SQL> select ASCII ('A') from dual;
ASCII('A')
----------
65
SQL> select CHR ('A') from dual;
select CHR ('A') from dual; *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number
SQL> select CHR ('65') from dual;
SQL> select CONCAT ('A','bc') from dual;
CON
---
Abc
SQL> select INITCAP ('hello') from dual;
INITC
-----
Hello
SQL> select INSTR ('This is Vnr','v') from dual;
INSTR('THISISVNR','V')
----------------------
SQL> select INSTR ('This is Vnr','V') from dual;
INSTR('THISISVNR','V')
----------------------
SQL> select LENGTH ('This is Vnr') from dual;
LENGTH('THISISVNR')
-------------------
11
SQL> select LOWER ('This is Vnr') from dual;
LOWER('THIS
-----------
this is vnr
SQL> select UPPER ('This is Vnr') from dual;
UPPER('THIS
-----------
THIS IS VNR
SQL> select RPAD ('This',5,'\') from dual;
RPAD(
-----
This\
SQL> select REPLACE ('This','hi','er') from dual;
REPL
----
Ters
SQL> select TRANSLATE ('This','hi','er') from dual;
TRAN
----
Ters
SQL> select TRANSLATE ('This','hi','e') from dual;
TRA
---
Tes
SQL> select TRANSLATE ('This','hi','eee') from dual;
TRAN
----
Tees
SQL> select RTRIM ('Thiss','ss') from dual;
RTR
---
Thi
SQL> select RTRIM ('Thiss','sshi') from dual;
SQL> select RTRIM ('Thiss','ssih') from dual;
SQL> select SUBSTR ('Thiss',1,2) from dual;
SU
--
Th
SQL> select POWER (3.5,1) from dual;
POWER(3.5,1)
------------
3.5
SQL> select POWER (3.5,2) from dual;
POWER(3.5,2)
------------
12.25
SQL> select SQRT (3.5) from dual;
SQRT(3.5)
----------
1.87082869
SQL> select SQRT (3.5i) from dual;
select SQRT (3.5i) from dual; *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> select (3*8) from dual;
(3*8)
----------
24
SQL> select ADD_MONTHS (sysdate,1) from dual;
ADD_MONTH
---------
22-AUG-25
SQL> select ADD_MONTHS (sysdate,2) from dual;
ADD_MONTH
---------
22-SEP-25
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
---------
22-JUL-25
SQL> select CURRENT_TIMESTAMP from dual;
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
22-JUL-25 10.46.28.681000 +05:30
SQL> select EXTRACT(day frem sysdate) from dual;
select EXTRACT(day frem sysdate) from dual; *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> select EXTRACT(day from sysdate) from dual;
EXTRACT(DAYFROMSYSDATE)
-----------------------
22
SQL> select EXTRACT(monday from sysdate) from dual;
select EXTRACT(monday from sysdate) from dual
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> select EXTRACT(month from sysdate) from dual;
EXTRACT(MONTHFROMSYSDATE)
-------------------------
7
SQL> select LAST_DATE (DATE '01-02-2016') from dual;
select LAST_DATE (DATE '01-02-2016') from dual; *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01847: day of month must be between 1 and last day of month
SQL> select LAST_DAY (DATE '01-02-2016') from dual;
select LAST_DAY (DATE '01-02-2016') from dual; *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01847: day of month must be between 1 and last day of month
SQL> select LAST_DATE (DATE '2016-02-01') from dual;
select LAST_DATE (DATE '2016-02-01') from dual*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "LAST_DATE": invalid identifier
SQL> select MONTHS_BETWEEN (DATE '2016-02-01',DATE '2018-09-01') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN(DATE'2016-02-01',DATE'2018-09-01')
-------------------------------------------------
-31
SQL> select NEXT_DAY (DATE '2000-01-01','SUNDAY') from dual;
NEXT_DAY(
---------
02-JAN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-01-01','MM') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JAN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-06-01','MM') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JUN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-06-01','YYYY') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JAN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-06-05','MM') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JUN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-06-05','DD') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
