Basic Administration
Module 2 Data ONTAP 7-Mode Administration
Module Objectives
By the end of this module, you should be able to: Connect remotely to a FAS system by using the console and a remote host Access NetApp System Manager to administer a storage system Execute commands by using the console, a remote host, and NetApp System Manager Use commands to analyze a FAS system Configure and manage the NetApp AutoSupport support tool for a FAS system
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Administrative Interfaces
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CLI and GUI
A storage system can be managed from: The command-line interface (CLI)
Accessed directly through a serial connection to the console Accessed remotely through Secure Shell (SSH) or Telnet
A graphic user interface (GUI): accessed remotely through a variety of protocols
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Command-Line Interface
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Command-Line Interface
CLI is accessed through the console or through Ethernet:
system> Wed Apr system> 7 20:53:01 ... logged in from console
Maximum of 2 sessions:
1 from console 1 from Ethernet (SSH or telnet)
By default, a storage system allows:
One session, one user at a time
Two sessions, up to two users at a time
Please try again later.
Creating additional sessions generates an error:
Too many users logged in!
Connection closed.
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Console Connections: Serial Port
The console allows a physical connection through the: Serial port Storage systems have an RLM or SP RJ45 port marked IOIOI (on BMC the rear panel).
Serial Port
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You connect the DB9 end to a serial port on a host computer. Properties:
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Speed: 9600 bits per second Data bits: 8 Stop bits: 1 Parity: none Flow control: hardware or none
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Console Connections: RLM or SP
The console allows a physical connection through the: Serial port Remote LAN Manager (RLM) or Service Processor (SP) Remote access to your storage system regardless of BMC the system state
SP Ports
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Continuous power and secure access An rlm command or sp command used for configuration The naroot account used to log in as root
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Console Connections: BMC
The console allows a physical connection through the: Serial port RLM or SP On the FAS2000 series, Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)
BMC Port
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Remote access to your storage system regardless of the system state Continuous power and secure access A bmc command used for configuration
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Shell Access: e0M and e0P
In addition to direct console access, administrators can access a storage system through the:
e0M and e0P (if available) Ethernet
Management LAN
Data LAN
RLM or SP
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Data ONTAP 8.0
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Shell Access: Ethernet
In addition to using direct console access, administrators can access a storage system through: e0M and e0P (if available) Ethernet
Communication protocols:
Defaults to secure protocols Defaults to insecure protocols
Secure protocols like SSH and SSL are recommended The following insecure protocols are not
recommended:
RSH Telnet
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Secure Shell
Secure shell (SSH):
Allows for secure administrative access to the storage system Requires no license; set on by default in Data ONTAP 8.0.x Is supported by the Data ONTAP 7.3.x and Data ONTAP 8.0.x operating systems
To configure SSH 2.0:
system> secureadmin setup ssh Follow the wizard and enter a host key of 768 bits. Wait for a syslog message that indicates that SSH is set up. system> secureadmin enable ssh2
Host keys are found where indicated:
RSA key: /etc/sshd/ssh_host_rsa_key DSA key: /etc/sshd/ssh_host_dsa_key
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Working with the CLI
Move the cursor right one position Move the cursor left one position Move the cursor to the beginning of the line Delete all characters from the cursor to the end Delete the character to the left of the cursor Delete the line Ctrl-F or the Right arrow key Ctrl-B or the Left arrow key Ctrl-A
Ctrl-K
Ctrl-H
Ctrl-U
Delete a word
Ctrl-W
Reprint the line
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Ctrl-R
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Command-Line Privileges
The CLI has two modes: Administrative
priv set or priv set admin Represented by system>
Advanced
priv set advanced Represented by system*>
Use advanced commands only under the direction of NetApp personnel.
