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C# Module 5

The document outlines various aspects of ASP.NET web applications, including the use of Master Pages for consistent layouts, steps to create a simple web-time application, and the construction of a multi-tier architecture. It also details session management techniques, registration forms with validation controls, and comparisons between cookies and sessions. Additionally, it provides examples of code-behind files and demonstrates session tracking using cookies and HTTP session state.

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shivgond419
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17 views27 pages

C# Module 5

The document outlines various aspects of ASP.NET web applications, including the use of Master Pages for consistent layouts, steps to create a simple web-time application, and the construction of a multi-tier architecture. It also details session management techniques, registration forms with validation controls, and comparisons between cookies and sessions. Additionally, it provides examples of code-behind files and demonstrates session tracking using cookies and HTTP session state.

Uploaded by

shivgond419
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.Explain the use of master pages in ASP.NET web applications.

Master Pages in ASP.NET provide a way to create a consistent layout across multiple web
pages in an application. They allow developers to define a template structure, which child
pages (content pages) inherit, ensuring uniform design and easier maintenance.

2. List the steps to create a simple ASP.NET Web-Time application.


Steps to Create a Simple ASP.NET Web-Timer Application
This ASP.NET web application will display the current time and refresh dynamically.
1. Setup a New ASP.NET Web Application
Open Visual Studio.
Create a New Project → Select ASP.NET Web Application.
Choose Empty Template and add Web Forms.
2. Design Web Page (Default.aspx)
Create a Web Form (Default.aspx).
Add an ASP.NET Label to display the time.
Use ASP.NET Timer Control for automatic refresh.
3. Add Code Behind (Default.aspx.cs)
Fetch current system time using DateTime.Now.
Update label on every timer tick.
4. Run and Test the Application
Build the Project (Ctrl + Shift + B).
Run in Browser (Ctrl + F5).
The page will dynamically update the time every second!
5. Enhancements
Style Time Display (CSS) for better appearance.
Use AJAX Timer to reduce server load.
Format Time Display ("HH:mm:ss", "dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss").

3. Explain the steps to construct a multi-tier architecture for a web application by


describing the roles and responsibilities of the presentation layer, business logic layer,
and data access layer.
1. Presentation Layer (UI Layer)
Role: Handles user interaction, input validation, and UI rendering.
Responsibilities:
• Displays web pages using HTML, CSS, JavaScript.

• Processes user inputs and sends them to the Business Logic Layer.
• Uses frameworks like ASP.NET MVC, React, Angular for front-end development.
• Communicates with the Business Layer using APIs or service calls.
Ex:
<form method="post" action="/Login">
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Enter username">
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Enter password">
<button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>

2. Business Logic Layer (BLL)


Role: Implements business rules, processes data, and acts as an intermediary.
Responsibilities:
• Validates input before communicating with the Data Access Layer.

• Applies complex business rules (e.g., payment processing, authentication).


• Uses C# classes, services, or REST APIs to expose business logic.
Ex:
public class UserService
{
public bool ValidateUser(string username, string password)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
return false;

return username == "admin" && password == "password123";


}
}

3. Data Access Layer (DAL)


Role: Interacts with the database, retrieving and modifying data securely.
Responsibilities:
• Establishes database connections using ADO.NET, Entity Framework (EF), Dapper.
• Performs CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on data.
• Uses parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection.
• Ensures data integrity and transaction management.
Ex:
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public class UserRepository
{
private string connectionString = "Server=myServer;Database=myDB;User
Id=myUser;Password=myPass;";

public bool AuthenticateUser(string username, string password)


{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
conn.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Users WHERE
Username=@User AND Password=@Pass", conn);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@User", username);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Pass", password);

int count = (int)cmd.ExecuteScalar();


return count > 0;
}
}
}

4. Design an ASP.NET Webpage to demonstrate the Label, Button and Textbox controls.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebDemo.Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ASP.NET Controls Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Enter your name:" Font-
Size="16px" />
<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
<br />
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
<br />
<asp:Label ID="lblOutput" runat="server" Font-Size="16px" ForeColor="Blue" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

