https://www.halvorsen.

blog

Raspberry Pi

Hans-Petter Halvorsen
 Contents
• What is Raspberry Pi?
• Getting Started with Raspberry Pi
– What Do You Need?
– Raspberry Pi Operating System
– The Linux Terminal
– Tools and Remote Access
• Raspberry Pi and Python Programming
– GPIO, GPIO with Python and GPIO Features
• Raspberry Pi with MATLAB
• Raspberry Pi using ThingSpeak and Python
https://www.halvorsen.blog

What is
Raspberry Pi?
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
 Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi is a tiny (about 9x6cm), low-cost ($35+),
single-board computer that supports embedded Linux
operating systems

The recommended Operating

System is called Raspberry Pi OS
(Linux based)

https://www.raspberrypi.org
 Raspberry Pi
• The Raspberry Pi is a small computer that can do lots of things
• It has a small footprint (about 9x6cm) and it is cheap ($35+)
• You plug it into a monitor and attach a keyboard and mouse
• It has so-called GPIO pins (General Purpose Input/Output) for
connection sensors and other electronic components like LEDs, etc.
• Raspberry Pi is as well suited for prototyping, datalogging and
different electronics projects, a media center, etc.
• It can be used to learn programming, IT and other technical skills, etc.
• RP has limited power (CPU, RAM, etc.) so it cannot normally replace a
desktop computer or laptop for ordinary use
• The “Hardrive” is a Micro SD card https://www.raspberrypi.org
 Raspberry Pi
GPIO Pins

microSD Card Ethernet

(the Back )

Camera
Connector USB A x 4

Power Supply (USB C) microHDMI x 2 https://www.raspberrypi.org

 Raspberry Pi vs. Arduino
• Raspberry Pi (RP) is a Microcomputer • Arduino is a Microcontroller
• It has an ordinary Operating System (OS) • Arduino has a Bootloader and not an
• You can connect USB devices, Keyboard, ordinary operating system
Mouse, Monitors, etc. • Arduino is NOT a computer, only a small
• It has a “hard-drive“ in form of a microSD card controller, whose purpose is to control
• RP has Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Ethernet things
connection • No Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (some models have),
• RP has basically all the features an ordinary and Ethernet (but can be provided as so-
computer has but in a much smaller package called Shields)
• 2, 4 or 8 Gb RAM • Very little RAM (a few Kb)
• RP runs Linux applications • Inexpensive
Both have Digital Pins
Both have SPI and I2C
Arduino (UNO) has also
Analog Input Pins
https://www.halvorsen.blog

Getting Started
with Raspberry Pi
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
https://www.halvorsen.blog

What Do You Need?

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 What Do You Need?
• Raspberry Pi
• Micro SD Card (+ Adapter)
• Power Supply
• microHDMI to HDMI Cable
• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
 What Do You Need?
USB C Power Supply Monitor (with HDMI) microHDMI to HDMI Cable
15W (5V, 3A)

Micro SD Card (+ Adapter)

Raspberry Pi
Mouse
Keyboard
(8GB or more)

https://www.raspberrypi.org
https://www.halvorsen.blog

Raspberry Pi OS

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 Raspberry Pi OS
• In order make your Raspberry Pi up and running you need
to install an Operating System (OS)
• The OS for Raspberry Pi is called Raspberry Pi OS
(previously known as Raspbian)
• Raspberry Pi runs a version of an operating system called
Linux (Windows and macOS are other operating systems).
• To install the necessary OS, you need a microSD card
• Then you use the Raspberry Pi Imager in order to download
the OS to the microSD card
https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/
Raspberry Pi Imager
 Start using Raspberry Pi

• Put the microSD card into the Raspberry Pi

• Connect Monitor, Mouse and Keyboard
• Connect Power Supply
• Follow the Instructions on Screen to setup Wi-Fi
Raspberry Pi OS • etc.
 Connect to Wi-Fi Network
Don’t use the Eduroam WiFi
network in your University

• The first thing you typically

need to do is to connect your
Raspberry Pi to a Wi-Fi
network.
• Your home network normally
works fine. If you are in a
company or a university, you
may get some trouble.
• In these situations, you can
configure a Mobile hotspot
using your Windows 10/11
PC
 Shut-down Raspberry Pi

Select the Raspberry Pi icon in upper left corner and select “Logout”
https://www.halvorsen.blog

The Linux Terminal

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

The Terminal
 The Terminal
• The Raspberry Pi OS is a Linux based OS and
comes with a GUI with limited features, so very
often you need to type “low-level” commands
using the Terminal
• The Linux terminal is a powerful tool for “low-
level” operations on the OS

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/terminal/
 Update Raspberry Pi OS
• Run the following commands in the Terminal
window:
• First run the following:
sudo apt update
• Then:
sudo apt full-upgrade

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/raspbian/updating.md
 sudo
• sudo is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems
(like Linux) that allows users to run programs with the
security privileges of another user, by default the superuser
• It originally stood for "superuser do”
• Some commands that make permanent changes to the state
of your system require you to have root privileges to run.
• The command sudo temporarily gives your account (if
you're not already logged in as root) the ability to run these
commands
• You typically use it in your Terminal window for
installing/upgrading software, etc.
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/linux/
 How to Power off your RP
• Unlike your other electronic devices, Raspberry Pi doesn’t
come with an “off” switch. Or use the Graphical Interface:
• You should not just “pull out the plug“
• Enter the following in the Terminal:
sudo poweroff
• This will give you a clean shutdown. After that, you can unplug
the computer.
• How to turn on Raspberry Pi after shutdown? It’s simple. Just
plug it in.
https://www.proqsolutions.com/shutting-down-your-raspberry-pi/
https://www.halvorsen.blog

Tools

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 Scrot
• Scrot is a built-in tool for Screen
Capture
• Scrot is a Command-line tool with no
GUI
• Hit “Print Screen” key and the image
will be saved in the “/home/pi” folder
 Gnome Screenshot
• Gnome Screenshot is better than “Scrot” since it
has a desktop GUI
• You need to install it (the Terminal):
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install gnome-screenshot
• It will then appear in Menu > Accessories >
Screenshot
https://magpi.raspberrypi.org/articles/take-screenshots-raspberry-pi
https://www.halvorsen.blog

Remote Access

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 Remote Access
Typically, you want to have Remote Access to
you Raspberry Pi from your ordinary Desktop
Computer. Different options:
• SSH – Command Line Access
Or use some kind of Remote Desktop software:
• XRDP/RDC
• TeamViewer
• VNC
Remote Access
Make sure to Enable the
Feature you want to use
 Alt1: Remote Desktop
1. Install XRDP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xrdp

– XRDP is a free and open-source implementation of Microsoft RDP

(Remote Desktop Protocol) server. Install it by enter the following:
– sudo apt-get install xrdp
2. Open Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) on
your Windows Computer. RDS is also
available for macOS
– Enter Computer Name or IP Address
– Default UserName is “pi” and default Password is “raspberry” (unless
you have changed it)
 Alt1: Remote Desktop
Open Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) on
your Windows Computer:
Enter the IP address

If you use a Mobile hotspot in

Windows 10, you can see if your
Raspberry Pi is up and running.
You can also see the IP address
Alt1: Remote Desktop
You are ready to start
using Raspberry Pi
remotely from your PC
 Alt1: Remote Desktop !
Do you get a blue screen after login using RDC/RDP on your Window Computer?

You may need to create another user on your Raspberry

Pi. The Pi root user cannot RDP for whatever reason?
• In the Terminal: sudo adduser <username>
• Choose password
• Confirm password
• Hit enter for defaults
• Try RDC/RDP again with that login
 Alt2: TeamViewer

There exists a separate version of TeamViewer for Raspberry Pi

https://pimylifeup.com/raspberry-pi-teamviewer/
 Alt2: TeamViewer
Start TeamViewer on your Raspberry Pi:
Here you see TeamViewer on your Raspberry Pi:

Open TeamViewer by enter

“teamviewer” in the Terminal
 Alt2: TeamViewer
Install TeamViewer on your PC as well. Then use TeamViewer to connect to your Raspberry Pi:
https://www.halvorsen.blog

Raspberry Pi and
Python Programming
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
 Python with Raspberry Pi
• Python is a fairly old Programming Language (1991)
compared to many other Programming Languages
like C# (2000), Swift (2014), Java (1995), PHP (1995).
• Python has during the last 10 years become more and
more popular.
• Today, Python has become one of the most popular
Programming Languages.
• The Raspberry Pi OS comes with a basic Python Editor
called “Thonny“
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/python/
 Python with Raspberry Pi
• The Raspberry Pi OS comes with a
basic Python Editor called Thonny

But you can install and use other

Python Editors if you prefer

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/python/
Hello World
 Python Packages with Thonny
Tools -> Manage packages…
https://www.halvorsen.blog

GPIO

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 GPIO

Raspberry Pi is as well suited for prototyping, datalogging and different electronics projects
using the GPIO Pins
 GPIO Features
The GPIO pins are Digital Pins which are either True
(+3.3V) or False (0V). These can be used to turn
on/off LEDs, etc.
In addition, some of the pins also offer some other
Features:
• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Digital Buses (for reading data from Sensors, etc.):
• SPI
• I2C
https://www.halvorsen.blog

