GRADE C
ASSET &
REACTION
OFFICER
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MODULE 1
LEGAL ASPECTS
GROUNDS OF JUSTIFICATION
They are based on reasonableness and public interest.
THE MOST RECOGNIZED GROUNDS OF JUSTIFICATION IN OUR LAW
- Private defense
- Necessity
- Impossibility
- consent
- Right of chastisement / punishment
- Acting upon command
- Official capacity
DEFENCE OF NECESSITY
- Infringe the interest of an innocent third party
- Contravene a rule of law
- Directed at the protection of his own or another’s interest of the innocent third
party
- Against an emergency which has commenced or is imminent
- Not an attack by the person whose interest are infringed in the process.
PRIVATE DEFENCE
It is commonly referred to as SELF DEFENCE
ATTACK
- There must be some sort of attack
- The attack must have commenced or imminent
- The attack must be unlawful
- The attack must be directed at one or other legal interest
DEFENCE
- Must be directed towards / against the attacker
- It must be necessary to protect the interest which is in danger
- The defensive action must be reasonable
SECTION 154 OF THE LIQUOR ACT 27 / 1989
Any person who consumes or possesses liquor on a private premises, without the
consent of the lawful owner shall be guilty of an offence
SECTION 42 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ACT 51 / 1977
- Arrest with or without a warrant
- Arrest anyone who attempts to commit a crime
- Arrest anyone who commits a crime in his presence
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- Arrest anyone who is engaged in an affray / fight
- Arrest anyone suspected of committing any schedule one offence
- Arrest anyone who tries to flee from a crime scene
NAME ANY SCHEDULE ONE OFFENCE
- Bestiality Murder
- Sodomy Culpable Homicide
- Robbery Sedition
- Rape Treason
- Fraud House Breaking
- Theft
- Arson
- Assault
- Public violence
- Receiving stolen property
- (see definitions in grade E)
SECTION 48 OF CPA 51/1977
LIST THE PROCEDURES THAT YOU WILL FOLLOW BEFORE YOU BREAK OPEN A
PREMISES FOR A SEARCH
- Audibly demand entry
- Identify yourself
- Give reasons for your demand
- Failure to gain entry, break open, enter and effect arrest and / or search.
SECTION 24 (SEARCH BY OCCUPANT OF LAND)
Any person in charge of any premises that suspects stolen stock/produce/article to be
on or in possession of someone upon that premises contravenes any law relating to
liquor, drugs, arms and ammunition or explosives and there is no police official readily
available may enter such premises, search them and any person thereon and should be
arrested
SECTION 39 (PERFORMING LEGAL ARRESTS)
- Arrest with or without a warrant
- Identify yourself
- Give reasons for the arrest
- Explain method / procedure to the suspect
- Touch the body of the suspect
- Read him his rights
- Don’t question or interrogate the suspect
- Suspect must be handed over to the SAPS
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MODULE 2
PROTECTION OF INFORMATION
FACTORS DETRIMENTAL TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
- Damage – arson, water
- Espionage
- Open source
- Negligence
PROTECTION OF INFORMATION IS DIVIDED INTO 4 CATEGORIES
- Document security
- Office security
- Personnel security
- Personal security
CONTROLLING THE DUPLICATION OF DOCUMENTS
- By knowing who gave permission
- The date
- How many copies are made?
- The reason for making the copies.
- Disposal of the copies.
CONSEQUENCES/DANGERS OF BAD KEY CONTROLLING
- Unauthorized persons can gain access
- Theft of documents or articles can occur
- Contents of documents can be photographed
- Time bombs or explosives can be planted
- Bugging devices can be planted in offices or in the intercom system
- Tampering with firefighting equipment can occur
- Arson can take place
- Locks can be picked and manipulation of combination locks can take place
- Information can be compromised
PLACES WHERE CARELESS TALKING CAN OCCUR
- Shebeens
- Taverns
- Sports bars
- Sports arenas
- Shopping complexes
- Bus stops
- Taxi ranks
- Social gatherings
- Conference rooms
- Official parties
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PERSONAL SECURITY
- Habits
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- Patterns
- Interests
- Promiscuity
- Debt
- Drugs
- All forms of indecency
- Unreliability
- Gambling
- Contacts with people of bad repute
FACTORS USED BY THE ADVERSARY / ENEMY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION
- BRIBING – taking money or other gifts to compromise information
- EXTORTION – obtain by force, by a threat or deceit
- CREATING DISSATISFACTION – using propaganda in order to obtain co-
operation in espionage, sabotage and subversive activities
- PREYING ON PERSONAL WEAKNESS – using somebody’s weakness to get
information or something. It is a form of blackmailing
MEASURES TO STOP THE ADVERSARY FROM OBTAINING INFORMATION
- Proper security selection
- Continuous supervision
- Elimination of all dissatisfactions, grievances and problem situations
- Security training
- Control – ensuring security personnel and supervisors strictly comply with all
rules and security measures
PRINCIPLES REGARDING THE HANDLING OF DOCUMENTS
- The need to know – only workers who have to know information be supplied
with such information to perform their duties
- The need to access / possess – documents have to be accessed or possessed
by only people who are authorized
- The need to keep – classified information must be kept by only employees
authorized to do so
- The need to discuss- classified information must be discussed by only
authorized employees
- Recording documents – documents must be recorded in a manner that
ensures that employees abide by all the rules and procedures
- Duplication of documents - document should be duplicated by only authorized
employees
MODULE 3
ROLE IN EMERGENCY
PURPOSES OF EMERGENCY PLAN
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- To discourage or prevent an attack
- To defend against an attack until help arrives
- To cope with the results of the emergency or any attack
- Ensuring co-ordination with external organizations like Police, fire brigade,
and medical groups.