5. Describe the best approach for implementing session tracking in an ASP.NET


application and explain the steps to maintain user state.
Session Management Approaches in ASP.NET
Method Description Best Use Case
Session State Stores user-specific data on the E-commerce,
(HttpSessionState) server authentication
Saves small user data in the Remembering
Cookies (HttpCookie)
browser preferences
Saves data within the page for Single-page
ViewState (ViewState)
postbacks applications
Query Strings Temporary data
Passes data via URL
(Request.QueryString) transfer
Cache (HttpRuntime.Cache) Stores frequently accessed data Improving performance
Stores user preferences on the
Local Storage (HTML5) Front-end applications
client
Steps to Maintain Session State in ASP.NET
Step 1: Enable Session State
ASP.NET automatically manages session state in Web.config:
Step 2: Store and Retrieve Session Data
In C# Code Behind, use Session object to manage user data.
Step 3: Handle Session Expiry
Redirect users to login page if session expires.
Step 4: Destroy Session When User Logs Out
Clear session data to prevent unauthorized access.
6.Develop a Registration Form with all Validation Controls.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Register.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Register" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Registration Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<h2>User Registration</h2>

<!-- Username -->


<asp:Label ID="lblUsername" runat="server" Text="Username:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtUsername" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvUsername" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtUsername"
ErrorMessage="Username is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Email -->


<asp:Label ID="lblEmail" runat="server" Text="Email:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ErrorMessage="Email is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Email Format!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="^[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Password -->


<asp:Label ID="lblPassword" runat="server" Text="Password:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtPassword"
ErrorMessage="Password is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtPassword"
ErrorMessage="Password must be at least 6 characters!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression=".{6,}" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Confirm Password -->


<asp:Label ID="lblConfirmPassword" runat="server" Text="Confirm Password:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtConfirmPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvConfirmPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtConfirmPassword"
ErrorMessage="Confirm Password is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:CompareValidator ID="cvConfirmPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtConfirmPassword"
ControlToCompare="txtPassword" ErrorMessage="Passwords do not match!"
ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />
<!-- Mobile Number -->
<asp:Label ID="lblMobileNo" runat="server" Text="Mobile No:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtMobileNo" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvMobileNo" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtMobileNo"
ErrorMessage="Mobile Number is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revMobileNo" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtMobileNo"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Mobile Number!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="^\d{10}$" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Submit Button -->


<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Register"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
8.Compare between cookie and session
Differences Between Cookies and Sessions
Feature Cookies Session
Storage
Stored on the client's browser Stored on the server
Location
Data Size Limited (typically 4KB max) Can store larger amounts of data
More secure (data hidden on the
Security Less secure (visible in the browser)
server)
Active only during the session (until
Can be set to expire (e.g., minutes,
Lifespan the user closes the browser or logs
days, or never)
out)
Can impact server load due to
Performance Fast, as data is stored client-side
server-side storage
Storing preferences (e.g., themes, Managing user state (e.g., login
Use Case
language, authentication tokens) sessions, shopping carts)
Manipulation Can be modified by users (unless Users cannot modify session data
Risk encrypted) directly

9.Explain code behind file with an example.


A code-behind file in ASP.NET is a C# or VB.NET file that contains the logic for a web page
but is separated from the UI design (.aspx). This approach helps in maintaining clean
code, improving reusability, and making web applications easier to manage
Ex:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Demo.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Demo" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Code-Behind Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Enter Your Name:" />
<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
<br /><br />
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
<br /><br />
<asp:Label ID="lblOutput" runat="server" ForeColor="Blue" Font-Size="16px" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

10.Describe session management in ASP.NET using controls.


ASP.NET controls enable developers to interact with session data dynamically. The
following controls are commonly used:
Control Usage in Session Management
TextBox (asp:TextBox) Captures user input for storing in session state
Button (asp:Button) Triggers actions to store/retrieve session data
Label (asp:Label) Displays stored session values dynamically
GridView (asp:GridView) Retrieves session-stored data in a structured format
Session Object (Session["key"]) Stores user-specific values on the server

11.Build a ASP.NET webpage to demonstrate the label, button and textbox controls.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ASP.NET Controls Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Enter Your Name:" />
<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
<br /><br />
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
<br /><br />
<asp:Label ID="lblOutput" runat="server" ForeColor="Blue" Font-Size="18px" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

12.Demonstrate session tracking using cookies and HTTP session state.


