Ordinary Differential Equation

Assignment for Computer Practical

(Solve the problems using Wxmaxima)

1. Solve differential equation 2*y”+3*y’+ y=0 then find its four particular solutions by taking values of
arbitrary constant as [k1,k2]:[(1,0),(0,1),(1,1),(2,-1)] and plot their graphs by taking the range of x as
[-3,2]

2. Solve differential equation Y'''+3*y''+4*y'+12*y=0 then find its four particular solutions by taking values
of arbitrary constants as [k1,k2,k3]:[(-1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,-1),(1,-1,1)] and plot their graphs by taking the
range of x as [-4,5] and y as [-2,2]

3. Solve differential equation y”-3*y’+2*y=0 with initial condition y(0)=1, y'(0)=b, Then find four particular
solutions by assigning four different values to b as [-1,0,1,2]. Also plot the graphs of these solutions by
taking the range of x as [6 ,10 ]

4. Solve differential equation Y"+8*Y'+25*Y=0 with initial conditions y(0)=b, y'(0)=1. Then find five
particular solutions by assigning five different values to b as [-2 ,-1 , 0 ,1, 2 ] . Also plot graphs of these
solutions by taking the range of x as [-1 ,1] and y as [-3 ,3]

5. In a certain culture of bacteria, the number of bacteria increased six fold in 10 hours. How long did it
take for the population to double?

6. The half-life of radioactive cobalt is 5.27 years. Suppose that a nuclear accident has left the level of
cobalt radiation in a certain region at 100 times the level acceptable for human habitation. How long
will it be until the region is again habitable? (Ignore the probable presence of other radioactive
isotopes).

7. Upon the birth of their first child, a couple deposited $ 5000 in an account that pays 8% interest
compounded continuously. The interest payments are allowed to accumulate. How much will the
account contain on the child’s eighteen birthday?

8. A pitcher of buttermilk initially at 250 C is to be cooled by setting it on the front porch, where the
temperature is 00 C. Suppose that the temperature of the buttermilk has dropped to 150 C after 20
minutes. When will it be at 50 C?

9. The rate of change in concentration of pollution in the lake is given as

𝑑𝐶 𝐹
= 𝑉 ( 𝐶𝑖𝑛 − 𝐶)
𝑑𝑡
Assuming input and output flow rates are same and concentration of input is also constant. If an
American LAKE BURLEY GRIFFIN has V=28*10^6 m^3 , F=4*10^6 m^3/month, then how long it will take
for the lake's pollution level to reach 5% of its initial level if only fresh water flows into the lake.

10. A large tank contains 100 litres of salt water. Initially 1 kg of salt is dissolved. Salt water flows into the
tank at the rate of 10 litres per minutes, and concentration 𝑐𝑖𝑛 (𝑡) (kg of salt/litre)of this incoming
 water-salt mixture varies with time. It is given that 𝑐𝑖𝑛 (𝑡)= 0.3+0.1*sin(t). Salt solution flows out at the
same rate at which flows in. Mass of the salt at any time t in the tank is given by
𝑑𝑆 𝑆(𝑡)
= 10 𝑐𝑖𝑛 (𝑡) −
𝑑𝑡 10
Find amount of salt in the tank after 30 minutes. Also plot the graph to show amount of salt in the tank
with respect to time.
11. If LOTKA-VOLTERRA predator-prey system of differential equations are

𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑1 𝑥 − 𝑐1 𝑥𝑦

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑐2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑑2 𝑦

Where x and y denotes number of prey and predator at time t respectively. Initially, number of prey and
predator are 200 and 80 respectively. Solve modified system of differential equation in the domain
[0, 20] and find value of prey and predator at t=10. Also, plot graphs which show number of prey and
predator with respect to time.
[Values of constants are given as 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏, 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓, 𝒅𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟎, 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟓 ]

12. Rate of change in number of susceptible(S) and infective(I) are given as

𝒅𝑺
𝒅𝒕
= −𝒃𝑺𝑰

𝒅𝑰
𝒅𝒕
= 𝒃𝑺𝑰 − 𝒓𝑰

Initially number of susceptible and infective is 500 and 1 respectively. Also infection rate and recovery
rate are 0.002 and 0.4 respectively. Find numerical solution of the system of differential equations using
initial conditions. Also find the number of susceptible(S) and infective(I) after 20 days. Also, plot their
graphs which shows number of susceptible and infective with respect to time.

13. Modified LOTKA-VOLTERRA predator-prey system of differential equations which shows effect of DDT
are given as
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑1 𝑥 − 𝑐1 𝑥 − 𝑝1 𝑥
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑐2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑑2 𝑦 − 𝑝2 𝑦

Where x and y denotes number of prey and predator at time t. Initially, number of prey and predator are
250 and 100 respectively. Per capita death rate due to DDT for prey and predator are 0.15 and 0.15
respectively Solve modified system of differential equation in the domain [0 ,25] and find value of prey
and predator at t=25. Also, plot graphs which show number of prey and predator with respect to time.
[Values of constants are given as 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏, 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓, 𝒅𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟎, 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟓]

14. Consider a disease where all who recover then become susceptible to catching the disease again.
Assume that these individuals have the same chance of catching the disease as those who have never
been infected before. Assume. Ignore any Rate of births and deaths. Change in number of susceptible(S)
and infective(I) are given as
𝒅𝑺
𝒅𝒕
= 𝒓𝑰 − 𝒃𝑺𝑰
 𝒅𝑰
𝒅𝒕
= 𝒃𝑺𝑰 − 𝒓𝑰

Initially number of susceptible and infective is 500 and 1 respectively. Also infection rate and recovery
rate are 0.002 and 0.5 respectively. Find numerical solution of the system of differential equations using
initial conditions. Also find the number of susceptible(S) and infective(I) after 20 days. Also, plot their
graphs which shows number of susceptible and infective with respect to time.

15. Extend the SIR epidemic model to one with an additional population class E(t), corresponding
to individuals who have been exposed to the disease, so they are no longer susceptible, but not yet
infectious. You may assume a latent period 𝜎 −1 . Also, infective recovered in a mean time 𝛾 −1 have
lifelong immunity.
𝒅𝑺
𝒅𝒕
= −𝜷𝑺𝑰

𝒅𝑬
𝒅𝒕
= 𝜷𝑺𝑰 − 𝝈𝑬

𝒅𝑰
𝒅𝒕
= 𝝈𝑬 − 𝜸𝑰

Initially number of susceptible, exposed to the disease and infective are 500, 10 and 1 respectively. Also
𝜷 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐, 𝝈 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓 and 𝜸 = 𝟎. 𝟐 . Find numerical solution of the system of differential equations
using initial conditions. Also find the number of susceptible(S) and infective(I) after 20 days. Also, plot
their graphs which shows number of susceptible, exposed and infective with respect to time.

16. Consider the following model for two competing species, given by the differential equations
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝛽1 𝑥 − 𝑐1 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑑1 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦
= 𝛽2 𝑦 − 𝑐2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑑2 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑡

Where x and y denotes number of prey and predator at time t. Initially, number of prey and predator are
10 and 1 respectively. Solve system of differential equation in the domain [0 ,300] and find value of prey
and predator at t=25. Also, plot graphs which show number of prey and predator with respect to time.
[Values of constants are given as 𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟕, 𝜷𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟗, 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟗, 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟗,
𝒅𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕, 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎]