DATA 301

Python II

Dr. Firas Moosvi

University of British Columbia Okanagan
[email protected]
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Python Math Expressions

Math expressions in Python:
Operation Syntax Example
Add + 5+3
Subtract - 10 – 2
Multiply * 5*3
Divide / 9/4

Modulus % 9%4
(answer is 1)
Exponent ** 5 ** 2
(answer is 25)
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Expressions - Operator Precedence

Each operator has its own priority similar to their priority in regular
math expressions:
• 1) Any expression in parentheses is evaluated first starting with the inner most
nesting of parentheses.
• 2) Exponents
• 3) Multiplication and division (*, /, %)
• 4) Addition and subtraction (+,-)
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Python Expressions Question

Question: What is the value of this expression:

8 ** 2 + 12 / 4 * (3 – 1) % 5

A) 69 B) 65 C) 36 D) 16 E) 0
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Try it: Python Variables and Expressions

Question 1: Write a program that prints the result of 35 + 5 * 10.

Question 2: Write a program that uses at least 3 operators to end up

with the value 99.

Question 3: Write a program that has a variable called name with the
value of your name and a variable called age storing your age. Print
out your name and age using these variables.
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Strings
Strings are sequences of characters that are surrounded by either
single or double quotes.
• Use \ to escape ' E.g. There\'s
• Can use triple double quotes """ for a string that spans multiple lines.
Example:
name = "Joe Jones"
storeName = 'Joe\'s Store'
print("""String that is really long
with multiple lines
and spaces is perfectly fine""")
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Python String Indexing

Individual characters of a string can be accessed using square brackets
([]) with the first character at index 0.

Example:
str = "Hello"
print(str[1]) # e
print("ABCD"[0]) # A
print(str[-1]) # o
# Negative values start at end and go backward
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Rules for Strings in Python

Must be surrounded by single or double quotes.
Can contain most characters except enter, backspace, tab, and backslash.
• These special characters must be escaped by using an initial "\".
• e.g. \n – new line, \' – single quote, \\ - backslash, \" – double quote
• A string in raw mode (r before quote) will ignore backslash escape. May be useful
if data contains escapes. Example: st = r"slash\there\"
Double quoted strings can contain single quoted strings and vice versa.
Any number of characters is allowed.
The minimum number of characters is zero "", which is called the empty
string.
String literals (values) have the quotation marks removed when displayed.
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Python Strings Question

Question: How many of the following are valid Python strings?

1) ""
2) ''
3) "a"
4) " "
5) """
6) "Joe\' Smith\""

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
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Python String Functions

st = "Hello"
st2 = "Goodbye"
Operation Syntax Example Output
Length len() len(st) 5
Upper case upper() st.upper() HELLO
Lower case lower() st.lower() hello
Convert to a string str() str(9) "9"
Concatenation + st1 + st2 HelloGoodbye
Substring [] st[0:3] Hel
st[1:] ello
String to int int() int("99") 99
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String Operators: Concatenation

The concatenation operator is used to combine two strings into a
single string. The notation is a plus sign '+'.
Example:
st1 = "Hello"
st2 = "World!"
st3 = st1 + st2 # HelloWorld!
print(st1+st1)
num = 5
print(st1+str(num)) # Hello5
# Must convert number to string before
# concatenation
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String Concatenation Question

Question: What is the output of this code?
st1 = "Hello"
st2 = "World!"
num = 5
print(st1 + str(num) + " " + st2)

A) Error
B) Hello5World!
C) Hello5 World!
D) Hello 5 World!
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Substring
The substring function will return a range of characters from a string.
Syntax:
st[start:end] # start is included, end is not
# first character is index 0
Examples:
st = "Fantastic"
print(st[1]) # a
print(st[0:6]) # Fantas
print(st[4:]) # astic
print(st[:5]) # Fanta
print(st[-6:-2]) # tast
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Substring Question
Question: What is the output of this code?
st = "ABCDEFG"
print(st[1] + st[2:4] + st[3:] + st[:4])

A) ABCDCDEFGABCD
B) ABCDEFGABC
C) ACDDEFGABCD
D) BCDDEFGABCD
E) BCDECDEFGABC
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Split
The split function will divide a string based on a separator.
Examples:
st = "Awesome coding! Very good!"
print(st.split())
# ['Awesome', 'coding!', 'Very', 'good!']
print(st.split("!"))
# ['Awesome coding', ' Very good', '']
st = 'data,csv,100,50,,25,"use split",99'
print(st.split(","))
# ['data', 'csv', '100', '50', '', '25',
# '"use split"', '99']
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Try it: Python String Variables and Functions

Question 1: Write a Python program that prints out your name and age
stored in variables like this:
Name: Joe
Age: 25

