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HTML Introduction

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the standard language for creating and structuring web content, consisting of elements, tags, and attributes. It serves as the backbone of websites, complemented by CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity, with HTML5 being the latest version. Key features include its markup language nature, semantic tags, and support for responsive design, while limitations involve a lack of inherent interactivity and complex styling capabilities.

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2 views

HTML Introduction

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the standard language for creating and structuring web content, consisting of elements, tags, and attributes. It serves as the backbone of websites, complemented by CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity, with HTML5 being the latest version. Key features include its markup language nature, semantic tags, and support for responsive design, while limitations involve a lack of inherent interactivity and complex styling capabilities.

Uploaded by

rakeshsingh900660
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Introduction

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard language used to create and structure
content on the web. It defines the structure of a webpage by using a series of elements, tags, and
attributes to organize text, images, links, and other multimedia elements.

• HTML is a markup language, not a programming language, meaning it annotates text to define
how it is structured and displayed by web browsers.

• It forms the building blocks of all websites and is complemented by CSS for style and JavaScript
for interactivity.

• It is a static language, meaning that it does not inherently provide interactive features but can
be combined with CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity.

HTML History

Currently, we are using HTML5, which is the latest and most advanced version of HTML.

• HTML was initially created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 as a way to share and structure
documents on the web.

• The first-ever version was HTML 1.0, a basic and limited version. However, the first standardized
version, HTML 2.0, was published in 1995, laying the foundation for web development as we
know it today.

In a nutshell, HTML is all about organizing and displaying information on a webpage. We can think of it
as the bones or structure of a webpage.

Basic HTML Code Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>My First Webpage</title>

</head>
<body>

<h1>Welcome to My Webpage</h1>

<p>This is my first paragraph of text!</p>

</body>

</html>

Output:

HTML

In this example:

• <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type and version (HTML5).

• <html>: The root element that wraps all HTML content.

• <head>: Contains meta-information about the webpage, like the title.

• <title>: Specifies the title of the webpage (appears in the browser tab).

• <body>: Contains the visible content of the webpage.

• <h1>: Represents the main heading on the page (“Welcome to My Webpage”).

• <p>: Defines a paragraph of text (“This is my first paragraph of text!”).

Key Features of HTML

• Markup Language: HTML uses tags to markup content. Each tag defines different elements,
such as headings, paragraphs, tables, links, etc.

• Semantics: HTML provides semantic tags that describe the meaning of the content. For
example, <article>, <footer>, <header>, and <nav> describe different types of content on a
webpage.

• Responsive Web Design: HTML supports various features for building responsive websites,
including media queries and the ability to embed multimedia content.

• Interactive Content: HTML can embed interactive content using JavaScript, which allows for
dynamic changes in the content.
HTML Page Structure:The basic structure of an HTML page is shown below. It contains the essential
building-block elements (i.e. doctype declaration, HTML, head, title, and body elements) upon which all
web pages are created.

• <!DOCTYPE html> – This is the document type declaration, not a tag. It declares that the
document is an HTML5 document.

• <html> – This is called the HTML root element. All other elements are contained within it.

• <head> – The head tag contains the “behind the scenes” elements for a webpage. Elements
within the head aren’t visible on the front end of a webpage. Typical elements inside the <head>
include:

o <title>: Defines the title displayed on the browser tab.

o <meta>: Provides information like the character set or viewport settings.

o <link>: Links external stylesheets or resources.

o <style>: Embeds internal CSS styles.

o <script>: Embeds JavaScript for functionality.

• <title> – The title is what is displayed on the top of your browser when you visit a website and
contains the title of the webpage that you are viewing.

• <h2> – The <h2> tag is a second-level heading tag.

• <p>– The <p> tag represents a paragraph of text.

• <body> – The body tag is used to enclose all the visible content of a webpage. In other words,
the body content is what the browser will show on the front end.
An HTML document can be created using an HTML text editor. Save the text file using the “.html” or
“.htm” extension. Once saved as an HTML document, the file can be opened as a webpage in the
browser.

