INTERFACE STANDRADS
TO PROVIDE A COMMON INTERFACE STANDRADS
IRRESPECTIVE OF VENDERS & MANUFACTURERS
EIA DEVELOPED
BY ITU
RS-232 RECOGNISED
V.24
MOST COMMONLY IMPLEMENTED VERSION
(RS 232,
V.24,
V.24/V.28
OR DB 25)
SPECFICATIONS:
MECHANICAL:
DB 25 CONNECTOR FOR SERIAL PORT 25 WIRES
RS 232D
ELECTRICAL:
VOLTAGE RANGE, MAX RECOMMENDED
+25V
0------HIGH
+3
NO Useable Signal
-3
1------LOW
-25V
MAX SPEED 20,000BPS over a cable of 15 Meters
Shielded and low capacitance cables may support for
longer distances.
FUNCTIONAL
Each function is assigned to a single wire
Each wire is used in only one direction
DATA SIGNALS:
Pin No. DESIG.
DTE------DCE
FUNCTION
02
TD
Transmitted Data
03
RD
Received Data
CONTROL SIGNALS:
20
DTR
Data Terminal Ready
06
DSR
Data Set Ready
04
RTS
Request to Send
05
CTS
Clear to Send
08
CD
Data Channel Detect
07
SG
Signal Ground
Minimal RS 232 Interface for Asynchronous Leased Telephone Circuit.
For Dial Up Line one Additional signal is required
Pin No. DESIG.
22 RI
DTE------DCE
FUNCTION
Ring Indicator
For SYNCHRONOUS Circuits Additional Timing Signals
15 TC
Transmit Clock
17 RC
Receive Clock
MISCELLANEOUS SIGNALS
DTE
DCE
15
17
TC
RC
15
17
DTE must place bits on TD
when DCE clicks on pin 15 by
its clock.
DTE removes the bits from RD
when DCE clicks on pin 17
DCE Provides clock (normal case)
DTE
DCE
15
TC
15
17
RC
17
24
ETC
24
DTE provides Clock
RS-422,
RS-423 & RS-449
RS-423 is an unbalanced electrical interface, similar to the RS-232,
Supports Data interchange over longer cables, at a speed of 100Kbps.
On the other hand, RS-422 is a balanced electrical interface.
Each signal uses its own pair of wires to form a complete electrical
circuit.
This technique, as opposed to the shared ground pin of the unbalanced
Interface, allows Data transfer 10 Mbps
using cable up to
4000 feet
RS-449
37 and 9 Pin Interface for DCE & DTE
Higher Bit rate and Longer cable Length
Improved electrical specifications, Compatibility with RS-232
MODEM FEATURES
1- EQUALISATION
2- SCRAMBLING
3- FALLBACK RATES
4- LOOPBACK CONTROL
5- DEDICATED VS DIAL MODEMS
6- AUTODIAL & AUTOANSWER MODEMS
7-SECONDARY CHANNELS (BACKWARD CHANNELS)
CONVERSION DEVICES
INTERNAL SIGNALLING IS DIGITAL AND AVAILABLE MEDIA IS
ANALOGUE. SOME TYPE OF SIGNALLING CONVERSION
DEVICE IS REQUIRED. THE MOST COMMON DEVICE IS MODEM
TO CONVERT DIGITAL FORMAT TO ANALOGUE FORMAT ON
TELEPHONE LINES.
MODEMS DATA COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT (DCE)
MODEM FEATURES:
ALTERNATIVE MODEMS:
NULL MODEMS
ASYNCHRONOUS
NULL MODEMS
SYNCHRONOUS
FIBER OPTIC MODEMS
RADIO FREQUENCY MODEMS
ENCODING SCHEME
1- NRZI ENCODING: NONRETURN-TO-ZERO INVERTED.
(i.e invert on zero)
2- NRZ: NON-RETURN TO ZERO
3- DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER ENCODING:
4- ALTERNATE MARK INVERSION (AMI)
5- DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING:
6- MANCHESTER ENCODING: