IGCSE Edexcel Maths 4 hours 54 questions

Exam Questions

Functions
Introduction to Functions / Domain & Range / Composite Functions /
Inverse Functions

Medium (13 questions) Total Marks /253

/63

Hard (23 questions)

/101 Very Hard (18 questions)

/89

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Medium Questions
1 (a) f and g are functions such that

f (x) = 2
= 4x 3
and
x2 g(x)

Find f ( − 5)

(1 mark)

(b) Find fg(1)

(2 marks)

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 f = 3x − 2
2 (a)
(x) 10
=
x+2
g(x)

Express the inverse function f−1 in the form = ...

f−1 (x)

(2 marks)

(b) Find gf(x)

Simplify your answer.

(2 marks)

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3 (a) f is a function such that

f (x) 1
=
x2 + 1

1
Find f(2)

(1 mark)

(b) g is a function such that

g(x) = x − x ⩾1
1
Find f g (x)

Give your answer as simply as possible.

(2 marks)

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4 (a)
f is the function f (x) = 2x + 5

Find f (3)

(1 mark)

(b) Express the inverse function f−1 in the form f−1 (x) =

(2 marks)

(c) g is the function g(x) = x2 — 25

Find g( — 3)

(1 mark)

(d) (i) Find gf(x) Give your answer as simply as possible.

[3]

(ii) Solve gf(x) = 0

[2]

(5 marks)

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5 (a)
The functions f and g are defined as

1
f (x) x +4
= 2
2x
x+
g(x)
= 1

Work out f (6)

(1 mark)

(b) Work out fg( — 3)

(2 marks)

(c) g(a) = − 2

Work out the value of a.

(2 marks)

(d) Express the inverse function f−1 in the form f−1 (x) = ...

(3 marks)

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6 (a) f is the function such that f(x) = 2x - 5

g is the function such that g(x) = x2

- 10 Find f (4)

(1 mark)

(b) Find fg(-4)

(2 marks)

(c) Express the inverse function f-1 in the form f-1 (x) = ...

(2 marks)

(d) Solve gf (x) = -1

(4 marks)

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7 (a)
The functions f and g are such that

x
f (x) = 3(x — 4) and g(x) +1
= 5

Find the value of f (10)

(1 mark)

(b) Find g−1 (x)

(2 marks)

(c) Show that ff(x) = 9x — 48

(2 marks)

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8 (a)
3
The function f is defined as
f(x ) = 4+x

Find the value of f(1)

(1 mark)

(b) State which value of x must be excluded from any domain of f.

(1 mark)

(c) The function g is defined as g (x) =5+ x

Given that g (a) = 7, find the value of a.

(1 mark)

(d) Calculate fg(1)

(2 marks)

(e) Find fg(x) Simplify your answer.

(2 marks)

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9 (a) The function h is defined as

h(x) = 2x −
4
x

State the value of x that cannot be included in the domain of h

(1 mark)

(b) Express the inverse function h–1 in the form h– 1 (x) = . . .

h– 1 (x) = ....................

(3 marks)

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10 (a)
The function f is such that f (x) = (x − 4)2 for all values

of x . Find f (1)

(1 mark)

(b) State the range of the function f

(1 mark)

(c) 4
The function g is such that x ≠ −3
g(x) = x+3

Work out fg(2)

(2 marks)

11 f (x) = 3x

Circle the expression for f−1 (x)

− 3x 3 1 x
x 3x 3

(1 mark)

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12 (a) A function is represented by the following function machine.

A number is input into the

machine. The output is used as a
new input. The second output is
11.

Work out the number that was the first input.

(2 marks)

(b) A number is input into the

machine. The output given is the
same number.

Work out the number.

(3 marks)

13 g(x) = 2x and h(x) x −

= 1
2

Circle the expression for hg(x)

2x 2 − x 2x − 1 x2 − x x−1
2 2

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 (1 mark)

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Hard Questions
1 f (x) = 3x2 — 2x — 8

Express f (x + 2) in the form ax2 + bx

(3 marks)

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2 (a)
1
The functions f and g are such that f (x) = x + 3 and
x−2
g(x) =

Find fg(x)
Give your answer as a single algebraic fraction expressed as simply as possible.

(3 marks)

(b)
Express the inverse function g−1 in the form = ...
g−1 (x)

(3 marks)

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3 (a) The function f is such that

f (x) = 4x — 1

Find f−1 (x)

(2 marks)

(b) The function g is such that

g(x) = kx2 where k is a constant.

