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SQL - 2071B 06

This document discusses different ways to use subqueries in SQL queries. It covers using a subquery as a derived table, expression, or to correlate data between an inner and outer query. It also discusses how EXISTS and NOT EXISTS clauses can determine if data exists in a subquery's results. Recommendations include using subqueries to break down complex queries, table aliases for correlated subqueries, and EXISTS over IN operators. The final section previews a lab for hands-on practice with these subquery techniques.

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Jose Alberto
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
168 views

SQL - 2071B 06

This document discusses different ways to use subqueries in SQL queries. It covers using a subquery as a derived table, expression, or to correlate data between an inner and outer query. It also discusses how EXISTS and NOT EXISTS clauses can determine if data exists in a subquery's results. Recommendations include using subqueries to break down complex queries, table aliases for correlated subqueries, and EXISTS over IN operators. The final section previews a lab for hands-on practice with these subquery techniques.

Uploaded by

Jose Alberto
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 6: Working with

Subqueries
Overview

 Introduction to Subqueries
 Using a Subquery as a Derived Table
 Using a Subquery as an Expression
 Using a Subquery to Correlate Data
 Using the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS
Clauses
Introduction to Subqueries

 Why to Use Subqueries


 To break down a complex query into a
series of
logical steps
 To answer a query that relies on the
results of an
other query
 Why to Use Joins Rather Than
Subqueries
 SQL Server executes joins faster than
subqueries
Using a Subquery as a Derived Table

 Is a Recordset Within a Query That


Functions as a Table
 Takes the Place of a Table in the
FROM Clause
 Is Optimized with the Rest of the
USE Query
northwind
SELECT T.orderid, T.customerid
FROM ( SELECT orderid, customerid
FROM orders ) AS T
GO
Using a Subquery as an Expression

 Is Evaluated and Treated as an


Expression
 Is Executed Once for the Query

USE pubs
SELECT title, price
,( SELECT AVG(price) FROM titles) AS average
,price-(SELECT AVG(price) FROM titles) AS difference
FROM titles
WHERE type='popular_comp'
GO
 Using a Subquery to Correlate
Data

 Evaluating a Correlated Subquery


 Mimicking a JOIN Clause
 Mimicking a HAVING Clause
Evaluating a Correlated Subquery
Outer query passes column
values to the inner query
USE northwind Inner query uses that value to
SELECT orderid, customerid satisfy the inner query
FROM orders AS or1
WHERE 20 < (SELECT quantity
FROM [order details] AS od
WHERE or1.orderid = od.orderid Example 1
AND od.productid = 23)
GO

Inner query returns a value


back to the outer query The process is repeated for the
next row of the outer query

Back to Step 1
Mimicking a JOIN Clause

 Correlated Subqueries Can Produce


the Same Result as a JOIN Clause
 Joins Let the Query Optimizer
Determine How to Correlate Data Most
Efficiently
Example 1
USE pubs
SELECT DISTINCT t1.type
FROM titles AS t1
WHERE t1.type IN
(SELECT t2.type
FROM titles AS t2
WHERE t1.pub_id <> t2.pub_id)
GO
Mimicking a HAVING Clause

 Subquery with the Same Result As a


HAVING Clause
USE pubs Example 1
SELECT t1.type, t1.title, t1.price
FROM titles AS t1
WHERE t1.price > ( SELECT AVG(t2.price) FROM titles AS t2
WHERE t1.type = t2.type )
GO

 Using a HAVING Clause Without aExample 2


USE pubs
Subquery
SELECT t1.type, t1.title, t1.price
FROM titles AS t1
INNER JOIN titles AS t2 ON t1.type = t2.type
GROUP BY t1.type, t1.title, t1.price
HAVING t1.price > AVG(t2.price)
GO
Using the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS
Clauses

 Use with Correlated Subqueries


 Determine Whether Data Exists in a
List of Values
 SQL Server Process
 Outer query tests for the existence of
rows
 Inner query returns TRUE or FALSE
 No data is produced
Example 1
USE northwind
SELECT lastname, employeeid
FROM employees AS e
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM orders AS o
WHERE e.employeeid = o.employeeid
AND o.orderdate = '9/5/97')
GO
Recommended Practices

Use Subqueries to Break Down a Complex Query

Use Table Name Aliases for Correlated Subqueries

Use the INSERT…SELECT Statement to Add Rows from


Other Sources to an Existing Table

Use the EXISTS Operator Instead of the IN Operator


Lab A: Working with Subqueries
Review

 Introduction to Subqueries
 Using a Subquery as a Derived Table
 Using a Subquery as an Expression
 Using a Subquery to Correlate Data
 Using the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS
Clauses

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