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Machine Learning Notes

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that enables systems to learn from data and improve performance without explicit programming, with applications in various fields such as healthcare and finance. It encompasses three main types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each with distinct algorithms and applications. Despite its potential, ML faces challenges like the need for quality datasets, overfitting, and ethical concerns.

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4 views2 pages

Machine Learning Notes

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that enables systems to learn from data and improve performance without explicit programming, with applications in various fields such as healthcare and finance. It encompasses three main types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each with distinct algorithms and applications. Despite its potential, ML faces challenges like the need for quality datasets, overfitting, and ethical concerns.

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sapna842004
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Machine Learning Technology - Notes

1. Introduction to Machine Learning

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that allows systems to learn from data
and improve their performance without being explicitly programmed. It is widely used in fields like
healthcare, finance, robotics, natural language processing, and image recognition.

Key Features of ML:

- Data-driven approach to learning - Improves automatically through experience - Provides


predictions and decisions without hardcoding rules

2. Types of Machine Learning

There are three main categories of Machine Learning:

a) Supervised Learning: In this type, the model is trained with labeled data. Examples include
regression and classification problems. b) Unsupervised Learning: In this type, the model identifies
hidden patterns in unlabeled data. Examples include clustering and dimensionality reduction. c)
Reinforcement Learning: In this type, the model learns by interacting with the environment and
receiving rewards or penalties.

Applications:

- Spam email detection (Supervised Learning) - Market segmentation (Unsupervised Learning) -


Game AI and robotics (Reinforcement Learning)

3. Common Machine Learning Algorithms

- Linear Regression: Predicts continuous values. - Logistic Regression: Used for binary
classification. - Decision Trees: Splits data based on feature values. - Random Forest: Ensemble of
decision trees. - Support Vector Machines (SVM): Classification with optimal hyperplane. -
K-Means: Clustering algorithm. - Neural Networks: Basis for deep learning.

4. Real-World Applications

- Healthcare: Disease prediction, medical imaging - Finance: Fraud detection, stock price prediction
- Retail: Recommendation systems, demand forecasting - Autonomous Vehicles: Object detection,
navigation - Natural Language Processing: Chatbots, translation, sentiment analysis

5. Challenges in Machine Learning

- Need for large and quality datasets - Overfitting and underfitting problems - Model interpretability
and transparency - Ethical concerns and bias in decision-making

Conclusion

Machine Learning is transforming industries by enabling data-driven decision-making. With


advancements in algorithms and computing power, ML continues to evolve, making it one of the
most impactful technologies of the modern era.

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