- Integrating civil defense units
- Developing strategies by involving neighboring installations
- Providing guidelines for the role of each emergency partner
- Providing guidelines for the role of the emergency coordinator.
REQUIRMENTS OF AN EMERGENCY PLAN
- It must be simple in order to ensure understanding amongst all involved.
- It must be practical
- It must be possible to activate efficiently and effectively
- It must be realistic and economically viable.
- It must be activated without confusing or panic
- It must be exercised periodically
- It must be co-ordinate with the local security and civil defense service
- Existing facilities or equipment must be utilized
- It must be controlled from a central point
EVACUATION
It is the taking of people partially or generally, in a state of emergency, - a state of
danger or a state of life risking situation to a place of safety
PARTIAL EVACUATION (ADVANTAGES)
Only affected areas concerning the emergency will be evacuated.
- Risks of injuries are reduced
- Employees are available to conduct a search
- Production can go on
- Employees can remove personal belongings
GENERAL EVACUATION (DISADVANTAGES)
All areas are affected forcing the complete evacuation of the premises
- Risks of injuries are very high
- Other devices can be planted
- Loss of time and high financial effect
- Employees are not available to help in a search
ACCIDENT
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS
- Do not panic
- Inform control
- Activate relevant emergency team
- Safeguard the area
- Given the nature of the accident
- Report if people are injured and how many
- Administer first aid if qualified
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- Make injured people comfortable
- If emergency situation still exist help the emergency staff
NATURAL DISASTER
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS (IAD)
- Notify control
- Assess the situation
- Determine the extent of damage
- Keep inquisitive people away
- Emergency staff must be activated immediately
- Report number of people killed or injured
- Report place and type of disaster
TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS
- Earthquake
- Hail storms
- Disturbances of earth surfaces
- Floods
- Lightning
WHAT IS A STRIKE?
A strike is the lawful or unlawful action by a group of workers who stop working without
the intention of resigning.
TYPES OF STRIKES
Peaceful strike – this is also known as “walk-out” or wild cat” strike
- Common and occurs in workshops
- Normally not planned
- Lasts for a few hours
Riotous strike
- Starts when negotiation are unsuccessful
- Often violent
- Arson or damage to property
- Throwing of stones and other objects
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS IN CASE OF A STRIKE
- Report to control / supervisor
- Be off from the scene
- Do not get involved in negotiations
- Exercise caution
- Do not appear heavily armed
- Hide weapons carefully
- Don’t do anything to provoke the group.
- Follow orders of the Police
ARMED ROBBERY
It is the commitment of a crime for personal gain where there is no hesitation of killing
with a firearm
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It is often well planned and offenders have no respect for life
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS IN CASE OF ARMED ROBBERY
- Do not panic
- Act according to emergency plan in place
- Report to control / SAPS
- Never stop the armed robbers unless sure of what you are going to do.
- Gather as much information on the people, weapons and vehicles
- Take care of lives
- Do not try to be a hero
- Support all traumatized employees and visitors
- Remain calm until help arrives
HOSTAGE SITUATION
Hostage situations can occur under so many situations not only political
Where criminals cannot easily escape, they take hostages to bargain their escape
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS (IAD)
- Stay calm
- Never argue with them
- Do what they demand of you
- Try to keep the hostages together
- Try to convince them
- Ask them to sit down
- Make friends with them
- Do not try to escape
- If they shoot take cover
- Determine the following, type of firearm, their nationality, their movement, sex
FIRE
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILL
- Do not panic
- Try to extinguish with the right extinguisher
- Sound the alarm if fire is beyond you
- Report to control
- Report to fire brigade
- Prevent access
- Ensure no one is trapped
- Assist any injured
- Render first aid if qualified
- Clear path for fire brigade
- Carry out instruction of fire brigade
- Ensure accessibility to fire hydrant
- Evacuate
BOMB
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILL
- Do not panic
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- Evacuate immediately
- Let employees remove all personal belongings
- Report all suspicious objects
- Don’t touch anything suspicious
- Mark the area
- Keep inquisitive bystanders away
- Uphold all round defense for looters
- Do not use radio in close proximity.
