Welcome you
to
Applications of Computer in Business
Course Code: CSE 120
Semester: Spring
Lecture: 01 & 02
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Outline
Definition of Computer
A computer system
Classification of Computer
Classification of Software
Organization of a computer system
Classification of Memory
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Definition of Computer
A computer is an electronic device that
process data, converting it into information
that is useful to people.
A computer is an electronic machine that
stores, retrieves and processes data. Finally
generate meaningful information with speed
and accuracy.
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Data vs. Information
Data (symbol) used by computers
Information (meaningful) used by people
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Storage of Data Processing
The four stages of data processing
Input: Data are collected and entered into computer
Data Processing: Data are manipulated into
information using mathematical, statistical and other
tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Storage: Data and information are maintained for
later use.
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Why computer is so powerful?
Speed
Reliability & Consistency
Storage
Accuracy
Communications
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Computer System:
Every Computer is a part of a system. And a
complete computer system consists of four
parts:
Hardware
Software
One or More Users
Data
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Computer System (Cont)
Hardware: The physical devices that make
up the computer are called hardware. By
itself a computer has no intelligence and is
referred to as hardware, which means simple
the physical component. Hardware is any
part of the computer you can touch.
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Computer System (Cont)
Software: Software consists of the step by
step instructions that tell the computer how to
perform a task. Without software, the
hardware is useless.
Users: The user is a person who has not
enough
technical
knowledge
about
computers but who uses computers to
perform professional or personal tasks,
enhance learning or having fun.
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Computer System (Cont)
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Data:The
raw
material
from
which
information is generated. Data appear in the
form of text numbers, audio, video, images,
figures or any combination of these.
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User vs. Computer Professional
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The user is a person perhaps like yourselfsomeone without much technical knowledge
of computers but who users computers to
perform professional or personal tasks,
enhance learning or have fun.
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User vs. Computer Professional
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A computer professional is a person who
has had formal education in the technical
aspects of using computers. For example, a
computer programmer designs, writes, tests
and implements the programs that process
the data in the computer system.
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Classification of Computers
Based of capacity basis:
Super Computer
Mainframe Computer
Mini Computer
Micro Computer
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Program & Programming
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A program is a step by step instructions
given to a computer to have it perform
various task.
Programmers write software using special
language, called programming language.
The process of writing programs is referred
to as programming.
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Software Classification
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System Software: System software runs the
computers basic operations, allows the
computer to run applications software and
allows the users to interact with the
computer. eg: XP, LINUX etc.
Application Software: Application Software
consists of computer programs designed to
satisfy a users specific needs. eg: Game
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System Software Environment
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Multiprogramming: A computing environment
in which the user can run two or more
programs concurrently on the same
computer with one central processor.
Time Sharing Environment: A way of allowing
different users to use the CPU at the same
time.
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System Software Environment
Multiprocessing: A multiprocessing environment has
a number of processors that process data and
instructions, unlike system that have only one
Processor.
Example: System Software
Windows
DOS (Disk Operating System)
UNIX
LINUX
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Organization of computer system
Computer system consists of five basis units:
Input unit
Memory Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit
Output Unit
The control unit together with the ALU and Memory
Units, constitutes the Central PROCESSING Unit.
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Organization of computer system
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Organization of computer system
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Input Unit: Input data are fed into computer
by the help of input devices. The most
common input devices are Keyboard, Mouse
Scanner, Digital Camera etc.
Memory Unit : Both program and data are
stored for processing.
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Organization of computer system
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ALU Unit: The ALU Unit performs the actual
processing of data including addition,
subtraction, multiplication and also division.
This unit also performs certain logical
operations.
Output unit: Output data are presented the
user with the help of output devices. The
most common output devices are Monitor,
Speaker, Printer etc.
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Organization of computer system
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Control UNIT: Control all the operations of
the computer.
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Microprocessor (cpu)
The microprocessor is an electronic device. It
is the heart and brain inside every
microcomputer.
Functions
of
a
microprocessor are as follows:
i) The processor firsts fetches an instruction
from the main memory
ii)The instructions is then decoded to determine
what action is require to be done.
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Microprocessor (cpu)
iii) Based on instruction the processor fetches,
if required , data from main memory or I/O
(Input & output) module.
iv) The instruction is then executed which may
require performing arithmetic or logical
operations on data.
v) In addition to execution, CPU also
supervises and controls I/O devices.
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Microprocessor (cpu)
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Finally, the results of an execution trasfer of
data to memory or an I/O Module.
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Functions of the ALU
ALU is the computers calculator. It is the
data processing unit of the microprocessor.
Functions of the ALU are:
Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division)
Logical operations (OR, AND, NOT etc).
Decision Making
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Functions of the CU
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The control unit performs the computers
traffic control. It coordinates and controls
operations of the CPU. Functions of the CU
are:
Determine the instruction to be executed
Determine the operation to be performed
Determines what data are needed and where
they are stored
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Functions of the CU
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Determines where results, if any, are to be
stored
Determined where the next instruction is
located
Transfers control to the next instruction
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Classification of Memory
Main
memory/
Primary
(storage)/Memory
RAM: Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
Auxiliary
Memory/Secondary
(Storage)/ Storage
Magnetic tape
Hard Disk
CD ROM & DVD ROM
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memory
Memory
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