Questions 1-6

Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

1 reference to an appealing way of using dance that the writer is not proposing

2 an example of a contrast between past and present approaches to building

3 mention of an objective of both dance and engineering

4 reference to an unforeseen problem arising from ignoring the climate

5 why some measures intended to help people are being reversed

6 reference to how transport has an impact on human lives

Questions 7-13
Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

Guard rails
Guard rails were introduced on British roads to improve the 7…………………… of
pedestrians, while ensuring that
the movement of 8……………………. is not disrupted. Pedestrians are led to access points,
and encouraged to cross
one 9…………………….. at a time.

An unintended effect is to create psychological difficulties in crossing the road,

particularly for less
10………………….. people. Another result is that some people cross the road in a
11……………………. way. The guard rails
separate 12……………………., and make it more difficult to introduce forms of transport
that are 13…………………….

Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

14 a reference to how further disappearance of multiple species could be avoided.

15 explanation of a way of reproducing an extinct animal using the DNA of only

that species

16 reference to a habitat which has suffered following the extinction of a

species

17 mention of the exact point at which a particular species became extinct

Questions 18-22
Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

The woolly mammoth revival project

Professor George Church and his team are trying to identify the 18…………………… which
enabled mammoths to live in
the tundra. The findings could help preserve the mammoth’s close relative, the
endangered Asian elephant.

According to Church, introducing Asian elephants to the tundra would involve

certain physical adaptations to
minimise 19…………………… To survive in the tundra, the species would need to have the
mammoth-like features of
thicker hair, 20………………….. of a reduced size and more 21……………………..

Repopulating the tundra with mammoths or Asian elephant/mammoth hybrids would also
have an impact on the
environment, which could help to reduce temperatures and decrease 22……………………

Questions 23-26
Look at the following statements (Questions 23-26) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A, B or C.

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

23 Reintroducing an extinct species to its original habitat could improve the

health of a particular
species living there.

24 It is important to concentrate on the causes of an animal’s extinction.

25 A species brought back from extinction could have an important beneficial
impact on the vegetation of
its habitat.

26 Our current efforts at preserving biodiversity are insufficient.

List of People

A Ben Novak

B Michael Archer

C Beth Shapiro

Questions 27-31

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

27 When referring to laughter in the first paragraphs, the writer emphasises

A its impact on language.

B its function in human culture.

C its value to scientific research.

D its universality in animal societies.

28 What does the writer suggest about Charley Douglass?

A He understood the importance of enjoying humour in a group setting.

B He believed that TV viewers at home needed to be told when to laugh.

C He wanted his shows to appeal to audiences across the social spectrum.

D He preferred shows where audiences were present in the recording studio.

29 What makes the Santa Cruz study particularly significant?

A the various different types of laughter that were studied

B the similar results produced by a wide range of cultures

C the number of different academic disciplines involved

D the many kinds of people whose laughter was recorded

30 Which of the following happened in the San Diego study?

A Some participants became very upset.

B Participants exchanged roles.

C Participants who had not met before became friends.

D Some participants were unable to laugh.

31 In the fifth paragraph, what did the results of the San Diego study suggest?

A It is clear whether a dominant laugh is produced by a high- or low-status

person.

B Low-status individuals in a position of power will still produce submissive

laughs.

C The submissive laughs of low- and high-status individuals are surprisingly

similar.

D High-status individuals can always be identified by their way of laughing.

Questions 32-36
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.

The benefits of humour

In one study at Australian National University, randomly chosen groups of
participants were shown one of
three videos, each designed to generate a different kind of 32………………….. . When all
participants were then
given a deliberately frustrating task to do, it was found that those who had
watched the 33…………………….. video
persisted with the task for longer and tried harder to accomplish the task than
either of the other two
groups.

A second study in which participants were asked to perform a particularly

34……………………… task produced similar
results. According to researchers David Cheng and Lu Wang, these findings suggest
that humour not only
reduces 35…………………… and helps build social connections but it may also have a
36……………………. Effect on the body
and mind.

A laughter B relaxing C boring

D anxiety E stimulating F emotion

G enjoyment H amusing

Questions 37-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

37 Participants in the Santa Cruz study were more accurate at identifying the
laughs of friends than those
of strangers.

38 The researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions
regarding the behaviour of the
high-status individuals.

39 The participants in the Australian National University study were given a

fixed amount of time to
complete the task focusing on employee profiles.

40 Cheng and Wang’s conclusions were in line with established notions regarding
task performance.