Architectural Design 2

Ar. Marites G. Balmas, MSCM, REB, REA

 Learning Material Code: ARDES2W14
A. Module Title
• Week 14 – SPACE PROGRAMMING AND ARCHITECTURAL MATRICES
• B. Learning Outcomes (LO)
At the end module students should be able to:
• Apply scientific techniques and technical data as a tool for analysis in a given design problem
• Know the fundamentals and importance of Space programming to planning
• Familiarize to different architectural matrices in approach to space functionality and users needs.
• Pre-design Phase – It is often referred to as “Programming”
• According to Duerk (1993), architectural programming is the systematic process of
gathering and analyzing information about a building or other setting, and then using
that information to create guidelines for the performance of that setting.
• Programming is also defined as “consultation to establish and document the
following detailed requirements for a project”. (AIA, 1993)
• In general, pre-design is a problem-seeking stage.
• Site Analysis is treated as distinct phase probably because it involves on site
activity in real projects.
• In contrast to the pre design stage, schematic design phase is a problem
solving stage in this phase. What is called creative part usually refers to the
schematic design phase where main concepts of form and space are
generated
 Architectural programming
• Architectural programming is part of the pre-design phase of a building
project. It is the research and decision-making process that brings together
your list of building wants and needs, ultimately identifying the scope of
work to be designed.
 Architectural programming
• The process of managing information so that the right kind of information
is available at the right stage of the design process and the best possible
decisions can be made in shaping the outcome of the building designs.
• The process that creates the structure for fulfilling the dreams, hopes, wishes
and desires of the building’s future inhabitants.
 Architectural programming
• The orderly definition of the architectural problem and the articulation of
project requirements in a manner that promotes the creation of a responsible
solution for the design of the building.
• The problem-seeking phase of the design process.
• The gathering, organizing, analyzing, interpreting and presenting of the
information relevant to a design project.
 Programming Phase of Design
• The first step in the architectural design phases, the programming or the pre-
design phase, is for problem-seeking. During this time, you are determining
the scope of work to be designed. No actual design is being developed at this
design phase. You will mainly ask your client questions to gain an
understanding of their problems, wants, and needs. This is also where the
research and decision-making process happens.
 Space Programing
The first step in any space delivery project is to define the requirements of the
occupants – a process called Space Programing
Space Programing includes:
1. Identifying problems and needs.
2. Providing the right amount and type of space, equipment, and furniture needed to
function efficiently.
If this vital step is overlooked, the project team may misinterpret the space
requirements resulting in costly change orders and cost overruns during the
constructions process.
 Space programming
• Space programming is a main task in the schematic design process; which generates a
geometric arrangement of the space layout that complies with the client’s requirements.
Space programming is an iterative procedure by nature that changes based on the needs of
the client.
• A key problem of space programming is the lack of a link between the client's requirements
and design tools. The arduous process of analyzing, structuring, and extracting useful
information frequently results in needs being neglected or key requirements failing to be
met.
• Failure to meet the user's space program criteria may result in a decrease in building
performance, cost increases, client discontent, and penalty fees imposed by the client, which
are typically clearly mentioned in design contracts.
 ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
PROGRAMMING
As an architect, the first response to a set of requirements laid out by a client is
to visualize a brief and concise solution. The program of the space to be
included must serve as a foundation for the final output of the design. Space
programming helps the designer, as well as the client, to have an overview of:
•what spaces/rooms must be included;
•what needs shall the space serve;
•how will the experience be like for the user;
•how effective is the design solution; and more
 ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
PROGRAMMING
Professionally, the allocation of spaces requires the designer to apply basic standards of planning such as following
the minimum requirements for each space designated lawfully. Also, there are a number of considerations the
architect must be keen in order to develop a functional architecture ideal for the users. Some general considerations
include:
•Accessibility
•Sustainability
•Accommodation for persons with disabilities
•Ergonomics
•Natural light and ventilation
Duly noted, architectural space programming translates the abstract concepts into a physical architecture. Though it
may come as a series of changes and development throughout the design process, it is the main idea that gives the
space a purpose.
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
PROCESS
A coherent system of action in design problem- solving can result to an optimized design
which satisfies the needs of the client. Cherry and Petronis (2016) created a six-step guide of
programming for architects and designers to develop a good architectural program.
1. Research the project type
2. Establish goals and objectives
3. Gather relevant information
4. Identify strategies
5. Determine quantitative requirements
6. Summarize the program
 1) Research The Project Type

