U.P.
Secondary Education Service Selection Board
23, Elanganj, Prayagraj-211002
Syllabus-Lecturer
Geography (15)
Definition and Scope of Geography - Concepts of various scholars regarding the subject of
Geography - Humboldt, Ritter, Ratzel, Hettner, Davis, Vidal de la Blache, Carl Sauer, Peter
Haggett, William Bunge, Harvey and Smith. Major Concepts – Determinism, Possibilism,
Neo-determinism and Environmental Determinism (Ecological System).
Physical Geography -
● Lithosphere – Internal structure of the Earth, formation of the Earth's crust, minerals
and rocks, earth movements, volcanoes and earthquakes – Latest theories, folding and
faulting and the landforms produced by them, cycle of erosion (and their geomorphic
imprints), groundwater, wind, sea and glacial activities and related landforms.
● Atmosphere: Structure – Insolation and heat budget, horizontal and vertical distribution
of temperature, conditions of temperature inversion, air pressure belts and winds,
shifting of air pressure belts and their impact, humidity and types of precipitation, types
and forms of clouds, temperate and tropical cyclones - origin, activity, and effect on
weather, classification of world climate by Koppen and Thornthwaite.
● Hydrosphere - Temperature and salinity of ocean water, ocean currents, tides, ocean
deposits, coral islands and coral reefs - their origin, distribution, and environmental
significance.
● Biosphere - Types and world distribution of vegetation, environmental importance of
evergreen forests, vegetation and ecosystem, biodiversity and its ecological importance,
the problem of deforestation, forest conservation.
Human Geography - Human-environment relationship, Paleolithic age, Neolithic age, impact of
technology on human-environment interrelationship - Agricultural Revolution, Industrial
Revolution, and Information Revolution. Environmental impact of population growth,
demographic models (patterns of population problems in developed and developing countries).
Economic Geography - Resources and their classification, classification of resources from
different perspectives, principles of resource conservation, water, soil, mineral energy -
use-related problems and conservation. Human resource conservation. Use of agricultural land
- food grain production and its regional patterns - wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, tea, coffee,
rubber, major agricultural regions of the world, industrial patterns of the world, reasons for the
localization of industries, major theories of industrial location - Minimum Cost Theory, Market
Competition Theory, industrial regions of the world, international trade - major trade blocs, major
international transport routes, airports, and seaports.
Regional Geography - The concept of developed, developing, and transitional countries and a
discussion of the characteristics of each - A study of the physical features, population, resource
base, and development of the following regions: (a) Anglo-America (b) European Community (c)
Russia (d) China (e) Japan (f) South-East Asia.
Geographical Features of India – (1) Physical features of India - Relief, drainage, climate,
vegetation, and soil - international patterns, and El Niño effect, drought and flood-prone areas,
resource base - mineral and energy resources, irrigation, hydroelectricity, multi-purpose
projects, economic pattern - agricultural food grain production, cash crops, latest trends in
agriculture, industrial development, industrial policy of India, basic industries (Iron-Steel), energy
production, cement, aluminum production - distribution patterns and production trends,
development and problems of infrastructure, population growth and distribution - regional
patterns, problems related to population growth, regional patterns of economic development.