system> priv set advanced Warning: These advanced commands are potentially dangerous; use them only when directed to do so by NetApp personnel. system*>
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Basic Administration Commands
system> ? ? acpadmin aggr arp backup bmc cdpd cf charmap cifs clone config date dcb df disk disk_fw_update dns download du dump echo ems environment exportfs fpolicy fsecurity ftp halt help hostname httpstat ide_savecore ifconfig ifgrp ifstat igroup ipsec ipspace iscsi key_manager keymgr license lock logger logout lun man maxfiles mt nfsstat nis options orouted partner passwd ping ping6 pktt portset priority priv qtree quota radius rdate rdfile reallocate reboot restore rlm route routed rshstat sasadmin smtape snap snaplock snapmirror snapvault snmp software source sp stats storage sysconfig sysstat timezone traceroute traceroute6 ups uptime useradmin version vfiler vlan vmservices vol vscan
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Advanced Privilege Commands
system*> ? /etc/rmt ? acorn acpadmin aggr arp availtime backup blink_off blink_on bmc bootfs bringhome cdpd cf charmap cifs clone com config date dcb dd df disk hostname httpstat ic ide_savecore ifconfig ifgrp ifinfo ifstat igroup incpy_cmd inodepath ipsec ipspace iscsi java key_manager keymgr led_off led_off_all led_on led_on_all led_on_off led_reset_all led_test led_test_one nv8 ontapi options orouted panic partner passwd perf ping ping6 pktt portset priority priv ps qtree quota radius rc_loop rc_loop_check rdate rdfile reallocate reboot registry showfh showfh4 sis sldiag sm_mon sm_mon_old sm_not smb_hist smtape snap snaplock snapmirror snapvault snmp software source sp statit stats storage stty sysconfig syslog sysstat systemshell
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Graphical User Interfaces
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GUIs Used to Manage Storage Systems
A storage system can be managed through various GUIs: NetApp System Manager NetApp Operations Manager (formerly DataFabric Manager) Microsoft Windows interfaces, such as Computer Management for certain CIFS functionality
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NetApp System Manager 2.0.2
Enables: Quick setup Easy management of NetApp storage NetApp System Requires: Manager 2003, or Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server Windows Server 2008 Microsoft Management Console (MMC) 3.0 Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Supports: The Data ONTAP 7.2.3 and later operating systems Current storage systems Data ONTAP 7.2.3+ and 8.1x operating in Cluster-Mode (c-mode), up to 24 nodes
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NetApp System Manager Features
Windows integration Discovery and setup of storage systems NAS provisioning LUN provisioning CIFS and NFS configuration ISCSI and Fibre Channel (FC) configuration Management of storage systems Streamlined HA pair configuration Windows system tray notification
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Assigning a System to Be Managed
After installation, administrators can either discover or manually assign storage systems to be managed.
Add host name or IP and click here. Discovery requires DHCP.
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NetApp System Manager: Storage Systems
Edit allows host name changes.
Setup allows authenticated users to configure the selected storage.
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NetApp System Manager: Setup Wizard
If previously configured, check OK and then click Next
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Setup Wizard Network Configuration
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Setup Wizard Configuration Summary
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Setup Wizard Setup Completion
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NetApp System Manager: Configuration
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NetApp System Manager: Dashboard
Select a storage system to view details.
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NetApp System Manager: Security
Configure SSH and SSL.
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NetApp System Manager: SSH Keys
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NetApp System Manager: SSL Certificate
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Operations Manager
Discovers, monitors, and manages NetApp storage Provides maximum availability and ensures business policy compliance
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Alternative GUIs
MMC and its snap-ins Computer Management Server Manager (in Windows Server 2008 and later)
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Configuring Your System
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Configuring Your System
To change the configuration of a storage system, use one of the following methods:
CLI Configuration files NetApp System Manager
Steps in setting up a new storage system:
Verify the date, time, and time zone configuration Set up SNMP variables to be monitored, if any Review the System Log (Syslog) Configure the AutoSupport support tool
Verify configuration: AutoSupport tool to report
configurations
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CLI Commands
System options:
system> options [feature.option_name] [value]
Example:
options rsh.enable off
NOTE: If no value is entered, the current value is displayed.
Aggregate options:
system> aggr options aggrname [option_name] [value]
Volume options:
system> vol options volname [option_name] [value]
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Registry Files
Registry files contain many persistent configurations.
File
/etc/registry /etc/registry.lastgood /etc/registry.bck /etc/registry.default
Usage
Current registry Copy of registry after last successful boot First-level backup Default registry
NOTE: The registry should never be edited directly.
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System Files
System files contain filer configuration information
/etc/rc --- file is for network interface configuration /etc/hosts --- file is for Name resolution /etc/hosts.equiv --- file is to provide RSH access /etc/nsswitch.conf --- file for search order /etc/messages -- file is for sys logs NOTE: The system files should never be edited directly.
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Editing Files from the CLI
1. Make a backup copy of the file. 2. Read the file: rdfile.
3. Use one of two command to write to the file: To write to the file and delete the original file: wrfile To append 1 line to the file without deleting the original file: wrfile a NOTE: Better yet, use NetApp System Manager.
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CLI: Time Options
To configure the date and time:
system> date [-u] [[[CC]yy]mmddhhmm[.ss]]
Example:
system> date 201004020728
sets the date for April 2, 2010, at 7:28 a.m.
To configure the time zone:
system> timezone [name]
The name argument specifies the time zone. Each time zone is described by a file in the storage systems /etc/zoneinfo directory. Example:
system> timezone America/Chicago
sets the time zone to CST.
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CLI: NTP Time Options
To configure a storage system for Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP):
system> options timed.proto ntp
To set the SNTP servers:
system> options timed.servers pool.ntp.org, 10.125.25.23
To enable the time configuration:
system> options timed.enable on In an Active Directory environment, set the ID to match the servers that are synchronized with Active Directory.
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NetApp System Manager: Time Options
To configure date, time, and time zone
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CLI: Syslog
A syslogd daemon performs message logging. The /etc/syslog.conf configuration file on the storage system's root volume determines how system messages are logged. Messages can be sent to:
The console A file A remote system
By default, all system messages are sent to the console and logged in the /etc/messages file. You can access the /etc/messages file by using: An NFS or CIFS client
NetApp System Manager
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The /etc/syslog.conf File
The /etc/syslog.conf file consists of lines with space-separated fields in the following format:
facility.level action
The facility parameter specifies the subsystem from which the message originated. The level parameter describes the severity level of the message. The action parameter specifies where messages are sent.
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NetApp System Manager: Syslog
To view the Syslog
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AutoSupport
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AutoSupport Tool
The AutoSupport tool:
Monitors a storage system's operations Sends automatic messages to technical support
HTTP/HTTPS SMTP
E-Mail Server
AutoSupport messages are generated:
When triggering events occur When you initiate a test message When the system reboots Once a week (usually after 12 a.m. on Sundays)
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Examples of AutoSupport Events
Events
Low NVRAM battery Disk failure Disk scrub detected checksum errors Shutdown occurred because of overheating Partial RPS failure occurred Disk shelf error occurred Spare disk failure occurred
E-Mail Subject Line
BATTERY_LOW DISK_FAIL!!! DISK_SCRUB CHECKSUM ERROR OVER_TEMPERATURE_SHUTDOWN!!! REBOOT SHELF_FAULT SPARE DISK FAILED
Weekly backup of /etc/messages occurred
Successful HA takeover of partner Unsuccessful HA takeover HA takeover of virtual filer HA giveback occurred
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WEEKLY_LOG
CLUSTER TAKEOVER COMPLETE CLUSTER TAKEOVER FAILED REBOOT (CLUSTER TAKEOVER) CLUSTER GIVEBACK COMPLETE
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CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 12
1. Specify whether to notify NetApp (required for many NetApp Support services):
system> options autosupport.support.enable [off|on]
2. Specify to notify NetApp technical support over SMTP or over HTTP/HTTPS:
system> options autosupport.support.transport [smtp|http|https]
If smtp, notice is sent to
autosupport.support.to
If http or https, notice is sent to autosupport.support.url
Read-only
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CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 37
3. Determine the amount of information to include:
system> options autosupport.content [complete|minimal]
4. If minimal, specify how to identify storage systems:
system> options autosupport.minimal.subject.id [hostname|systemid]
5. Specify up to five mail host servers:
system> options autosupport.mailhost host1[,]
6. Specify the senders e-mail:
system> options autosupport.from address
7. Specify up to five e-mail addresses to send notifications to:
system> options autosupport.to address[,]
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CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 89
8. Specify up to five e-mail addresses to send notes to:
system> options autosupport.noteto address[,] Notes are designed to send short e-mail messages to devices such as cell phones or other text devices.
9. Enable AutoSupport:
system> options autosupport.enable [on|off]
NOTE: AutoSupport logs are stored in /etc/log/autosupport.
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Testing AutoSupport Messages
To send an AutoSupport manual message, run the following command on the storage system console:
system> options autosupport.doit [message]
The message can be a word or a string that is enclosed in single quotation marks ( ). For testing your AutoSupport configuration, NetApp recommends that you use the message TEST or TESTING.
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NetApp System Manager: AutoSupport
To configure AutoSupport
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AutoSupport Configuration
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Module Summary
In this module, you should have learned to: Connect remotely to a FAS system, using the console and a remote host Access NetApp System Manager to administer a storage system Execute commands by using the console, a remote host, and NetApp System Manager Use commands to analyze a FAS system Configure and manage the NetApp AutoSupport support tool for a FAS system
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Exercise
Module 2: Basic Administration Estimated Time: 60 minutes
Check Your Understanding: Answers
List the methods to access a storage systems command-line interface.
Telnet, RSH, and SSH
How can you configure a FAS system from a remote host?
System Manager Later we will learn for UNIX, set up NFS and mount an export of the root volume and for Windows, set up CIFS and access the \\system\C$ share.
When are AutoSupport messages generated?
Events occur on the storage system that require corrective action. The storage system reboots. You initiate a test message. Once a week, usually after 12 a.m. on Sundays.
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