1. Session Tracking Using Cookies
Cookies allow client-side storage of user data that persists even after the browser is
closed.
Example: Setting and Retrieving Cookies in ASP.NET
// Storing a cookie
HttpCookie userCookie = new HttpCookie("UserName", "JohnDoe");
userCookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(7); // Cookie expires in 7 days
Response.Cookies.Add(userCookie);

// Retrieving a cookie
string username = Request.Cookies["UserName"]?.Value;
Console.WriteLine("Welcome, " + username); Data is stored on the client-side
(browser).
Used for preferences (e.g., theme, language settings).
Less secure, as users can modify cookie values.
2. Session Tracking Using HTTP Session State
// Storing session data
Session["UserName"] = "JohnDoe";

// Retrieving session data


string username = Session["UserName"].ToString();
Console.WriteLine("Session Data: " + username);

// Ending a session (on logout)


Session.Abandon(); Stores data securely on the server.
Ideal for storing authentication details and temporary data.
Expires after a set duration or when the user logs out.
13.Develop a registration form with all validation controls
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Register.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Register" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Registration Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<h2>User Registration</h2>

<!-- Username -->


<asp:Label ID="lblUsername" runat="server" Text="Username:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtUsername" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvUsername" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtUsername"
ErrorMessage="Username is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Email -->


<asp:Label ID="lblEmail" runat="server" Text="Email:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ErrorMessage="Email is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Email Format!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="^[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Password -->


<asp:Label ID="lblPassword" runat="server" Text="Password:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtPassword"
ErrorMessage="Password is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtPassword"
ErrorMessage="Password must be at least 6 characters!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression=".{6,}" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Confirm Password -->


<asp:Label ID="lblConfirmPassword" runat="server" Text="Confirm Password:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtConfirmPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvConfirmPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtConfirmPassword"
ErrorMessage="Confirm Password is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:CompareValidator ID="cvConfirmPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtConfirmPassword"
ControlToCompare="txtPassword" ErrorMessage="Passwords do not match!"
ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Mobile Number -->


<asp:Label ID="lblMobileNo" runat="server" Text="Mobile No:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtMobileNo" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvMobileNo" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtMobileNo"
ErrorMessage="Mobile Number is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revMobileNo" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtMobileNo"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Mobile Number!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="^\d{10}$" />
<br /><br />
<!-- Submit Button -->
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Register"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
14.Describe Event with appropriate example.
An event in ASP.NET is an action or occurrence that the web application can respond to,
such as clicking a button, selecting a dropdown, or loading a page. Events allow
developers to execute custom logic when users interact with the application.
Ex:
using System;

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page


{
protected void btnClickMe_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
lblOutput.Text = "Button clicked! Event executed successfully.";
}
}

15.Describe the extension methods in C#.


Extension methods in C# allow developers to add new functionality to existing types
without modifying their original code. They help extend the behavior of classes, structs,
or interfaces in a clean and reusable way.

16.Explain in detail multiuser application architecture


A multiuser application architecture is a software design model that allows multiple users
to access and interact with the system simultaneously. These architectures ensure
scalability, concurrency, and data integrity, making them essential for web applications,
enterprise systems, and cloud-based solutions.
Architectural Models for Multiuser Applications
2.1. Two-Tier Architecture
Client → Direct Database Connection
✔ Simple and lightweight for small applications.
✔ High risk of performance issues with many users.
Not scalable for enterprise systems.
2.2. Three-Tier Architecture
Client → Business Logic → Database
✔ Improves security & scalability.
✔ Supports multiple users concurrently.
✔ Best for web-based applications (ASP.NET MVC, Spring Boot).
2.3. Microservices Architecture
Independent Services → Database → API Gateway
✔ Ensures high scalability for millions of users.
✔ Supports distributed systems (Netflix, Uber).
✔ Enables containerized deployments (Docker, Kubernetes).