Question 2: Write a Python program that prints out the first name and
last name of Steve Smith like below. You must use substring.
• Bonus challenge: Use find() function so that it would work with any name.
First Name: Steve
Last Name: Smith
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Print Formatting
The print method can accept parameters for formatting.
print("Hi", "Amy", ", your age is", 21)
print("Hi {}, your age is {}".format("Amy",21))

This is one of the most obvious changes between Python 2:

print "Hello"
and Python 3:
print("Hello")
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Python Date and Time

Python supports date and time data types and functions.
First, import the datetime module:
from datetime import datetime
Functions:
now = datetime.now()
print(now)
current_year = now.year
current_month = now.month
current_day = now.day
print("{}-{}-{} {}:{}:{}".format(now.year, now.month,
now.day, now.hour, now.minute, now.second))
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Python Clock
Python time() function returns the current time in seconds:
import time
startTime = time.time()
print("Start time:", startTime)
print("How long will this take?")
endTime = time.time()
print("End time:", endTime)
print("Time elapsed:", endTime-startTime)
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Python Input
To read from the keyboard (standard input), use the method input:

name = input("What's your name?")

print(name)
age = input("What's your age?") Prompt for value
from user
print(age)

print out value received

• Note in Python 2 the method is called raw_input().

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Try it: Python Input, Output, and Dates

Question 1: Write a program that reads a name and prints out the
name, the length of the name, the first five characters of the name.

Question 2: Print out the current date in YYYY/MM/DD format.

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Comparisons
A comparison operator compares two values. Examples:
• 5 < 10
• N > 5 # N is a variable. Answer depends on what is N.

Comparison operators in Python:

• > - Greater than
• >= - Greater than or equal
• < - Less than
• <= - Less than or equal
• == - Equal (Note: Not "=" which is used for assignment!)
• != - Not equal
The result of a comparison is a Boolean value which is either True or
False.
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Conditions with and, or, not

A condition is an expression that is either True or False and may
contain one or more comparisons. Conditions may be combined using:
and, or, not.
• order of evaluation: not, and, or May change order with parentheses.
Operation Syntax Examples Output
AND and True and True True
(True if both are True) False and True False
False and False False
OR or True or True True
(True if either or both are True) False or True True
False or False False
NOT not not True False
(Reverses: e.g. True becomes False) not False True
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Condition Examples
n = 5
v = 8
print(n > 5) # False
print(n == v) # False
print(n != v) # True
print(n == v and n+4>v) # False
print(n == v or n+4>v) # True
print(n+1 == v-2 or not v>4) # True
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Python Condition Question

Question: How many of the following conditions are TRUE?

1) True and False

2) not True or not False
3) 3 > 5 or 5 > 3 and 4 != 4
4) (1 < 2 or 3 > 5) and (2 == 2 and 4 != 5)
5) not (True or False) or True and (not False)

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
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Decisions
Decisions allow the program to perform different actions based on
conditions. Python decision syntax:

if condition: if condition:
statement Done if condition statement
is True
else:
statement Done if condition
is False

• The statement after the if condition is only performed if the condition is True.
• If there is an else, the statement after the else is done if condition is False.
• Indentation is important! Remember the colon!
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Decisions if/elif Syntax

If there are more than two choices, use the if/elif/else syntax:

if condition: if n == 1:
statement print("one")
elif condition: elif n == 2:
statement print("two")
elif condition: elif n == 3:
statement print("three")
else: else:
statement print("Too big!")
print("Done!")
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Decisions: Block Syntax

Statements executed after a decision in an if statement are indented
for readability. This indentation is also how Python knows which
statements are part of the block of statements to be executed.
• If you have more than one statement, make sure to indent them. Be consistent
with either using tabs or spaces. Do not mix them!

if age > 19 and name > "N":

print("Not a teenager")
print("Name larger than N")
else:
print("This is statement #1")
print(" and here is statement #2!")
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Question: Decisions
Question: What is the output of the following code?
n = 3
if n < 1:
print("one")
elif n > 2:
print("two")
elif n == 3:
print("three")

A) nothing B) one C) two D) three

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Question: Decisions (2)

Question: What is the output of the following code?
n = 3
if n < 1: A) nothing
print("one")
B) one
elif n > 2
print("two") C) two
else: D) three
print("three")
E) error
 32

Question: Decisions (3)

Question: What is the output of the following code?
n = 1
if n < 1: A) nothing
print("one")
B) one
elif n > 2:
print("two") four
else: C) three
print("three")
print("four") D) three
four
E) error
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Question: Decisions (4)

Question: What is the output of the following code?
n = 0 A) nothing D) one
if n < 1: B) one five
print("one") four zero
print("five")
elif n == 0: C) one four
print("zero") five
else: four E) error
print("three")
print("four")
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Try it: Decisions

Question 1: Write a Python program that asks the user for a number
then prints out if it is even or odd.

Question 2: Write a Python program that asks the user for a number
between 1 and 5 and prints out the word for that number (e.g. 1 is
one). If the number is not in that range, print out error.