GPIO with Python

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 GPIO with Python
• You can make all kinds of Python program on your Raspberry Pi
• But you could have used your ordinary desktop/laptop PC for
that
• The UNIQUE thing with Raspberry Pi compared to an ordinary
PC is the GPIO connector
• With GPIO you can connect LEDs, Sensors, control Motors, etc.
• You typically use Python in order communicate with GPIO
connector
• That what's makes the combination Raspberry Pi + Python
UNIQUE!
 GPIO Zero
• The GPIO Zero Python Library can be used to communicate with
GPIO Pins
• The GPIO Zero Python Library comes preinstalled with the
Raspberry Pi OS
Resources:
• https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/pytho
n/
• https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspber
rypi/gpio/
• https://pypi.org/project/gpiozero/
• https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
Raspberry Pi GPIO Pins
LED Example

LED

R=270Ω

GND (Pin 32)

GPIO16 (Pin 36)

Breadboard
 LED Example
This Example “Runs for ever” from gpiozero import LED
from time import sleep

pin = 16
led = LED(pin)

while True:
led.on()
sleep(1)
led.off()
sleep(1)

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/python/
LED Example using Thonny
https://www.halvorsen.blog

GPIO Features

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 GPIO Features
In addition to ordinary Digital Pins the
Raspberry Pi GPIO connector has other
Features as well:
• PWM – Pulse Width Modulation
• SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface Interfaces for
Communication

connection
• I2C – Inter-Integrated Circuit different types
of Sensors, etc.
 PWM
• We've seen how to turn an LED on and off, but how do
we control its brightness levels?
• An LED's brightness is determined by controlling the
amount of current flowing through it, but that requires a
lot more hardware components.
• A simple trick we can do is to flash the LED faster than
the eye can see!
• By controlling the amount of time the LED is on versus
off, we can change its perceived brightness.
• This is known as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
 PWM
Below we see how we can use PWM to control the brightness of a LED

https://www.electronicwings.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-pwm-generation-using-python-and-c
 SPI
• SPI is an interface to communicate with
different types of electronic components
like Sensors, Analog to Digital Converts
(ADC), etc. that supports the SPI
interface
• Thousands of different Components and
Sensors supports the SPI interface
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/spi/
 I2C
• I2C is another interface to communicate
with different types of electronic
components like Sensors, Analog to
Digital Converts (ADC), etc. that
supports the SPI interface
• Thousands of different Components and
Sensors supports the I2C interface
https://www.halvorsen.blog

Raspberry Pi
with MATLAB
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
 MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi

Getting Started with MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi: https://youtu.be/32ByiUdOwsw
Test Hardware
Documentation and Examples
Blinking LED Example

Observe that the built-in LED

on the Raspberry Pi is blinking
 Blinking LED Example
clear
We use the following Function: clc

writeLED(r, "LED0", 1); r = raspi;

for i = 1:10
disp(i);
writeLED(r, "LED0", 0);
pause(0.5);
writeLED(r, "LED0", 1)
pause(0.5);
end
Blinking LED GPIO Example
Blinking LED GPIO Example
clear rpi
rpi = raspi();
gpiopin = 16
ledvalue = 1;
writeDigitalPin(rpi, gpiopin, ledvalue);

for i = 1:10
ledvalue = 1;
writeDigitalPin(rpi, gpiopin, ledvalue);
pause(0.5);
ledvalue = 0;
writeDigitalPin(rpi, gpiopin, ledvalue);
pause(0.5);
end
https://www.halvorsen.blog

ThingSpeak
With Raspberry Pi and Python

Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents

 ThingSpeak
• ThingSpeak is a IoT Cloud Service that lets you collect
and store sensor data in the cloud and develop
Internet of Things applications.
https://thingspeak.com
• It works with Arduino, Raspberry Pi and MATLAB, etc.
• ThingSpeak Raspberry Pi Python Library:
https://pypi.org/project/thingspeak/

https://thingspeak.com
Write TMP36 Data
import thingspeak
import time Python Example
from gpiozero import MCP3002 running on Raspberry Pi
adc = MCP3002(channel=0, differential=False)

channel_id = xxxxxxx
write_key = ”xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx”

channel = thingspeak.Channel(id=channel_id, api_key=write_key)

N = 10
for x in range(N):
#Get Sensor Data
adcdata = adc.value #Scaled Value between 0 and 1
voltvalue = adcdata * 5 # Value between 0V and 5V
tempC = 100*voltvalue-50 # Temperature in Celsius
tempC = round(tempC,1)
print(tempC)

#Write to ThingSpeak
response = channel.update({'field1': tempC})
time.sleep(15)
 Write TMP36 Data
Here we see the Temperature Data in ThingSpeak:
Hans-Petter Halvorsen
University of South-Eastern Norway
www.usn.no

E-mail: [email protected]
Web: https://www.halvorsen.blog