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Problem 1 and 2: Elijah Arden C. Ong

The document discusses time study concepts including observed time, normal time, and standard time. It provides formulas to calculate each. It then provides an example problem calculating the observed time, normal time, and standard time given data on cycles timed, average time, and performance rating. It also discusses determining the needed sample size for a time study based on variability, desired accuracy, and confidence level. It works through two examples calculating the needed sample size for different accuracy requirements.

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angelica labii
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62 views

Problem 1 and 2: Elijah Arden C. Ong

The document discusses time study concepts including observed time, normal time, and standard time. It provides formulas to calculate each. It then provides an example problem calculating the observed time, normal time, and standard time given data on cycles timed, average time, and performance rating. It also discusses determining the needed sample size for a time study based on variability, desired accuracy, and confidence level. It works through two examples calculating the needed sample size for different accuracy requirements.

Uploaded by

angelica labii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM 1 AND 2

Elijah Arden C. Ong


1. Observed Time (OT) - The observed time is simply the
average of the recorded times.

OT = ∑x₁ / n

Where: OT = Observed Time


∑x₁ = Summation of recorded times.
n = Number of observations.

 if a job element does not occur in each cycle, its average time should be
determined separately and that amount must be added in the observed time.
2. Normal time

NT = OT x PR

Where: OT = Observed Time


PR = Performance Rating

 This is under the assumption that the single performance rating has been made for the
entire job.
 If ratings are made on an element-by-element basis
the Normal Time is obtained by multiplying each
element's average time by its performance rating
and summing those values.

NT = ∑(× ₁ x PR ₁)
Where: × ₁ = Average time for element ₁
PR ₁ = Performance rating for element ₁
The standard time for a job is the normal time multiplied by an
allowance factor for these delays.

ST = NT x AF

Where: NT = Normal Time


AF = Allowance Factor
If allowances are based on the job time.

AFjob = 1+A

If allowances are based on the percentage of workday.

AFday = 1/1-A
PROBLEM 1
A time study analyst timed an assembly operation for 30 cycles, then
computed the average time per cycle, which was 20 minutes. The
analyst assigned a performance rating of .90, and decided that an
appropriate allowance was 10%. Assume the allowance factor is
based on the workday. Determine the ff.: Observed time, Normal time,
and Standard Time.
OT = 20 Minutes AF = 1 / 1 - A
= 1 / 1 -.10
= 1.11
NT = OT x PR ST = NT x AF
= 20 x .90 = 18 x 1.11
= 18 Minutes = 19.98 Minutes
THE NUMBER OF CYCLES THAT MUST BE TIMED IS A
FUNCTION OF THREE THINGS

1. The variability of observed times


2. The desired accuracy
3. The desired level of confidence for the estimated
job time.

 Very often, the desired accuracy is expressed as a


percentage of the mean of the observed times.
Desired accuracy is in percentage
 The sample size needed to achieve the goal can be determined
using this formula.

2
 zs 
n 
 ax 

Where: n = sample size


z = No. of normal standard deviations needed for the desired
confidence
s = Sample standard deviation
a = desired accuracy percentage
x = sample mean
Desired accuracy is time
 Alternate formula used when the desired accuracy
is stated as an amount instead of a percentage.

2
 zs 
n 
 e 
Where: e = Maximum acceptable amount of
time error.
Problem 2
A time study analyst wants to estimate the number of
observations that will be needed to achieve a specified
maximum error, with a confidence of 90%. A preliminary
study yielded a mean of 5 minutes and a standard
deviation of 2.3 minutes. Determine the total number of
observations needed for these two cases:

a. A maximum error of ±7% of the sample mean


b. A maximum error of .50 minute.
A. A maximum error of ±7% of the
sample mean
x= 5 Minutes
s= 2.3 minutes
z= 90% or 1.65 from page 307
A= .07
2
 zs 
2
 1.65( 2.3) 
n    n
 .07(5)  
 ax   

n = 117.56(rounded up to 118 observations)


B. A maximum error of .50 minute.
e = .50

2 2
 zs   1.65( 2.3) 
n  n 
 e   .50 

n = 57.76 (rounded up to 58 observations)

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