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 TM
JAVA PROGRAMMING

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 SEVENTH EDITION

TM
JAVA PROGRAMMING

JOYCE FARRELL

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 Java Programming, © 2014 Course Technology, Cengage Learning
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 Brief Contents
v

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
CHAPTER 1 Creating Java Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
CHAPTER 2 Using Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
CHAPTER 3 Using Methods, Classes, and Objects . . . . . . . 117
CHAPTER 4 More Object Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
CHAPTER 5 Making Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
CHAPTER 6 Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
CHAPTER 7 Characters, Strings, and the StringBuilder . . . . . 349
CHAPTER 8 Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
CHAPTER 9 Advanced Array Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
CHAPTER 10 Introduction to Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
CHAPTER 11 Advanced Inheri tance Concepts . . . . . . . . . . 547
CHAPTER 12 Exception Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
CHAPTER 13 File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
CHAPTER 14 Introduction to Swing Components . . . . . . . . 739
CHAPTER 15 Advanced GUI Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
CHAPTER 16 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
CHAPTER 17 Applets, Images, and Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . 945
APPENDIX A Working with the Java Platform . . . . . . . . . . . 993
APPENDIX B Learning About Data Representation . . . . . . . 1001
APPENDIX C Formatting Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009
APPENDIX D Generating Random Numbers . . . . . . . . . . 1021
APPENDIX E Javadoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063

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 Contents
vi

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

C H AP T E R 1 Creating Java Programs . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Learning Programming Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Comparing Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming
Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Procedural Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Understanding Classes, Objects, and Encapsulation . . . . . . 6
Understanding Inheritance and Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . 8
Features of the Java Programming Language . . . . . . . . . . 10
Java Program Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Analyzing a Java Application that Produces Console Output . . . . 12
Understanding the Statement that Produces the Output . . . . . 13
Understanding the First Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Indent Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Understanding the main() Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Saving a Java Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Compiling a Java Class and Correcting Syntax Errors . . . . . . . 22
Compiling a Java Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Correcting Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Running a Java Application and Correcting Logical Errors . . . . . 28
Running a Java Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Modifying a Compiled Java Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Correcting Logical Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Adding Comments to a Java Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Creating a Java Application that Produces GUI Output . . . . . . 34
Finding Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

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 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 vii
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

C H AP T E R 2 Using Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Declaring and Using Constants and Variables . . . . . . . . . . 52
Declaring Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Declaring Named Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
The Scope of Variables and Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Concatenating Strings to Variables and Constants . . . . . . . 56
Pitfall: Forgetting That a Variable Holds One Value at a Time . . . 58
Learning About Integer Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Using the boolean Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Learning About Floating-Point Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Using the char Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Using the Scanner Class to Accept Keyboard Input . . . . . . . 76
Pitfall: Using nextLine() Following One of the
Other Scanner Input Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Using the JOptionPane Class to Accept GUI Input . . . . . . . 85
Using Input Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Using Confirm Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Performing Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Associativity and Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Writing Arithmetic Statements Efficiently . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Pitfall: Not Understanding Imprecision in
Floating-Point Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Understanding Type Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Automatic Type Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Explicit Type Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 CONTENTS

Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
viii Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

C H AP T E R 3 Using Methods, Classes, and Objects . . . . 117

Understanding Method Calls and Placement . . . . . . . . . . 118
Understanding Method Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Access Specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Return Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Method Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Adding Parameters to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Creating a Method That Receives a Single Parameter . . . . . 128
Creating a Method That Requires Multiple Parameters . . . . 130
Creating Methods That Return Values . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Chaining Method Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Learning About Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Creating a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Creating Instance Methods in a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Organizing Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Declaring Objects and Using Their Methods . . . . . . . . . . 151
Understanding Data Hiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
An Introduction to Using Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Understanding That Classes Are Data Types . . . . . . . . . 160
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 C H AP T E R 4 More Object Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Understanding Blocks and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Overloading a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Automatic Type Promotion in Method Calls . . . . . . . . . 190
Learning About Ambiguity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 ix

Creating and Calling Constructors with Parameters . . . . . . . 196

Overloading Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Learning About the this Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Using the this Reference to Make Overloaded Constructors More
Efficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Using static Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Using Constant Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Using Automatically Imported, Prewritten Constants and Methods 215
Importing Classes That Are Not Imported Automatically . . . . 217
Using the GregorianCalendar Class . . . . . . . . . . 219
Understanding Composition and Nested Classes . . . . . . . . 225
Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Nested Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

C H AP T E R 5 Making Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Planning Decision-Making Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
The if and if…else Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Pitfall: Misplacing a Semicolon in an if Statement . . . . . . 245
Pitfall: Using the Assignment Operator Instead of the
Equivalency Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Pitfall: Attempting to Compare Objects Using
the Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
The if…else Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 CONTENTS

Using Multiple Statements in if and if…else Clauses . . . . 250

Nesting if and if…else Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Using Logical AND and OR Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
The AND Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
x The OR Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Short-Circuit Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Making Accurate and Efficient Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Making Accurate Range Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Making Efficient Range Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Using && and || Appropriately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Using the switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Using the Conditional and NOT Operators . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Using the NOT Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Understanding Operator Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Adding Decisions and Constructors to Instance Methods . . . . 281
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

C H AP T E R 6 Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Learning About the Loop Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Creating while Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Writing a Definite while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Pitfall: Failing to Alter the Loop Control Variable Within
the Loop Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Pitfall: Creating a Loop with an Empty Body . . . . . . . . . 304
Altering a Definite Loop’s Control Variable . . . . . . . . . . 305
Writing an Indefinite while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Validating Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Using Shortcut Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Creating a for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Learning How and When to Use a do … while Loop . . . . . . 321
Learning About Nested Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Improving Loop Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Avoiding Unnecessary Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Considering the Order of Evaluation of Short-Circuit Operators . 330 xi
Comparing to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Employing Loop Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Using Prefix Incrementing Rather than Postfix Incrementing . . 332
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

C H AP T E R 7 Characters, Strings, and the StringBuilder . . . . 349

Understanding String Data Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Manipulating Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Declaring and Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . 357
Comparing String Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Empty and null Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Using Other String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Converting String Objects to Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Learning About the StringBuilder and
StringBuffer Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 CONTENTS

C H AP T E R 8 Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Declaring Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Initializing an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Using Variable Subscripts with an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
xii Using Part of an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Declaring and Using Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Using the Enhanced for Loop with Objects . . . . . . . . . 412
Manipulating Arrays of Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Searching an Array and Using Parallel Arrays . . . . . . . . . 418
Using Parallel Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Searching an Array for a Range Match . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Passing Arrays to and Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . 425
Returning an Array from a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Programming Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Debugging Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Game Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

C H AP T E R 9 Advanced Array Concepts . . . . . . . . . 443

Sorting Array Elements Using the Bubble Sort Algorithm . . . . 444
Using the Bubble Sort Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Sorting Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Sorting Array Elements Using the Insertion Sort Algorithm . . . . 453
Using Two-Dimensional and Other Multidimensional Arrays . . . . 457
Passing a Two-Dimensional Array to a Method . . . . . . . . 460
Using the length Field with a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . 460
Understanding Ragged Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Using Other Multidimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Using the Arrays Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Using the ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Understanding the Limitations of the ArrayList Class . . . 478
Creating Enumerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Don’t Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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