17.Discuss grid view control and dropdown list.


. GridView Control
The GridView control is used to display and manage tabular data from a database or a
collection.
Key Features
Supports sorting, paging, and editing.
Binds to SQL data sources, collections, XML files.
Allows custom templates for dynamic styling.
Example: GridView with SQL Database
<asp:GridView ID="gvEmployees" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="true"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
</asp:GridView>

<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server"


ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyDB %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Position FROM Employees">
</asp:SqlDataSource>
2. DropDownList Control
The DropDownList control allows users to select a value from a predefined list.
Key Features
Can be data-bound or manually populated with items.
Supports event handling (SelectedIndexChanged).
Useful for filtering GridView results dynamically.
Example: DropDownList with Static Items
<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlRoles" runat="server">
<asp:ListItem Text="Administrator" Value="Admin" />
<asp:ListItem Text="Manager" Value="Manager" />
<asp:ListItem Text="Employee" Value="Employee" />
</asp:DropDownList>
18.Describe session tracking with an appropriate example.
Session tracking in C# (ASP.NET) enables web applications to maintain user-specific data
across multiple requests. Since HTTP is stateless, session tracking allows storing user data
temporarily on the server.

1. Implementing Session Tracking in C# (ASP.NET)


Step 1: Store Data in Session
// Store user data in session
Session["UserName"] = "JohnDoe";
Session["UserID"] = 12345;

The Session object stores key-value pairs that persist during the session.
Step 2: Retrieve Session Data
// Retrieve user data from session
string username = Session["UserName"]?.ToString();
int userId = Convert.ToInt32(Session["UserID"]);

Console.WriteLine($"Welcome, {username}. Your ID is {userId}");

The session value is retrieved and displayed.


Step 3: Handle Session Expiry
// Check if session exists before accessing
if (Session["UserName"] == null)
{
Response.Redirect("Login.aspx"); // Redirect to login if session expires
}

When a session expires, redirect users to re-authenticate.


Step 4: Destroy Session on Logout
// Clear session data
Session.Abandon(); // Ends session
Response.Redirect("Home.aspx");
Session.Abandon() removes all stored session values.

2. Managing Session Timeout


Configure session timeout in Web.config:
<configuration>
<system.web>
<sessionState mode="InProc" timeout="30"/>
</system.web>
</configuration>

timeout="30" means session expires after 30 minutes of inactivity.

3. Alternative: Using Cookies for Session Tracking


Instead of session state, cookies enable persistent tracking:
// Set a cookie
HttpCookie userCookie = new HttpCookie("UserName", "JohnDoe");
userCookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(7); // Cookie expires in 7 days
Response.Cookies.Add(userCookie);

// Retrieve cookie data


string username = Request.Cookies["UserName"]?.Value;
Console.WriteLine($"Welcome back, {username}");

19.Discuss GridViewControl with an example.


The GridView control in ASP.NET Web Forms is a powerful tool used for displaying tabular
data dynamically. It supports various features like paging, sorting, editing, and deleting
records, making it ideal for data-driven applications.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true"
CodeBehind="GridViewDemo.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApp.GridViewDemo" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>GridView Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<asp:GridView ID="gvEmployees" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="true"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" />

<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server"


ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyDB %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Position FROM Employees">
</asp:SqlDataSource>
</form>
</body>
</html>

20.Describe any types of validation controls available in ASP.NET with appropriate


example.
1. RequiredFieldValidator
Ensures a user must enter a value before submitting a form.
Example: Validating Name Input
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvName" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtName"
ErrorMessage="Name is required!" ForeColor="Red" />

✔ This validation prevents users from leaving the txtName field empty.

2. CompareValidator
Checks whether two field values match, commonly used for password confirmation.
Example: Password Confirmation
<asp:TextBox ID="txtPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtConfirmPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:CompareValidator ID="cvPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtConfirmPassword"
ControlToCompare="txtPassword" ErrorMessage="Passwords do not match!"
ForeColor="Red" />
✔ Ensures that both password fields match before submission.

3. RangeValidator
Restricts input within a defined range, ensuring numeric values remain valid.
Example: Age Validation (18–60 Years Old)
<asp:TextBox ID="txtAge" runat="server" />
<asp:RangeValidator ID="rvAge" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtAge"
MinimumValue="18" MaximumValue="60" Type="Integer"
ErrorMessage="Age must be between 18 and 60!" ForeColor="Red" />

✔ Displays an error if the entered age is outside the allowed range.

4. RegularExpressionValidator
Validates input format using regular expressions, such as email or phone number
validation.
Example: Email Validation
<asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Email Format!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="^[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$" />

✔ Ensures users enter a properly formatted email address.

5. CustomValidator
Allows developers to implement custom validation logic in the code-behind.
Example: Username Restriction
<asp:TextBox ID="txtUsername" runat="server" />
<asp:CustomValidator ID="cvUsername" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtUsername"
ErrorMessage="Username is already taken!" ForeColor="Red"
OnServerValidate="ValidateUsername" />
Code-Behind (Register.aspx.cs)
protected void ValidateUsername(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs args)
{
string username = args.Value;
args.IsValid = username != "Admin"; // Example restriction: "Admin" is reserved
}

✔ Ensures users do not enter restricted usernames during registration.

6. ValidationSummary
Displays all validation errors in one place, improving user experience.
Example: Displaying All Errors Together
<asp:ValidationSummary ID="valSummary" runat="server" ForeColor="Red" />

✔ Helps users quickly see what needs to be corrected.

21.Construct a C# Web application for accepting two numbers using textboxes and
display the result in the form using button click event.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Calculator.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Calculator" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Calculator</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<h2>Add Two Numbers</h2>

<!-- First Number -->


<asp:Label ID="lblNum1" runat="server" Text="Enter First Number:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtNum1" runat="server" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Second Number -->


<asp:Label ID="lblNum2" runat="server" Text="Enter Second Number:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtNum2" runat="server" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Submit Button -->


<asp:Button ID="btnCalculate" runat="server" Text="Calculate Sum"
OnClick="btnCalculate_Click" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Output Label -->


<asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server" ForeColor="Blue" Font-Size="18px" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

22.Elucidate the Multi-tier application architecture, with a neat diagram.


Multi-Tier Application Architecture
A multi-tier architecture is a structured software design model that separates an
application into distinct layers (tiers) to improve scalability, maintainability, and security.
This approach is widely used in enterprise applications, web systems, and cloud solutions,
ensuring efficient processing and data management.
1. Components of Multi-Tier Architecture
A typical multi-tier architecture consists of the following layers:
✔ Presentation Layer (Client/UI) – The user interface where users interact with the
system. Technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Angular, React, ASP.NET Web Forms.
✔ Business Logic Layer (Application Layer) – Handles business rules, calculations, and
request processing. Technologies include C#, ASP.NET Core, Java, Node.js, Spring Boot.
✔ Data Layer (Database Layer) – Stores and manages application data securely using SQL
Server, MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL.
Some architectures also include additional layers, such as Security Layer (for
authentication) and Caching Layer (for performance optimization).
23.Explain an ASP.NET Webpage to demonstrate the Label, Button and Textbox controls.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Demo.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Demo" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ASP.NET Controls Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<h2>ASP.NET Label, Button, and TextBox Demo</h2>

<!-- Label for instruction -->


<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Enter Your Name:" />
<br />

<!-- TextBox for user input -->


<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Button to trigger event -->


<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Label to display output -->


<asp:Label ID="lblOutput" runat="server" ForeColor="Blue" Font-Size="18px" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

24.What is the purpose of the code-behind file in an ASP.NET application?