Note: Basic/built-in text editors are Notepad (Windows) and TextEdit (MacOS). Other advanced text
editors include Sublime Text, Visual Studio Code, Froala, etc.

HTML Elements and HTML Tag

HTML Elements and HTML Tags are related but distinct. An HTML element is the complete structure,
including the opening tag, content (if any), and the closing tag (if applicable).

On the other hand, A tag is the actual keyword or name enclosed in angle brackets (< >) that tells the
browser what kind of content to expect.

HTML Tags

Tag Description

<html> The root element of an HTML document

<head> Contains meta-information about the webpage

<body> Contains the visible content of the webpage


Tag Description

<h1> to <h6> Headings of various levels (h1 being the largest)

<p> Defines a paragraph

<a> Defines a hyperlink

<img> Embed an image

<ul> Defines an unordered list

<ol> Defines an ordered list

<li> Defines a list item

<table> Defines a table

<form> Defines an HTML form

To learn more about it follow the article – HTML Tags

HTML Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about an element. They are placed inside the opening tag and
are written as name=”value”. Common attributes include class, id, href, and src.

Example:

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>

• href is an attribute of the <a> tag that defines the URL of the link.

To learn more about it follow the article – HTML Attributes

Web Browsers
Unlike other programming languages, HTML does not show output on the compiler. Web browsers show
the results of an HTML code.It reads HTML files and determines how to show content with the help of
HTML tags. Any web browser (Google, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, etc) can be used to open a . HTML file and
view the results.

index.html

Why Learn HTML?

Here are 5 common reasons to learn HTML:

1. Build Websites: HTML is the basic building block for creating any website. Learning HTML can
help you pursue a career in web development.

2. Customize Content: Allows you to edit or tweak web pages, emails, or templates to fit your
needs.

3. Understand how the web works: This helps you grasp how the internet works and how web
pages are structured.

4. Employment Opportunities: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, projects that


employment for web developers will grow 16% between 2022 and 2032, which is much faster
than the average across all occupations.

5. Learn Easily: HTML is beginner-friendly, making it a great first step into the world of coding and
technology.

Applications of HTML

• Web Development: HTML is the backbone of every webpage. It structures the content and
integrates multimedia, hyperlinks, and more.

• Web Applications: HTML, in combination with CSS and JavaScript, powers complex web
applications (e.g., Google Docs, Trello).

• Emails: HTML emails use table-based layouts and embedded media to deliver rich, interactive
content.

• Mobile App Development: HTML5 is used with frameworks like PhoneGap to build mobile apps
for iOS and Android.
Limitations of HTML

• No Logic or Functionality: HTML cannot handle complex logic, interactivity, or dynamic content
on its own. It requires JavaScript for such tasks.

• SEO Limitations: While HTML provides structure, it’s not enough by itself for search engine
optimization (SEO). Proper metadata and content structuring, as well as external SEO practices,
are necessary.

• Limited Styles: While HTML can handle basic styles via the style attribute, it is typically
complemented by CSS for complex styling and layout.

HTML5: Enhancements and New Features

HTML5 introduced several powerful features that improve the structure and functionality of web pages,
including:

• Semantics: New tags like <article>, <footer>, <header>, and <section> to improve the meaning
of the content.

• Multimedia: <audio> and <video> tags for embedding audio and video without plugins.

• APIs: New APIs like Geolocation, Web Storage, and Canvas allow for more dynamic content and
interactive websites.

Hypertext is a technology that enables non-sequential access to information by linking related pieces of
text, allowing users to navigate across different nodes or documents through clickable links. Unlike
traditional linear text, hypertext organizes and connects irregularly structured or unstructured
information in a meaningful way, making it easier to store, retrieve, and manipulate data that does not
fit conventional database models.

Key Features of Hypertext

Non-linear Navigation: Users can jump between related topics or documents via hyperlinks, rather than
following a fixed, sequential path.

Linking of Information: Words or phrases in one document can be linked to other documents or
sections, facilitating quick access to related content.

Support for Unstructured Data: Hypertext is particularly useful for managing information that is difficult
to organize in tables or structured databases, such as notes, research, or multimedia content

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