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In [ ]: #1. String (str) Methods

.capitalize() # First letter capital
.casefold() # Lowercase all
.center(width) # Center string
.count(sub) # Count substring
.encode() # Encode string
.endswith(suffix) # Check suffix
.find(sub) # Find substring index
.format() # Format string
.index(sub) # Like find, but raises error
.isalnum() # Alphanumeric
.isalpha() # Only letters
.isdigit() # Only digits
.islower() # All lowercase
.isupper() # All uppercase
.isspace() # Only spaces
.istitle() # Title format
.join(iterable) # Join with separator
.lower() # Lowercase
.upper() # Uppercase
.lstrip() # Left strip
.rstrip() # Right strip
.strip() # Both side strip
.replace(old, new) # Replace substring
.rfind() # Reverse find
.split() # Split by delimiter
.rsplit() # Split from right
.startswith(prefix)# Check prefix
.swapcase() # Toggle case
.title() # Title case
.zfill(width) # Fill with zeros

#2. Number (int, float, complex) Functions

abs(x) # Absolute value
bin(x) # Binary
oct(x) # Octal
hex(x) # Hexadecimal
pow(x, y) # x ** y
round(x[, n]) # Round to n digits
int(x) # Convert to integer
float(x) # Convert to float
complex(x, y) # Create complex
divmod(a, b) # Return (a//b, a%b)

#3. List (list) Methods

.append(x) # Add to end
.extend(iterable) # Add multiple
.insert(i, x) # Insert at index
.remove(x) # Remove by value
.pop([i]) # Remove by index
.clear() # Remove all
.index(x) # Index of value
.count(x) # Count occurrences
.reverse() # Reverse list
.sort() # Sort list
.copy() # Shallow copy

#4. Tuple (tuple) Methods

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.count(x) # Count occurrences

.index(x) # Index of item

#5. Dictionary (dict) Methods

.clear() # Remove all items
.copy() # Shallow copy
.fromkeys(seq) # Create dict with keys
.get(key) # Get value
.items() # Return key-value pairs
.keys() # Return keys
.values() # Return values
.pop(key) # Remove key
.popitem() # Remove last item
.setdefault(k, v) # Default value if not present
.update(dict2) # Merge dictionaries

#6. Set (set) Methods

.add(x) # Add element
.update(iterable) # Add multiple
.remove(x) # Remove (error if not found)
.discard(x) # Remove (no error)
.pop() # Remove random element
.clear() # Empty set
.copy() # Shallow copy
.union(set2) # Combine sets
.intersection(set2)# Common items
.difference(set2) # Unique to set1
.symmetric_difference(set2) # Items not in both
.issubset(set2) # Subset check
.issuperset(set2) # Superset check
.isdisjoint(set2) # No common elements

#7. Common Python Built-in Functions (All Types)

type(x) # Get the type of variable x
id(x) # Get the memory address of x
len(x) # Return number of items in an object
sorted(iterable) # Return a sorted list from iterable
enumerate(iterable) # Return index and value as pairs
range(start, stop) # Generate a sequence of numbers
zip(a, b) # Combine two iterables into tuples
map(func, iterable) # Apply function to each item
filter(func, iterable) # Filter items using function
sum(iterable) # Return sum of items
max(iterable) # Return largest item
min(iterable) # Return smallest item
any(iterable) # Return True if any element is True
all(iterable) # Return True if all elements are True
reversed(iterable) # Reverse the iterable
list() # Convert to list
tuple() # Convert to tuple
dict() # Convert to dictionary
set() # Convert to set
str() # Convert to string
int() # Convert to integer
float() # Convert to float
bool() # Convert to boolean
input() # Get input from user
print() # Print output
eval() # Evaluate Python expression from string
exec() # Execute Python code from string

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chr(x) # Convert integer to Unicode character

ord(c) # Convert character to Unicode integer
help(obj) # Show help documentation
dir(obj) # List attributes and methods
isinstance(obj, type) # Check if object is instance of type
issubclass(sub, super) # Check if class is subclass of another

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