MODULE 4
BOMB THREATS
PURPOSES OF BOMB APPLICATION
- To deliberately set fire to premises, buildings, property, etc.
- To deliberately kill or injure people
- To draw attention to political grievances or dissatisfaction
- To draw attention away from planned incidents elsewhere
- To disrupt essential services
- To occupy security personnel
- It serves as a psychological onslaught
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILL IN RECOGNISING A BOMB
- Notify control immediately
- Don’t touch it, leave it alone
- Inform SAPS
- Open doors and windows
- Mark the location
- Secure and protect the place
- Evacuate the premises
CONDUCTING A BOMB SEARCH
The layout of the threatened area will determine how to do it. However, the following
must be noted.
- Begin the search 15 – 20 meters away from the building
- Manholes
- Culverts
- Piles of rubbish, leaves
- Rubbish bins
- Mail boxes
- In and around plants
- Flower boxes and ornamentals
- Windows and door ledges
- Air conditioner units
- Ventilation and extractor fans
- Ledges
- Window flower pots and boxes
- Gutters and overhangs
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- Fire escapes
STEPS TO FOLLOW WHEN YOU RECEIVE A TELEPHONIC BOMB THREAT.
- Stay calm – do not cause panic
- Keep the person talking as long as possible
- Listen carefully to the voice
- Ask the person to repeat the question
- Note the language of the person
- Is he a male or female
- Does the voice sound like an adult?
- Note the accent
- How serious does the person sound?
- Does the person sound anxious or nervous?
- Try to establish from where the call is made
- Listen to the background noise, music, trains, taxis, etc
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MODULE 5
THE THREAT (THE RISK)
WHAT IS A THREAT/DEFINITION OF A THREAT
A threat is any action which is detrimental to an organization, a company or a person
and differs in intensity depending on time, place and product
ELEMENTS THAT INTENSIFY THE THREAT
Location
If the company is located where housebreaking frequently occurs, the chances are that
it will happen there
Time
Financial instability and crisis period, high unemployment situation, poverty can cause
high financial crimes
Products
Products or services – a company manufacturing armaments, espionage and sabotage
will be main threats
Financial institutions will have to deal with fraud and robbery
INTERNAL THREAT
It is the threat arising from the people (EMPLOYEES OR CONTRACT WORKERS)
authorized to be on the premises of the company. Examples are…
- Espionage
- Sabotage
- Breaking and entering
- Fraud
- Strikes
- Robbery
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EXTERNAL THREAT
It is the threat arising out of people not authorized to be on the premises of the
company or people visiting the premises to make use of the services they render.
Examples include…
- Espionage
- Sabotage
- Breaking and entering
- Fraud
- Robbery
THREATS CAN BE COUNTERED / PREVENTED OR NEUTRALIZED BY...
- Internal threats can be neutralized or countered by…
a. Effective personnel screening
b. Security awareness programs
- External threats can be neutralized or countered by…
a. Proper and effective access control
b. Regular patrols
THE ‘COMBINATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREATS’.
It is employees (INTERNAL) giving information regarding security measures of a
company, dates and places of delivery to non-employees (EXTERNAL)
THREATS AGAINST SECURITY
- Assault
- Robbery
- Murder
- Intimidation
- Bribery
THREATS AGAINST INSTALLATION
- House breaking
- Robbery
- Industrial espionage
- Sabotage
- Arson
- Vehicle hijacking
- Trespass
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN NEUTRALIZING THE THREAT TO THE INSTALLATION
- Be familiar with immediate action drills
- Enforce access control duties
- Maintain a high standard of fire prevention and protection
- Familiarize yourself with all the rules and regulations relevant to legal aspects
- Remain alert to bomb threats
COUNTER MEASURES AGAINST THE THREAT
- Report and observe suspicious people, vehicles, and objects
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- Identify and report all loopholes in the in the security system
- Enforce all security measures laid down by the organization or installation
- Don’t discuss security measures or your work with unauthorized people
- Report any form of intimidation or bribery immediately to your supervisor
- Be alert when unknown people approach you.
- Don’t trust anybody. Keep a safe distance between you and strangers
- Know how to use your firearm and other equipment
- Know your emergency numbers
- Know and understand your legal rights
- When on patrol be alert and ensure that all windows and doors are locked
- Never apprehend a suspect belonging to a large group.
- Call for a back-up when necessary
- When escorting people
a. Plan your route before hand
b. Do not discuss your route and load with unauthorized people
c. Don’t allow unauthorized people on vehicle
d. Use safe routes
e. Report all suspicious people and vehicles following you.