Given that fg(2) = 12

work out the value of k

(2 marks)

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4 (a) The functions f and g are such that

f (x) = 3x − 1 and = x2 + 4
g(x)

Find f−1 (x)

(2 marks)

(b) Given that fg(x) = 2gf(x) ,

show that 15x2 − 12x — 1 =

(5 marks)

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5 (a) The function f is defined as

f (x) = x − 6
2

Find f (8)

(1 mark)

(b) Express the inverse function f−1 in the form f−1 (x) = ......

(2 marks)

(c) The function g is defined as

g (x) = x −
4
Which values of x cannot be included in a domain of g ?

(2 marks)

(d) Express the function gf in the form gf (x) = .......

Give your answer as simply as possible.

(2 marks)

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 3 1
6 (a) f = +
(x) x + 1 x−2

State one value of x which cannot be included in any domain of f.

(1 mark)

(b) Find the value of f(0)

(1 mark)

(c) Find the value of x for which f (x) = 0

Show clear algebraic working.

(3 marks)

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7 (a) The diagram shows parts of the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g (x) .

Find g(0)

(1 mark)

(b) Find gf(–1)

(2 marks)

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8 (a) 2
f (x) =
x

g(x) = x +
1
x

State which value of x cannot be included in the domain of f or g .

(1 mark)

(b) Solve gf(a) = 3

(3 marks)

(c) Express the inverse function g−1 in the form g−1 (x)

(3 marks)

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9 (a) 2x
f:x → 2x2+1 g :x where x≠1
→ x−1

Express the composite function gf in the form gf:x →

..... Give your answer as simply as possible.

(2 marks)

(b) Express the inverse function g−1 in the form g−1 ∶ x → ......

(3 marks)

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10 (a) The functions g and h are defined as

x
g(x) =
2x − 5
h(x) = x + 4

Find the value of g(1)

(1 mark)

(b) State which value of x must be excluded from any domain of g

(1 mark)

(c) Find gh(x)

Simplify your answer

(2 marks)

(d) Express the inverse function g−1 in the form g−1 (x) = .....

(3 marks)

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11 (a)
f (x) = 2x
x−
1

Find the value of f (11)

(1 mark)

(b) State which value of x must be excluded from any domain of f

(1 mark)

(c) Find f−1 (x)

(3 marks)

(d) State the value which cannot be in any range of f

(1 mark)

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12 (a) f is the function such that

x
f (x) =
3x + 1
Find f(0.5)

(1 mark)

(b) Find ff(−1)

(2 marks)

(c) Find the value of x that cannot be included in any domain of f

(1 mark)

(d) Express the inverse function f−1 in the form f−1 (x) = ......

Show clear algebraic working.

(3 marks)

13 The function f is such that f (x) = x2 – 8x + 5 where x ⩽ 4 Express

the inverse function f−1 in the form f – 1 (x) = . . .

f – 1 (x) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 (3 marks)

14 Two functions, f and g are defined as

1
f:x ↦1+
for x > 0
x
g:x ↦ x+1
for x > 0
2
Given that h = fg
express the inverse function h−1 in the form h−1 : x ↦ . . .

h−1 : x ↦ .....................

(4 marks)

15 f (x) = 2x − 3 and g(x) = x2

Show that f−1 (55) = f g (4)

(4 marks)

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16 f (x) x
= + 4 for all values of x .
3
g(x) = 6x2 + 3 for all values of

x. Work out fg(x) .

Give your answer in the form ax2 + b where a and b are integers.

(2 marks)

17 f (x) = 3x2 – 4x + 8 for all values of x

Jenny says,

“f(10) must equal 2 × f(5), because 10 is 2 × 5”

Is Jenny correct? Show working to support your answer.

(2 marks)

18 g(x) = 16 – x h(x) = x3

Solve gh(x) = 24

(3 marks)

19 f (x) x
= g(x) = x2 – 2
x+2

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 Work out fg(x)

Give your answer in the form a + bxn where a, b and n are integers.

(3 marks)

20 f (x) 2x + 3
=
x−4

Work out f – 1 (x)

(4 marks)

21 g(x) = 3x + 7

Solve g– 1 (x) = 2x

x = ....................

(3 marks)

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22 A function machine is shown below.

If the Input is 3, the Output

is 5. If the Input is 7, the

Output is 25.

Use this information to fill in the two boxes.

(3 marks)

f (x) = cx + d
23 f (4) = 7

f (10) = 22

Work out the values of c and d .

c = .........................

d = .........................

(3 marks)

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Very Hard Questions
1 (a) Show
x 2 + 3x x
that can be kx −
2 x2 + 5xas
written −3
1

State the value of k .

(2 marks)

(b)
x
f (x)
= 2x − 1

Find the inverse function f −1 in the form = . . . . . . .

f −1 (x)

Show your working clearly.

(3 marks)

2 The functions f and g are such that

f (x) = 5x + 3 g(x) = ax + b where a and b are constants.

g(3) = 20 and f−1 (33) = g(1)

Find the value of a and the value of b .

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 (5 marks)

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3 (a) f (x ) = x−
6
Find f(10)

(1 mark)

(b) State which values of x must be excluded from a domain of f

(2 marks)

(c)

(1 mark)

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(d) Find fg(0)

(2 marks)

(e) One of the solutions of g(x) = k , where k is a number, is x = 1

Find the other solutions

Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place

(3 marks)

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4 (a)

(1 mark)

(b) For which values of k does the equation f (x) = k have only one solution?

(2 marks)

(c) Find an estimate for the gradient of the curve at the point where x = −2.5

(3 marks)

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(d) 1
g(x) =
2+x
State which value of x must be excluded from any domain of g

(1 mark)

(e)

(2 marks)

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5 (a)
The function g is defined as

g: x ↦ 5 + 6x − x2 with domain {x:x ⩾ 3}

Express the inverse function g−1 in the form g−1 : x ↦ . . .

g−1 : x ↦
...................................................

(4 marks)

(b) State the domain of g− 1

(1 mark)

6 The functions f and g are such that

f (x) = x + 25 g(x) = x2 – 12x

The function h is such that h(x) = fg(x)

The domain of h is {x : x ⩽ 6}

Express the inverse function h– 1 in the form h– 1 (x) = . . .

h– 1 (x) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 (4 marks)

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7 (a)
The functions f and g are defined as

f (x) = 5x2 − 10x + 7 where x ⩾

1 g(x) = 7x− 6

Find fg(2)

(2 marks)

(b) Express the inverse function f−1 in the form f−1 (x) = . . .

f−1 (x) = ...............................

(4 marks)

8 The functions f and g are such that

f (x ) = x 2 − 2 x g(x) = x + 3

The function h is such that h(x) = fg(x) for x ⩾ − 2

Express the inverse function h−1 (x) in the form h−1 (x) = .........

h−1 (x) = ................

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 (5 marks)

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9 (a)
The function f is such that f (x) = 5 + 6x – x2 for x ⩽ 3

Express 5 + 6x – x2 in the form p – (x – q ) 2 where p and q are constants.

(2 marks)

(b) Using your answer to part (a), find the range of values of x for which f−1 (x) is
positive.

(5 marks)

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10 (a)
g is the function with domain x ⩾ – 3 such that g (x) = x2 + 6x

Write down the range of g−1

(1 mark)

(b) Express the inverse function g−1 in the form g−1 : x ↦ …

g− 1 : x ↦

(4 marks)

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11 (a) x2 + k2
The function f is defined as f for x > 0 and where k is a positive
(x) = x
number.

Find the value of p for which f−1 (p) = k

p=

(3 marks)

(b) The function g is defined as g(x) = x2 for x > 0

Given that gf(a) = k for k > 1 find an expression for a in terms of k .

a=

(3 marks)

1
12 f (x) = x g(x) = x − x2
2
Solve f – 1 (x) = gf(x)

(4 marks)

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13 f (x) 2x
= −1
5
Work out the value of f – 1 (3) + f (– 0.5)

(5 marks)

14 f = 5 − x and = 3x + 7
(x)
g(x)

Simplify f (2x) + g(x – 1)

(3 marks)

15 h(x) = 3 x for all values of x

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 On the grid, draw the graph of the inverse function y =h−1 (x) for −2 ⩽ x ⩽
2

(2 marks)

16 For all values of x

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 f (x) = sin x
g(x) = x + 90

On the grid, draw the graph of the composite function y = fg( x ) for 0° ⩽ x ⩽
360°

(2 marks)

17 Here are two function machines, A and B.

Both machines have the same input.

Work out the range of input values for which

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 the output of A is less than the output of B.

(4 marks)

18 f (x) = 2x + c

g(x) = cx + 5

f g (x) = 6x +

c and d are constants.

Work out the value of d

.

(3 marks)

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