This step is necessary if the programmer is working on a project type for the first time.
The programmer should become familiar with some of the following relevant
information:
• The types of spaces frequently included in the building type,
• The space criteria (number of square feet per person or unit) for those spaces,
• Typical relationships of spaces for these functions,
• Typical costs per square foot for this building type,
• Typical site requirements for the project type,
• Technical, mechanical, electrical, security, or other issues unique to the project type.
 2) Establish Goals And Objectives

Each of the following categories of goals should be addressed:

• Organizational Goals – How does the project match with the program mission?
• Form & Image Goals – What will it look and feel like?
• Function Goals: What major functions will take place in the building? How many people are to be accommodated?
• Economic Goals – Can we afford to build, operate, and maintain it?
• Time Goals: When is the project to be occupied? What types of changes are expected over the next 5, 10, 15, & 20
years?
• Management Goals: These goals are not so much an issue of the nature of the project as they are the circumstances
of the owner, clients, programmer, or architect. For example, perhaps the schematic design must be completed in time
for a legislative request application deadline.
 3. Gather Relevant Information

• At this point, you will likely be working with a design professional to develop the list
of building wants and needs (aka building program). It will be important to explore
how your current building is used in order to clarify what elements support delivery
of program mission and what elements are barriers. You can improve your
understanding by completing the Worksheet: Gathering Detailed Information on
Usage. This will include information about who uses the facility, when and how, and
start to identify any special program space usage needs such as conference rooms,
kitchens, or classrooms. A thorough exploration will provide critical understanding
of the interrelationships between your program function and the eventual form and
layout of the building.
 4) Identify Strategies

• Programmatic strategies suggest a way to accomplish the goals given what

one now knows about the opportunities and constraints. A familiar example
of a programmatic strategy is the relationship or "bubble" diagram. These
diagrams indicate what functions should be near each other in order for the
project to function smoothly. Relationship diagrams can also indicate the
desired circulation connections between spaces, what spaces require security
or audio privacy, or other aspects of special relationships.
 5) Determine Quantitative Requirements
• Cost, schedule, and affordable area are interdependent. Costs are affected by
inflation through time. Affordable area is determined by available budgets.
• In this step, one must reconcile the available budget with the amount of
improvements desired within the project time frame.
• The total project cost includes the construction cost (for building and site work),
plus amounts for architect's fees, furniture and equipment, communications,
contingency, printing for bid sets, contingency, soils tests, topological surveys, and
any other costs that must come from the owner's budget. The intention is to help
the owner prepare for all the project costs, not just those costs assigned to
construction.
In the case of a tenant
improvement within a larger
building, one establishes the
"internal gross" of the leased
space. Additional support space
or tare area such as mechanical
rooms and public toilets would
not be included in the
calculation for this project type.
 6) Summarize The Program

• Finally, once all of the preceding steps are executed, summary statements can be
written defining "in a nut shell" the results of the programming effort. All of the
pertinent information included above can be documented for the owner, committee
members, and the design team as well. The decision-makers should sign-off on the
scope of work as described in the program.
• Once a program is completed and approved by the client, the information must be
integrated into the design process. Some clients want the programmer to stay
involved after the programming phase to ensure that the requirements defined in
the program are realized in the design work.
 Design Process
• The architectural design process was created by architects to help them create
structures that satisfy the demands and preferences of the occupants, integrate into
the surrounding environment, and adhere to legal and regulatory requirements.
• The design process is a tool used to create design solutions that are based on a
specified set of criteria and attain the intended state.
• In order to allow for reevaluation and the exploration of various design alternatives
to further enhance the design, the process itself is iterative. This is to handle
unanticipated problems and worries that can emerge along the process.
 Important of The Design Process
• The architectural design process is important because the design of the house is
complicated.
• There are many things to consider in a home, and you want to get it right. So you follow a
process that covers all the essential factors in designing a house along the way.
• The architectural design process means that you don’t overlook any critical aspects in the
design of your home.
• It also helps communicate the intention of the house design. Through sketches and
drawings produced at different steps in the architectural design process . They show design
ideas in an easy to understand way. And helpd our clients provide valuable feedback on their
proposed house design.
 The Design Stages