MODULE 6
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
- Lack of knowledge
- Physical and mental defects
- Inadequate / poor work standards
- Improper attitude
- Unsafe conditions
UNSAFE CONDITIONS THAT CAN EXIST WHEN LOADING OR OFF LOADING TRUCKS
- Loads falling off
- Uneven floors
- Slippery floors
- Uneven loads
- Poorly illuminated places
UNSAFE ACTS
When workers work in improper way, their actions might result in accidents
- Working at unsafe speed, e.g. driving a forklift at a high speed inside the
workshop
- Working without authority, e.g. unlicensed driver using forklift
- Failure to secure machinery and equipment
- Rendering safety devices inoperative
- Arranging items in an unsafe manner
- Fooling, Teasing and abusing fellow workers
- Using equipment in unsafe manner
- Working on moving equipment
- Taking chances
- Failure to use safety equipment
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UNSAFE CONDITIONS/POOR HOUSE KEEPING
Is any condition that has the potential to cause an accident?
- Unsafe construction
- Lack of guards (Protective covers for machines)
- Poorly lit areas
- Unsafe storage of hazardous substances (dangerous substances / poison)
- Overcrowding work places
- Disorder / haphazard planning
- Bad Layout
- Uneven floors
- Slippery floors
- Inadequate ventilation
- Poor / Inadequate ventilation
MODULE 7
FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION
TYPES OF FUEL TO CLASSES OF FIRE/BASIC CLASSES OF FIRE
Class A Solids Paper, wood, coal, plastics, trash
Class B Liquids Alcohol, benzene, paraffin, petrol, gasoline, paint
Class C Electricity Switchboards, cables
Class D Metals Magnesium, potassium, aluminum, sodium
Class E Gasses Propane, butane, methane
CLASS A –AGENTS
Water extinguishers or Air pressurized water extinguishers (APW)
CLASS B - AGENTS
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) Filled with foam or powder and pressurized with nitrogen,
Vaporizing liquid, Carbon dioxide, BCF
CLASS C – AGENTS
Carbon dioxide (nonflammable gas), Dry Chemical Powder, BCF
POSSIBLE RESULTANT LOSS DUE TO UNCONTROLLED FIRE
- People – lives and injuries
- Property – damage and destruction
- Products – damage and destruction
- Production – delays, complete close down
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND HOW TO RECOGNISE THEM
TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER COLOUR / LABLE
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Water type of extinguisher RED
Carbon dioxide BLACK
Dry Chemical Powder BLUE
BCF GREEN
Vaporizing liquid CREAM
BCF – BROMOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
COMMON RISKS AND HAZARDS OF FIRE
- Process risks
- Storage risks
- Exposure risks
IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS IN CASE OF FIRE
- Notify control
- Notify fire brigade
- Sound the alarm
- Attempt to extinguish
- Switch off all electrical mains
- Render first aid to the injured if qualified
- Assist in evacuation
- Control the area
DANGERS ARISING IF WRONG TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER IS USED ON FIRE
- Cause death
- Cause injury
- Intensify or spread the fire
- Might not have any effect on the fire
ROLE DOES THE SECURITY OFFICER PLAY IN THE EXECUTION OF FIRE DRILLS AND
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Most fires start at night the security officer is therefore the first on the scene,
ceteris paribus
- Quick and correct extinguishing or control of the fire will prevent excessive
damage
- Therefore, the security officer must be conversant with …
- The chemistry of the fire
- Fire classification and use of extinguishing media
- Fire alarm procedure
- Emergency procedure of the premises
THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR TO REMEMBER WHEN FIGHTING FIRE
- REACT upon discovering fire or
- You have only seconds to respond
- Respond quickly and efficiently
- Stay calm
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- Know your options
- Best option leave the area
- Call for help
- Try to extinguish if possible
- Use right type of extinguisher
- Ensure exit is available
- Close door to prevent spreading of fire
- Call fire brigade
EXPLAIN THE TERM REACT
R – Remove person
E – Ensure doors are closed
A – Activate alarm
C – Call fire brigade
T – Treat all fires as dangerous
MODULE 8
WRITTEN REPORT
REQUIREMENTS THAT WOULD ENABLE THE SECURITY OFFICER TO WRITE AN
EFFECTIVE REPORT
- Accurate
- Concise
- Complete
- Objective
- Descriptive
- Honest
QUESTIONS THAT CAN ENABLE THE SECURITY OFFICER TO WRITE AN ACCURATE
AND CONCISE REPORT/CONTENTS OF A REPORT
- Who (was / is involved)?
- What (happened)?
- When (did it happen)?
- Where (did it happen)?
- Why (did it happen)?
- How (was it resolved)?
COMPONENTS OF A WRITTEN REPORT
- Heading
- Body
- Recommendations
- Suggestions
- Conclusion
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