Purpose of the Code-Behind File in an ASP.NET Application
In an ASP.NET Web Forms application, a code-behind file is a separate C# or VB.NET file
that contains the event handling and business logic for an .aspx page. It helps in
separating UI design from backend logic, improving maintainability, scalability, and code
organization.
Key Roles of Code-Behind Files
Separates UI and Logic → Ensures a clean structure by keeping design (.aspx) and logic
(.aspx.cs) separate.
Enhances Maintainability → Code updates can be made without modifying the UI.
Facilitates Event Handling → Handles user interactions like button clicks, dropdown
selections, and page loads.
Encapsulates Business Logic → Ensures secure and structured data processing behind
the scenes.

25.What are the essential files and components required to create a basic ASP.NET Web
Forms application?
Essential Files and Components for a Basic ASP.NET Web Forms Application
An ASP.NET Web Forms application consists of several essential files and components to
structure the project efficiently. Below are the key elements required:
1. Project Structure and Essential Files
A basic ASP.NET Web Forms application includes the following files:
File/Component Purpose
.aspx File (Web Form) Defines the UI using HTML, CSS, and ASP.NET controls
.aspx.cs (Code-Behind
Contains server-side logic and event handling in C#
File)
Stores application settings, authentication, and database
Web.config
connection
Defines global application events such as session start and
Global.asax
request processing
App_Code Folder Contains reusable classes and business logic
App_Data Folder Stores application-related data like local databases
File/Component Purpose
Master Page (.master
Defines a consistent layout for multiple pages
file)
User Controls (.ascx file) Components that can be reused across different pages
CSS & JavaScript Files Used for styling and enhancing UI interactivity

26.What is a multi-tier (n-tier) architecture in web development? Explain the purpose of


each layer in a typical 3-tier ASP.NET application.
Multi-Tier (N-Tier) Architecture in Web Development
A multi-tier architecture, also known as n-tier architecture, is a structured design pattern
that separates an application into multiple layers (tiers). This architecture improves
scalability, maintainability, security, and performance by organizing different
functionalities into independent layers.
A typical 3-tier ASP.NET application consists of three primary layers:
1. Presentation Layer (User Interface)
✔ Purpose: The front-end of the application, responsible for displaying UI components
and handling user interactions.
✔ Technologies Used: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap, ASP.NET Web Forms, React,
Angular.
✔ Functions:
• Renders visual elements (forms, buttons, labels, grids).
• Captures user inputs and sends requests to the business layer.
• Validates input before sending data to the server.
• Displays responses from the business and data layers (e.g., search results).
2. Business Logic Layer (Application Layer)
✔ Purpose: Processes business rules, handles application logic, and connects the UI with
the database.
✔ Technologies Used: C#, ASP.NET Core, Web API, Entity Framework, LINQ, Middleware.
✔ Functions:
• Validates user requests and enforces business rules.
• Manages authentication and authorization (e.g., login functionality).
• Processes data (calculations, transformations, validations).
• Calls the data layer for storing or retrieving records.
• Ensures security by restricting direct access to the database.
3. Data Layer (Database Management)
✔ Purpose: Responsible for data storage, retrieval, and management using structured
databases.
✔ Technologies Used: SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, ADO.NET, Entity
Framework.
✔ Functions:
• Stores and manages application data securely.
• Retrieves requested data efficiently.
• Ensures data consistency using transactions.
• Optimizes queries for performance enhancement.
• Implements data encryption and protection mechanisms.

27.What are standard web controls in ASP.NET? List and describe the use of at least three
such controls.
Standard Web Controls in ASP.NET
ASP.NET provides various web controls that help developers build dynamic web
applications efficiently. These controls are essential for user input, data display,
navigation, and interactivity. Below are three commonly used web controls:

1. Label (asp:Label)
✔ Purpose: Displays static or dynamic text on a web page.
✔ Usage: Often used to show messages, instructions, or results after user interaction.
Example:
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Enter Your Name:" />

Dynamic Update:
lblMessage.Text = "Welcome, User!";

2. TextBox (asp:TextBox)
✔ Purpose: Captures user input in web forms.
✔ Usage: Used in login forms, registration forms, search bars, etc.
Example:
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
Retrieving User Input:
string name = txtName.Text;

3. Button (asp:Button)
✔ Purpose: Triggers events when clicked.
✔ Usage: Used for form submission, calculations, navigation, etc.
Example:
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click"
/>

