COMPUTER STUDIES FORM

ONE NOTES
1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
Definition of a Computer

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data (input), processes Fifth Generation (2010-Present): Based on artificial intelligence,
it according to specific instructions, stores the data and produces parallel processing, and quantum computation. Examples include
results (output). Computers are designed to execute applications and advanced smartphones, tablets, and specialized AI systems.
provide a variety of solutions through integrated hardware and
software components.
Types of Computers
Evolution of Computers Based on Size and Processing Power:
The development of computers has occurred in distinct generations: • Supercomputers: Extremely powerful computers designed for
specialized applications requiring immense processing power,
First Generation (1940-1956): Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and like weather forecasting and nuclear research. Examples
magnetic drums for memory. Examples include ENIAC and UNIVAC include IBM Summit and Fugaku.
I. They were enormous, consumed lots of electricity, and generated • Mainframe Computers: Large, powerful systems used by
excessive heat. organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing
and enterprise resource planning. Examples include IBM z15.
Second Generation (1956-1963): Used transistors instead of vacuum • Minicomputers: Mid-sized computers that fall between
tubes, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. mainframes and microcomputers. Examples include PDP-11
Examples include IBM 1401 and IBM 7094. and VAX systems.
• Microcomputers: Personal computers designed for individual
Third Generation (1964-1971): Used integrated circuits (ICs), which use. Includes desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
further reduced size while increasing speed and reliability. Examples
include IBM 360 series and PDP-8. Based on Purpose:
Fourth Generation (1972-2010): Used microprocessors with VLSI • General-Purpose Computers: Designed to perform a variety
(Very Large Scale Integration) technology. Personal computers of tasks, like personal computers.
emerged during this period. Examples include Apple II, IBM PC, and
various laptops.
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 • Special-Purpose Computers: Designed for specific functions, The users who operate computers.
like ATMs, weather forecasting systems, and medical
equipment. Firmware

Based on Data Handling: Software permanently stored in hardware devices.

• Digital Computers: Process data in binary form (0s and 1s). Computer Applications in Society
• Analog Computers: Process continuous data like temperature
and pressure. Education
• Hybrid Computers: Combine features of both digital and
analog computers. • E-learning platforms
• Digital libraries
Components of a Computer System • Educational software
• Virtual classrooms
A computer system consists of:
Business and Commerce
Hardware
• Online shopping
Physical components including: • Digital marketing
• Inventory management
• Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone • Electronic payments
• Processing Unit: CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Storage Devices: Hard disk, solid-state drive, flash drive Healthcare
• Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers
• Communication Devices: Network interface cards, modems • Patient record management
• Diagnostic tools
Software • Telemedicine
• Surgical assistance
Programs that tell the computer what to do:
Entertainment
• System Software: Operating systems, device drivers, utilities
• Application Software: Word processors, spreadsheets, games, • Digital music and video
browsers • Gaming
• Social media
Humanware/Liveware • Streaming services

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Communication • Accountability: Taking responsibility for computer-related
actions
• Email
• Video conferencing Computer Safety
• Instant messaging
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) • Physical Safety: Proper ergonomics, electrical safety
• Data Security: Backups, encryption, secure passwords
Banking and Finance • Network Security: Firewalls, anti-virus software
• Social Engineering Awareness: Identifying phishing and
• Online banking scams
• Automated teller machines
• Investment analysis Environmental Concerns
• Electronic funds transfer
• E-waste Management: Proper disposal of electronic
Transportation equipment
• Energy Conservation: Using energy-efficient computing
• Navigation systems • Sustainable Computing Practices: Reducing carbon footprint
• Traffic management
• Automated vehicles
• Booking systems

Agriculture

• Precision farming
• Weather monitoring
• Automated irrigation
• Crop analysis

Computer Ethics and Safety

Computer Ethics

• Intellectual Property Rights: Respecting copyright, patents,

and trademarks
• Privacy: Protecting personal information
• Access Rights: Authorized use of computer resources

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 Scanner:

• Converts physical documents into digital images

• Types include flatbed, sheet-fed, handheld, and drum scanners
• Uses optical character recognition (OCR) to convert images to
text

Digital Camera:

• Captures still images and videos

• Uses CCD or CMOS sensors to capture light
• Stores images in formats like JPEG, PNG, and RAW

Microphone:

• Captures audio input

• Types include condenser, dynamic, USB, and wireless
2. COMPUTER SYSTEMS • Used for voice recognition, recording, and communication
Computer Hardware Touch Screen:
Input Devices • Allows direct interaction by touching the display
• Technologies include resistive, capacitive, and infrared
Devices that allow users to enter data into the computer: • Used in smartphones, tablets, and kiosks
Keyboard: Biometric Devices:
• Primary text input device • Fingerprint scanners
• Types include QWERTY, AZERTY, ergonomic, and virtual • Retina and iris scanners
keyboards • Voice recognition systems
• Features function keys, navigation keys, and numeric keypads • Facial recognition systems
Mouse: System Unit
• Pointing device that controls cursor movement The main case containing the computer's critical components:
• Types include optical, mechanical, wireless, and trackball
• Operations: clicking, double-clicking, right-clicking, dragging Motherboard:
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 • Main circuit board connecting all components Power Supply Unit (PSU):
• Contains sockets for CPU, RAM, expansion cards
• Features chipsets that control data flow • Converts AC power to DC power
• Provides appropriate voltage to components
Central Processing Unit (CPU): • Measured in watts (W)

• The "brain" of the computer Cooling Systems:

• Components include:
o Control Unit: Directs and coordinates operations • Heat sinks
o Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations • Fans
and logical operations • Liquid cooling systems
o Registers: Small, high-speed storage areas
o Cache: High-speed memory for frequently used data Storage Devices
• Measured by:
o Clock speed (GHz) Devices that retain data even when power is turned off:
o Number of cores
o Cache size Primary Storage:
o Instruction set architecture
• RAM (temporary, volatile)
Memory: • ROM (permanent, non-volatile)

• RAM (Random Access Memory): Secondary Storage:

o Temporary, volatile storage
o Types include DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5 • Hard Disk Drive (HDD):
o Measured in gigabytes (GB) o Uses magnetic platters to store data
• ROM (Read-Only Memory): o Higher capacity but slower than SSDs
o Permanent, non-volatile storage o Measured in terabytes (TB)
o Contains essential startup instructions (BIOS/UEFI) • Solid State Drive (SSD):
o Types include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM o Uses flash memory with no moving parts
o Faster but more expensive than HDDs
Expansion Cards: o Greater durability and lower power consumption
• Optical Storage:
• Graphics/Video Card: Processes and outputs video signals o CD-ROM (700 MB)
• Sound Card: Processes audio input/output o DVD-ROM (4.7 GB to 17 GB)
• Network Interface Card: Enables network connectivity o Blu-ray (25 GB to 128 GB)
• Capture Card: Records video from external sources • Flash Storage:
o USB flash drives
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 o Memory cards (SD, microSD) o Resolution (dots per inch)
o Flash memory sticks o Color capability

Cloud Storage: Speakers:

• Remote storage accessed via the internet • Produce audio output

• Examples include Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive • Types include built-in, external, surround sound
• Benefits include accessibility, backup, and sharing capabilities • Features include frequency response, power output,
connectivity
Output Devices
Projector:
Devices that present processed data to the user:
• Displays enlarged images on a screen or wall
Monitor: • Types include DLP, LCD, and LED
• Measured by brightness (lumens) and resolution
• Displays visual output
• Types include: Plotter:
o LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
o LED (Light Emitting Diode) • Creates vector graphics on paper
o OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) • Used for architectural drawings, maps, and technical designs
• Measured by: • Types include pen plotters and inkjet plotters
o Screen size (diagonal inches)
o Resolution (pixels) Communication Devices
o Refresh rate (Hz)
o Response time (ms) Enable computers to connect with networks and other devices:

Printer: Network Interface Card (NIC):

• Creates physical copies of digital documents • Allows connection to a network

• Types include: • Available as wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi)
o Inkjet: Sprays tiny ink droplets, good for photos
o Laser: Uses toner powder and heat, fast and economical Modem:
o Thermal: Uses heat on special paper, common in
receipts • Modulates and demodulates signals for data transmission
o 3D: Creates three-dimensional objects • Connects computers to the internet via telephone lines, cable,
• Measured by: or fiber
o Print speed (pages per minute)
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Router: Utility Programs:

• Directs data packets between networks • Perform specific maintenance or optimization tasks
• Enables multiple devices to share an internet connection • Examples:
• Often includes firewall features for security o Antivirus software
o Disk cleanup tools
Switch: o Backup utilities
o File compression tools
• Connects multiple devices within a local network
• More intelligent than hubs, directing data only to intended Programming Language Translators:
recipients
• Compilers: Translate entire source code into machine code
Bluetooth Adapters: • Interpreters: Translate and execute source code line by line
• Assemblers: Convert assembly language to machine code
• Enable wireless communication with Bluetooth devices
• Range typically up to 10 meters Application Software

Computer Software Programs designed to perform specific tasks for users:

System Software Productivity Software:

Software that manages computer hardware and provides a platform for • Word Processors: Microsoft Word, Google Docs
applications: • Spreadsheets: Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets
• Presentation Software: Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides
Operating System: • Database Management: Microsoft Access, MySQL

• Core software managing hardware resources Graphics and Multimedia:

• Provides user interface
• Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS • Image Editors: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP
• Video Editors: Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro
Device Drivers: • Audio Editors: Audacity, Adobe Audition
• Animation Software: Adobe Animate, Blender
• Enable communication between hardware and operating
system Internet Software:
• Specific to particular hardware components
• Examples: printer drivers, graphics card drivers • Web Browsers: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari
• Email Clients: Microsoft Outlook, Gmail
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 • File Transfer Programs: FileZilla, WinSCP Shareware:
• Communication Tools: Skype, Zoom, Microsoft Teams
• Free to try but requires payment for continued use
Educational Software: • Often has limited features until purchased
• Examples: WinRAR, many antivirus programs
• Interactive learning programs
• Simulation software Public Domain Software:
• Assessment tools
• Language learning applications • No copyright restrictions
• Freely usable, modifiable, and distributable
Entertainment Software: • Examples: Some government-created software

• Games Data Communication and Computer Networks

• Media players
• Streaming applications Data Communication

Software Licensing The process of transmitting data between devices:

Legal agreements governing software use: Components:

Proprietary Software: • Sender: Source of the data

• Medium: Path through which data travels
• Owned by a company or individual • Receiver: Destination of the data
• Source code not available to users • Protocol: Rules governing communication
• Examples: Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite
Transmission Modes:
Open Source Software:
• Simplex: One-way communication (e.g., television broadcast)
• Source code freely available • Half-Duplex: Two-way communication, but only one direction
• Can be modified and redistributed at a time (e.g., walkie-talkie)
• Examples: Linux, Apache, Mozilla Firefox • Full-Duplex: Simultaneous two-way communication (e.g.,
telephone)
Freeware:
Transmission Media:
• Free to use but copyright protected
• Source code typically not available • Wired: Copper cables, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables
• Examples: Adobe Reader, Skype
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 • Wireless: Radio waves, infrared, microwave, satellite • TCP/IP: Foundation of internet communications
• HTTP/HTTPS: Web browsing protocol
Computer Networks • FTP: File transfer protocol
• SMTP/POP3/IMAP: Email protocols
Interconnected computers sharing resources: • SSH: Secure remote access

Types Based on Scale: Internet Services:

• PAN (Personal Area Network): Within personal space (1-10 • World Wide Web (WWW)
meters) • Email
• LAN (Local Area Network): Limited geographical area • File Transfer
(building/campus) • Social Media
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): City-wide network • Video Conferencing
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large geographical areas • Cloud Computing
(countries/continents)
• GAN (Global Area Network): Worldwide network (Internet) Network Security

Network Topologies: Protecting network resources from unauthorized access:

• Bus: All devices connect to a single cable Threats:

• Star: All devices connect to a central hub/switch
• Ring: Devices connected in a circular pattern • Viruses and malware
• Mesh: Devices interconnected with redundant connections • Unauthorized access
• Tree: Hierarchical arrangement of nodes • Data theft
• Hybrid: Combination of two or more topologies • Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
• Man-in-the-middle attacks
Network Devices:
Security Measures:
• Hub: Simple connection point for devices
• Switch: Intelligent device that directs data to specific • Firewalls: Filter network traffic
destinations • Encryption: Scrambles data for secure transmission
• Router: Connects different networks and directs data packets • Authentication: Verifies user identity
• Bridge: Connects similar network segments • Access Control: Limits resource access
• Gateway: Connects dissimilar networks • Intrusion Detection Systems: Monitors for suspicious activity
• Repeater: Amplifies signals to extend network range • Regular Updates: Patches security vulnerabilities
• Backup Systems: Preserves data in case of breaches
Network Protocols:
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 An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer
hardware and software resources and provides common services for
computer programs.

Core Functions:

• Process Management: Controls and allocates CPU time to

various processes
• Memory Management: Allocates and deallocates memory
space
• File System Management: Organizes and maintains files and
directories
• Device Management: Controls input/output operations to
hardware devices
• User Interface: Provides a means for users to interact with the
computer
• Security and Access Control: Protects system resources and
user data

Evolution of Operating Systems

The development of operating systems from simple to complex:

Batch Processing Systems (1950s-1960s):

• Jobs executed in sequence without user interaction

• Efficient use of expensive computing resources
• No direct user interaction during processing

Time-Sharing Systems (1960s-1970s):

3. OPERATING SYSTEMS • Multiple users could access the computer simultaneously
• CPU time divided among different tasks
Introduction to Operating Systems • Enabled interactive computing
Definition and Functions Personal Computer OS (1980s-Present):

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 • Designed for single-user computers • Apple's proprietary operating system
• User-friendly interfaces • Known for sleek design and integration with Apple hardware
• Examples: MS-DOS, early Windows versions • Unix-based with proprietary interface elements

Graphical User Interface OS (Late 1980s-Present): Linux Distributions:

• Visual elements like icons, menus, and windows • Open-source operating systems
• Point-and-click interaction • Various distributions (Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian)
• Examples: Windows, macOS, modern Linux distributions • Highly customizable and secure
• Free to use and modify
Mobile Operating Systems (2000s-Present):
Mobile Operating Systems
• Designed for portable devices
• Touch-oriented interfaces Designed for smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices:
• Power efficiency
• Examples: Android, iOS Android:

Distributed Operating Systems: • Developed by Google

• Open-source core with proprietary Google services
• Manage resources across multiple computers • Highly customizable
• Appear to users as a single coherent system • Dominant market share globally
• Example: clustered computing systems
iOS:
Types of Operating Systems
• Developed by Apple for iPhones and iPads
Desktop Operating Systems • Tightly integrated with hardware
• Known for security and smooth performance
Designed for personal computers and workstations: • Closed ecosystem with App Store

Microsoft Windows: Other Mobile OS:

• Dominant market share in desktops • HarmonyOS (Huawei)

• Versions include Windows 10, Windows 11 • KaiOS (feature phones)
• Features user-friendly GUI, extensive software compatibility
Server Operating Systems
macOS (formerly OS X):
Designed to run on servers, managing resources and services:
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Windows Server: • FreeRTOS
• VxWorks
• Microsoft's server offering • QNX
• Strong integration with Windows desktop environment • RTLinux
• Active Directory for network management
Operating System Components
Linux Server Distributions:
Kernel
• Ubuntu Server, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS
• Powerful command-line tools The core of the operating system that interacts directly with hardware:
• Highly stable and secure
• Used in most web servers worldwide Types of Kernels:

Unix Variants: • Monolithic Kernel: All OS services operate in kernel space

(Linux, Unix)
• FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris • Microkernel: Minimal functionality in kernel space, most
• Known for stability and security services in user space (QNX)
• Used in mission-critical applications • Hybrid Kernel: Combines aspects of monolithic and
microkernel (Windows NT)
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)
Kernel Functions:
Designed for applications requiring precise timing:
• Process scheduling
Characteristics: • Memory management
• System calls handling
• Guaranteed response times • Device driver management
• Deterministic behavior • Interrupt handling
• Minimal latency
Shell
Applications:
The interface between users and the kernel:
• Industrial control systems
• Medical devices Command-Line Interface (CLI):
• Automotive systems
• Aerospace applications • Text-based interaction
• Examples: Windows Command Prompt, Bash, PowerShell
Examples:
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 • Powerful for automation and scripting Process: An instance of a program in execution Thread: Lightweight
process, shares resources with parent process
Graphical User Interface (GUI):
Process States:
• Visual interaction using windows, icons, menus
• Examples: Windows Explorer, macOS Finder, GNOME, KDE • New: Process being created
• User-friendly for most tasks • Running: Currently executing
• Waiting: Waiting for an event or resource
File Systems • Ready: Ready to execute when CPU available
• Terminated: Execution completed
Organization methods for storing and retrieving data:
Scheduling Algorithms:
Windows File Systems:
• First-Come, First-Served: Processes execute in arrival order
• NTFS: Modern Windows file system with security features, • Shortest Job First: Process with least execution time runs first
journaling • Priority Scheduling: Higher priority processes execute first
• FAT32: Older system with broad compatibility but 4GB file • Round Robin: Each process gets a small time slice in rotation
size limit
• exFAT: Extended FAT system for flash drives and cross- Memory Management
platform use
Allocation and control of computer memory:
macOS/Unix File Systems:
Memory Hierarchy:
• APFS: Apple's modern file system optimized for SSDs
• HFS+: Older Mac file system • Registers (fastest, smallest)
• ext4: Common Linux file system with journaling • Cache (L1, L2, L3)
• Main Memory (RAM)
Common File System Features: • Secondary Storage (slowest, largest)

• Journaling: Tracks changes to prevent corruption Memory Management Techniques:

• Permissions: Controls access to files and directories
• Encryption: Protects data from unauthorized access • Paging: Divides memory into fixed-size blocks
• Compression: Reduces storage space requirements • Segmentation: Divides memory based on logical divisions
• Virtual Memory: Uses disk space to extend RAM
Process Management • Swapping: Temporarily moves processes between RAM and
disk
Handling of programs running on the computer:
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Memory Protection: Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• Prevents processes from accessing each other's memory Visual interface using windows, icons, menus, and pointers:
• Implements user mode and kernel mode separation
• Uses memory mapping units (MMUs) Components:

User Interfaces • Desktop: Main workspace

• Windows: Containers for applications and files
Command-Line Interface (CLI) • Icons: Visual representations of files, folders, applications
• Menus: Lists of commands and options
Text-based interaction where users type commands: • Pointers: Visual indicators controlled by input devices

Advantages: Common GUI Elements:

• Precise control over system operations • Taskbar/Dock: Quick access to running applications
• Efficient for repetitive tasks through scripting • Start Menu/Launcher: Program access point
• Lower resource consumption • System Tray/Notification Area: Status indicators and
• Remote access capability background processes
• File Explorer/Finder: Visual file management
Common CLI Environments:
Interaction Methods:
• Windows Command Prompt: Traditional Windows
command interface • Click, double-click, right-click
• PowerShell: Modern Windows command and scripting • Drag and drop
environment • Scroll and zoom
• Bash: Standard Unix/Linux shell • Touch and gestures (on compatible devices)
• Terminal: macOS command interface
Features of Modern Operating System Interfaces
Basic Command Categories:
Multitasking:
• File operations (copy, move, delete)
• Directory management (create, navigate, list) • Running multiple applications simultaneously
• System information (hardware, processes) • Switching between programs
• Network commands (ping, traceroute) • Split-screen and window management
• User management (add, modify, remove)
Accessibility Features:

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 • Screen readers Permission Types:
• Magnifiers
• On-screen keyboards • Read: View files and directories
• High-contrast modes • Write: Modify content
• Voice recognition • Execute: Run programs or scripts
• Full Control: All permissions combined
Personalization:
User Management Tasks:
• Themes and colors
• Desktop backgrounds • Creating and deleting accounts
• Font sizes and types • Password management
• Sounds and notifications • Group assignments
• Permission modification
Search Functionality:
System Maintenance
• File and content search
• Application search Disk Management:
• Web integration
• Partitioning: Dividing physical disks into logical sections
Virtual Desktops: • Formatting: Preparing storage media for use
• Defragmentation: Optimizing file arrangement (primarily for
• Multiple workspaces HDDs)
• Organization by task or project • Error Checking: Identifying and repairing disk errors
• Enhanced productivity
Update Management:
Operating System Management
• Security patches
User Accounts and Permissions • Feature updates
• Driver updates
Types of Accounts: • Application updates

• Administrator/Root: Complete system control Backup and Recovery:

• Standard User: Limited privileges for everyday tasks
• Guest: Temporary access with minimal privileges • Full Backup: Complete system or data backup
• Service Accounts: For specific system services • Incremental Backup: Changes since last backup
• Differential Backup: Changes since last full backup
• System Restore: Return to previous system state
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 • Recovery Partitions: Hidden sections for system recovery • Software installation restrictions
• Network access controls
Performance Monitoring:
Installing and Configuring Operating Systems
• CPU usage tracking
• Memory utilization Pre-installation Considerations
• Disk activity
• Network performance Hardware Requirements:
• Running processes
• CPU architecture and speed
System Security • RAM amount
• Storage space
Authentication Methods: • Graphics capabilities
• Network interfaces
• Passwords
• Biometrics (fingerprint, facial recognition) Compatibility Checking:
• Two-factor authentication
• Smart cards • Driver availability
• Software compatibility
Malware Protection: • Peripheral support

• Antivirus software Installation Planning:

• Anti-malware tools
• Firewalls • Clean install vs. upgrade
• Intrusion detection systems • Dual-boot configuration
• Virtualization options
Encryption: • Data backup strategy

• File and folder encryption Installation Process

• Disk encryption
• Communication encryption Boot Media Creation:
• VPN (Virtual Private Network)
• DVD installation discs
Security Policies: • USB boot drives
• Network installation
• Password complexity requirements • Recovery media
• Account lockout settings
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Installation Steps: Update Problems:

1. Boot from installation media • Failed updates

2. Language and region selection • Compatibility issues after updates
3. License agreement • Update-related system instability
4. Disk partitioning
5. Installation type selection (custom/standard) Recovery Options:
6. File copying and initial setup
7. User account creation • Safe Mode
8. Network configuration • System Restore
9. Update installation • Recovery Console/Terminal
10. Final setup and reboot • Repair Installation
• Reset/Refresh options
Post-Installation Tasks:
Operating System Security and Privacy
• Driver installation
• System updates Security Threats
• Software installation
• User account setup Malware Types:
• Data restoration
• Security configuration • Viruses: Self-replicating programs that attach to other files
• Worms: Self-replicating programs that spread independently
Troubleshooting Common OS Issues • Trojans: Malicious programs disguised as legitimate software
• Ransomware: Encrypts data and demands payment for
Boot Problems: decryption
• Spyware: Secretly monitors user activity
• Boot failure • Rootkits: Hidden tools that provide unauthorized access
• Slow startup
• Boot loop Attack Vectors:
• Missing operating system errors
• Email attachments
Performance Issues: • Malicious websites
• Compromised software
• Sluggish response • Network vulnerabilities
• High resource usage • Social engineering
• Application freezing • Physical access
• Memory leaks
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Security Measures Data Protection:

Built-in OS Security Features: • File encryption

• Secure deletion tools
• Windows Defender/Security Center: Integrated protection • Privacy-focused browsers and extensions
for Windows • VPN services
• macOS Gatekeeper: Controls application installation • Metadata removal tools
• Linux SELinux/AppArmor: Advanced access controls
• User Account Control (UAC): Privilege elevation
management

Best Practices:

• Regular system updates

• Strong, unique passwords
• Limited use of administrator accounts
• Application whitelisting
• Regular malware scans
• Network monitoring
• Security awareness

Privacy Considerations

OS Data Collection:

• Telemetry data
• Usage statistics
• Crash reports
• Voice assistant recordings

Privacy Settings:

• Location services control

• App permissions
• Advertising ID management
• Browser privacy settings
• Data sharing options
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