1. Initiation
2. Preparation
3. Synthesis
4. Alternative - Modify and Refine
5. Draft
6. Evaluate
7. Feedback
8. Action/Selection
9. Implementation
 1. Initiation
• Every design process begins with problem identification, after which the
architect explores the problem's underlying contexts, including behaviors,
needs, finances, and both natural and man-made settings.
 2. Preparation
• Architects must gather information and use it to create analyses, much like scientists do.
• Without data, the architect is unable to come up with a sound design solution, which may
lead to irrational assumptions and a failure to understand crucial elements of the design
problem.
• Possible data requirements: include client preferences and behaviors, the project site's
topography and technical description, budget, and more.
• The most popular analysis tool used by architects to comprehend how spaces interact is the
proximity matrix.
• The first step in building an aspirant architect's foundational talent is understanding and
using this analysis tool.
PROXIMITY MATRIX
 3. Synthesis
• However, creating only one bubble diagram cannot lead to a good design
solution.
• An architect uses a number of steps to explore additional potential design
options or to enhance the basic arrangement.
• The procedure could entail altering, improving, and adding inflections to the
original pattern.
Bubble Diagram
 4. Alternative
(Modify)
• Without fundamentally altering the character or deviating from the
necessary premises, to make modest alterations or to alter a portion of
the design or layout.
 4. Alternative
(Refine)
• The result of considering many options may result in minor issues with
unresolved questions.
• Even the most diligent people will run across this problem, so
improvements must be made.
• In this stage, the layout’s components that may have had a few minor errors
or lacked certain aspects during the design development would be further
elaborated or defined.
 5. Draft

• Although the architect has come up with an early design idea, the process of
design is not yet complete.
• Since the draft is the first iteration of the suggested design or concept, it
must go through a careful analysis and resynthesis depending on the client's
feedback.
• To create a favorable impression and a solid architect-client connection, it is
essential to show your plans and interact with the client effectively.
 6. Evaluation
• The initial design proposal or draft will go through a rigorous examination
procedure at this stage in order to spot any issues that were missed when the
design solution was being developed.
• Since the client is assumed to represent the future user, their input and
engagement are essential at this point.
• Models, 3D renders, and printed plans are just a few of the materials needed
at this stage.
 7. Feedback
• Information used to synthesize or alter a design solution following the
evaluation process.
• By making this information available, the client will eventually adopt a better
version of the design proposal once the feedback's basic requirements are
satisfied.
• Thoughts from the architect's professional practice must also be used to
critically assess the feedback that has been provided. Not all customer input
is helpful, particularly if it is against the law or unethical.
 8. Action/Selection
• The client will choose the most appropriate or optimal plan at this point to
be implemented into working drawings.
• The contract documentation will also be made using the approved design as
a guide.
 9. Implementation
• The phase in which the architect creates all essential plans and
documentation in order to get the project ready for construction.
 Learning Activity

Essay:
In your own words explain graphically and in essay type description:
Why is space programming important in architecture?
As future architects how would you innovate existing programming methods to
adapt it in local (Filipino context)?
Media: A4 size paper
Submit at the end of the class
 Formative Assessment:

Homework: In 9”x 12”paper

Create a space matrix diagram for the following below spaces:
• Living room
• Dining area
• Kitchen
• Masters Bedroom
• Bathroom
 References
• https://www.wbdg.org/design-disciplines/architectural-programming
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5IAhL8xycE&t=226s
• https://www.scribd.com/document/467719492/ARCHITECTURAL-
DESIGN-PROCESS-AND-METHODOLOGIES