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Computer Overview: BY Priya Sharma XI - F'

The document provides an overview of computers, including their basic functions and components. It discusses how computers accept input, process data, produce output and store results. It also describes the different types of computers based on their working principles such as analog, digital and hybrid computers. The document further summarizes the different generations of computers and highlights the key developments in each generation.

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Priya Sharma
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147 views

Computer Overview: BY Priya Sharma XI - F'

The document provides an overview of computers, including their basic functions and components. It discusses how computers accept input, process data, produce output and store results. It also describes the different types of computers based on their working principles such as analog, digital and hybrid computers. The document further summarizes the different generations of computers and highlights the key developments in each generation.

Uploaded by

Priya Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

COMPUTER OVERVIEW
BY
PRIYA SHARMA
XI- ‘F’
What is Computer?
 Computer is an advanced electronic
device that takes raw data as input from
the user and processes these data under
the control of set of instructions (called
program) and gives the result (output)
and saves output for the future use. It can
process both numerical and non-
numerical (arithmetic and logical)
calculations.
A computer has four functions
 a. accepts data Input
 b. processes data Processing
 c. produces output Output
 d. stores results Storage
A computer has four functions
 Input (Data): Input is the raw information
entered into a computer from the input
devices. It is the collection of letters,
numbers, images etc.
 Process: Process is the operation of data
as per given instruction. It is totally internal
process of the computer system.
 Output: Output is the processed data
given by computer after data processing.
Output is also called as Result. We can save
these results in the storage devices for the
future use.
Computer System
 All of the components of a computer system
can be summarized with the simple
equations. COMPUTER SYSTEM =
HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER
 Hardware = Internal Devices + Peripheral
Devices All physical parts of the computer
(or everything that we can touch) are known
as Hardware.
 Software = Programs Software gives
"intelligence" to the computer.
 USER = Person, who operates computer.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
First Generation (1940-56)
 The first generation computers used
vacuum tubes & machine language was
used for giving the instructions.
 These computer were large in size &
their programming was difficult task.
 The electricity consumption was very
high.
 Some computers of this generation are
ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC & UNIVAC-1.
Second Generation(1956-63)
 In 2nd generation computers, vacuum
tubes were replaced by transistors.
 They required only 1/10 of power
required by tubes.
 This generation computers generated less
heat & were reliable.
 The first operating system developed in
this generation.
The Third Generation(1964-71):
 The 3rd generation computers replaced
transistors with Integrated circuit known as
chip.
 From Small scale integrated circuits which had
10 transistors per chip, technology developed
to MSI circuits with 100 transistors per chip.
 These computers were smaller, faster & more
reliable.
 High level languages invented in this
generation.
The fourth Generation
(1972- present)
 LSI & VLSI were used in this generation.
 As a result microprocessors came into
existence.
 The computers using this technology
known to be Micro Computers.
 High capacity hard disk were invented.
 There is great development in data
communication.
The Fifth Generation
(Present & Beyond)
 Fifth generation computing devices, based on
artificial intelligence, are still in development,
though there are some applications, such as
voice recognition, that are being used today.
 The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality.
 Quantum computation and molecular and
nanotechnology will radically change the face
of computers in years to come.
ARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER
Input Devices
 Those devices which help to enter data
into computer system.
 Eg. Keyboard, Mouse, Touch screen,
Barcode Reader, Scanner, MICR, OMR etc.

BARCODE READER MICR USED IN BANKS OMR USED FOR EVALUATION


Output Devices
Those devices which help to display the
processed information.
 Eg. Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Projector

PRINTER PLOTTER PROJECTOR


CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
 The main component to make a computer
operate is the computer chip or
microprocessor.
 This is referred to as the Central Processing
Unit (CPU) and is housed in the computer
case. Together, they are also called the CPU.
 It performs arithmetic and logic operations.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the
device that interprets and executes
instructions.
CPU AND PROCESSOR
Types of Computer

- On the basis of working


principle
a) Analog Computer
 An analog computer is a form of
computer that uses continuous physical
phenomena such as electrical, mechanical,
or hydraulic quantities to model the
problem being solved.
 Eg: Thermometer, Speedometer, Petrol
pump indicator, Multimeter
b) Digital Computer
 A computer that performs calculations
and logical operations with quantities
represented as digits,
 usually in the binary number system.
c) Hybrid Computer
(Analog + Digital)
 A combination of computers those are
capable of inputting and outputting in
both digital and analog
 signals. A hybrid computer system setup
offers a cost effective method of
performing complex
 simulations. The instruments used in
medical science lies in this category.
- On the basis of Size
a) Super Computer
 The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers
are very expensive and are employed for
 specialized applications that require immense
amounts of mathematical calculations. For
example,
 weather forecasting requires a supercomputer.
Other uses of supercomputers include animated
 graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy
research, and petroleum exploration. PARAM,
 Pace & Flosolver are the supercomputer made in
India.
SUPER COMPUTER
b) Mainframe Computer
 A very large and expensive computer capable of
supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of
 users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts
with a simple microprocessor (in watches, for
 example) at the bottom and moves to
supercomputers at the top, mainframes are just
below
 supercomputers. In some ways, mainframes are
more powerful than supercomputers because
 they support more simultaneous programs. But
supercomputers can execute a single program
 faster than a mainframe.
MAINFRAME COMPUTER
c) Mini Computer
 A midsized computer. In size and power,
minicomputers lie between workstations and
mainframes.
 In the past decade, the distinction between large
minicomputers and small mainframes has
 blurred, however, as has the distinction between
small minicomputers and workstations. But in
 general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing
system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200
 users simultaneously. Generally, servers are comes
in this category.
d) Micro Computer
 Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-
mini computer sufficient to fit on a desk.
 Laptop Computer: a portable computer
complete with an integrated screen and
keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a
desktop computer and larger than a
notebook computer.
 Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary
/Notebook /PDAs: a hand-sized computer.
Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen
serves both as an input and output device.
e) Workstations
 A terminal or desktop computer in a
network. In this context, workstation is
just a generic term for a user's machine
(client machine) in contrast to a "server"
or "mainframe."

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