. Evaluate the following: tan  2 tan −1 − 
 5 4
−7
Ans:
17

17. Write the following functions in simplest form:

 3a 2 x − x3 
−1
tan  2 
 a(a − 3x ) 
2

x
Ans: 3 tan −1
a

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS FROM VARIOUS BOOKS)
π π , then prove that
9. If sin −1 a + sin −1 b + sin −1 c =
1. Prove that 2 cot −1 5 + cot −1 7 + 2 cot −1 8 =
4 (a) (a + b − c)(a + b + c)(b + c − a )(c + a − b)
= 4a 2b 2 c 2
−1 −1 −1
2. Prove that tan x = 2 tan {cos ec(tan x)
(b) a 1 − a 2 + b 1 − b 2 + c 1 − c 2 =
2abc
−1
− tan(cot x)}

−1 −1
x 3 − 2 x2 
1  3sin 2θ  10. Find the value cos x + cos  + ,
=
3. If θ tan −1 (2 tan 2 θ ) − sin −1  ,  2 2 
2  5 + 4 cos 2θ 
θ ≠ nπ prove that tan θ is a root of the equation 1
≤ x ≤1
x3 − 3x + 2 =0 2
1
Ans: x = ±
1 2
4. If φ tan −1
= − tan −1 cos 2θ , then show
cos 2θ x − 1 x − 1
11. Solve: cot −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 3 = 0
sin 4 θ x +1 x
that: tan φ =
2

cos 2θ
and sec φ = ±
1
2
sec 2θ ( Ans: No real values of x are possible

+ cos 2θ ) 12. If sec θ − cos ecθ =

4
, show that θ =
1 −1 3
sin
3 2 4
a (a + b + c) b( a + b + c )
5. Show that, tan −1 + tan −1 13. If φ cot −1 cos 2θ − tan −1 cos 2θ , then show
=
bc ac
c(a + b + c)
1 3
that x = ± sin −1  
+ tan −1 π
= 2 4
ab

 x cos φ  x y c2
−1 14. If sin −1 + sin −1 =sin −1 , then show that
6. Show that the value of tan  − a b ab
 1 − x sin φ 
b 2 x 2 + 2 xy a 2b 2 − c 4 + a 2 y 2 =
c4
 cos φ 
cot −1   is independent of x and find its
 x − sin φ  π
simplified value. 15. If tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = , and
2
x + y + z =3 then show that x= y= z
1 1 + 1 + x2
7. Show that tan −1 x = cos −1
2 2 1 + x2 π
16. Solve: sin −1 x + sin −1 2 x =
3
 1 x 1 3 1
8. Show that tan −1  tan  = Ans: x =
± =
± . 21
 3 2 2 28 14
 1 + 2 cos x 
cos −1  
 2 + cos x  17. Solve: sin[2 cos −1 cot(2 tan −1 x)] = 0
Ans: ∴ x =±1

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 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS FROM VARIOUS BOOKS)
18. Solve for general values of θ , 2 tan −1 (cos θ ) x y
25. (a) If cos −1 + cos −1 = θ , then prove that
= tan −1 (2 cos ecθ ) 2 3
π 9 x 2 − 12 xy cos θ + 4 y 2 = 36sin 2 θ
Ans: ∴θ = nπ +
4
αy (b) If u cot −1[ cos 2θ ] − tan −1[ cos 2θ ] then
=
αx −1
19. Prove that tan −1
+ tan + prove that sin u = tan 2 θ
yz zx
αz m tan(α − θ ) n tan θ
tan −1 = π where α = x + y + z 26. If = , then prove that
xy cos θ
2
cos 2 (α − θ )
1  n−m 
20. Which one of the two angles is greater? θ
= α − tan −1  tan α  
2 n+m 
= (
A 2 tan −1 2 2 − 1 and= ) 1
B 3sin −1   +
3 pq + 1 qr + 1
3 27. Prove that, cot −1 + cot −1 +
sin −1   p−q q−r
5 rp + 1
Ans: A > B cot −1 =0
r− p
 α  π β 
21. Prove that 2 tan −1  tan .tan  −  
 2  4 2  28. Sum the following series:
 sin α .cos β  (a) tan −1
1 1 1
= tan −1   + tan −1 + tan −1 + ...n terms and
 sin β + cos α  3 7 13
∞
1 1 1
22. Find the sum of the series: tan −1
1 1
+ tan −1 + (b) tan −1 2
+ tan −1 2
+ tan −1 + ...n
3 7 2.1 2.2 2.32
terms and ∞
1
tan −1 + ... to n terms. Hence, find the sum of  1  1 
13 (c) cot −1  22 +  + cot −1  23 + 2  +
the series up to infinity.  2  2 
 1
cot −1  24 + 3  + ...∞
Ans: tan −1 (r + 1) − tan −1 r  2 
 3  3
(d) cot −1 1 +  + cot −1  22 +  +
23. Find the value of x: cot −1 x + cot −1 ( a 2 − x + 1)  4  4
= cot −1 (a − 1)  3
cot −1  32 +  + ...∞
 4
Ans: =
x a, a 2 − a + 1
π 1 1 1
Ans: (a) (b) tan −1 (c) tan −1 (d) cot −1
24. Solve the equation: −1
sin (6 x) + sin −1
( 6 3x ) 4 x 2 2
π
= −
2

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