Event Handling (btnSubmit_Click):


protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
lblMessage.Text = "Hello, " + txtName.Text + "!";
}

28.What are validation controls in ASP.NET Web Forms? Give examples of how they are
used to validate user input on a form.
Validation Controls in ASP.NET Web Forms
Validation controls in ASP.NET Web Forms are used to ensure that user input is correct
before form submission. They help prevent incorrect data entry and improve user
experience by handling validation at the client and server levels.
1. Types of Validation Controls in ASP.NET
ASP.NET provides six primary validation controls:
Validation Control Purpose Example Use Case
Name, email, password
RequiredFieldValidator Ensures the field is not empty
inputs
Validation Control Purpose Example Use Case
Compares two field values for Password & Confirm
CompareValidator
equality Password
Restricts input to a numeric
RangeValidator Age (18-60), price, quantity
range
Email, phone number,
RegularExpressionValidator Validates format using regex
password
Implements custom validation
CustomValidator Advanced input checks
logic
Displays all validation errors
ValidationSummary Error summary message
together
2. Example: Registration Form with Validation Controls
The following form validates user input dynamically before submission.
Web Form (Register.aspx)
User Registration
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Register.aspx.cs"
Inherits="WebApp.Register" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Registration Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form runat="server">
<h2>User Registration</h2>

<!-- Name Field -->


<asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text="Name:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvName" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtName"
ErrorMessage="Name is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Email Field -->


<asp:Label ID="lblEmail" runat="server" Text="Email:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Email Format!" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="^[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Age Field (Range Validation) -->


<asp:Label ID="lblAge" runat="server" Text="Age (18-60):" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtAge" runat="server" />
<asp:RangeValidator ID="rvAge" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtAge"
MinimumValue="18" MaximumValue="60" Type="Integer"
ErrorMessage="Age must be between 18 and 60!" ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Password & Confirm Password -->


<asp:Label ID="lblPassword" runat="server" Text="Password:" />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtPassword"
ErrorMessage="Password is required!" ForeColor="Red" />
<br />

<asp:Label ID="lblConfirmPassword" runat="server" Text="Confirm Password:" />


<asp:TextBox ID="txtConfirmPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" />
<asp:CompareValidator ID="cvPassword" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtConfirmPassword"
ControlToCompare="txtPassword" ErrorMessage="Passwords do not match!"
ForeColor="Red" />
<br /><br />

<!-- Submit Button -->


<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Register" />
<asp:ValidationSummary ID="valSummary" runat="server" ForeColor="Red" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
29.How is session tracking implemented in ASP.NET Web Forms? What is the difference
between Session, ViewState, and Cookies?
1. Implementing Session Tracking in ASP.NET Web Forms
ASP.NET provides Session objects to store user-specific data on the server.
Storing Session Data
// Store user data in session Session["UserName"] = "JohnDoe"; Session["UserID"] =
12345;
This data persists until the session expires or the user logs out.
Retrieving Session Data
// Retrieve stored session values string username = Session["UserName"]?.ToString(); int
userId = Convert.ToInt32(Session["UserID"]); Response.Write($"Welcome, {username}.
Your ID is {userId}");
Session values are retrieved across multiple pages until expiration.
Ending Session on Logout
Session.Abandon(); // Clears session data Response.Redirect("Home.aspx"); // Redirects
user
Calling Session.Abandon() removes all stored session values.
2. Differences Between Session, ViewState, and Cookies
Feature Session ViewState Cookies
Storage
Server Client (Page) Client (Browser)
Location
Expires After timeout or logout When page reloads Manually set expiration
Available only on
Scope Available across all pages Available across pages
same page
Less secure (stored Less secure (user-
Security More secure (server-side)
in HTML) modifiable)
User authentication, User preferences,
Use Case Maintain UI state
temporary data remember login
3. Choosing Between Session, ViewState, and Cookies
✔ Use Sessions for login, authentication, and sensitive data.
✔ Use ViewState for preserving UI elements between postbacks.
✔ Use Cookies for saving user preferences over multiple visits.

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