05-JUN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-06-15','MM') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JUN-00
SQL> select ROUND (DATE '2000-06-16','MM') from dual;
ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JUL-00
SQL> select TO_CHA (DATE '2000-06-16') from dual;
select TO_CHA (DATE '2000-06-16') from dual*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "TO_CHA": invalid identifier
SQL> select TO_CHAR (DATE '2000-06-16') from dual;
TO_CHAR(D
---------
16-JUN-00
SQL> select TO_DATE ('02072024') from dual;
select TO_DATE ('02072024') from dual*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string
SQL> select TO_DATE ('02JAN2024') from dual;
TO_DATE('
---------
02-JAN-24
SQL> select TO_DATE ('02072024') from dual;
select TO_DATE ('02072024') from dual *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string
SQL> select TO_CHAR ('1234657','88,888.88') from dual;
select TO_CHAR ('1234657','88,888.88') from dual *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01481: invalid number format model
SQL> select TO_CHAR ('1234657','99,999,99') from dual;
TO_CHAR('1
----------
12,346,57
SQL> select TO_CHAR ('1234657','99,999.99') from dual;
TO_CHAR('1
----------
##########
SQL> CREATE TABLE emp2 ( SNo varchar(5), Emp_names varchar(10), Salary varchar(10), Join_date date );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp2 (SNo, Emp_names, Salary, Join_date) VALUES ('1', 'Ravi', '2000', '01-02-2025');
INSERT INTO emp2 (SNo, Emp_names, Salary, Join_date) VALUES ('1', 'Ravi', '2000', '01-02-2025')*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01843: not a valid month
SQL> INSERT INTO emp2 (SNo, Emp_names, Salary, Join_date) VALUES ('1', 'Ravi', '2000', '01-FEB-2025');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp2 (SNo, Emp_names, Salary, Join_date) VALUES ('2', 'Nidhi', '5000', '04-FEB-2025');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp2 (SNo, Emp_names, Salary, Join_date) VALUES ('3', 'Keerthi', '2500', '01-FEB-2025');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from mp2;
select * from mp2*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select * from emp2;
SNO EMP_NAMES SALARY JOIN_DATE
----- ---------- ---------- ---------
1 Ravi 2000 01-FEB-25
2 Nidhi 5000 04-FEB-25
3 Keerthi 2500 01-FEB-25
SQL> select UPPER emp2 from dual;
select UPPER emp2 from dual*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "UPPER": invalid identifier
SQL> select UPPER from emp2;
select UPPER from emp2 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "UPPER": invalid identifier
SQL> select UPPER(emp2) from dual;
select UPPER(emp2) from dual *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "EMP2": invalid identifier
SQL> select UPPER(EMP_NAMES) from emp2;
UPPER(EMP_
----------
RAVI
NIDHI
KEERTHI
SQL> select REPLACE (EMP_NAMES,'a','@') from emp2;
REPLACE(EM
----------
R@vi
Nidhi
Keerthi
SQL> select SQRT (SALARY) from emp2;
SQRT(SALARY)
------------
44.7213595
70.7106781
50
SQL> select EXTRACT (day from Join_date) from emp2;
EXTRACT(DAYFROMJOIN_DATE)
-------------------------
SQL> select ROUND (DATE Join_date,'YYYY') from emp2;
select ROUND (DATE Join_date,'YYYY') from emp2 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL> select ROUND (DATE Join_date,'YYYY') from emp2;
select ROUND (DATE Join_date,'YYYY') from emp2 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL> select ROUND (Join_date,'YYYY') from emp2;
ROUND(JOI
---------
01-JAN-25
01-JAN-25
01-JAN-25
SQL> select Emp_names, Join_date rom emp2;
select Emp_names, Join_date rom emp2 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> select Emp_names, Join_date from emp2;
EMP_NAMES JOIN_DATE
---------- ---------
Ravi 01-FEB-25
Nidhi 04-FEB-25
Keerthi 01-FEB-25
SQL> select Emp_names, TO_CHAR(Join_date,'DD-MM-YYYY') from emp2;
EMP_NAMES TO_CHAR(JO
---------- ----------
Ravi 01-02-2025
Nidhi 04-02-2025
Keerthi 01-02-2025
