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File Handling in C++

This document discusses file handling in C++. It covers opening and closing files using ifstream and ofstream objects. It also covers reading from and writing to files, different file opening modes, using file pointers and manipulators like seekp() and seekg() to move the file pointer position. The last section shows an example of reading and writing a structure to a binary file.

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suresh.anandm
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74 views

File Handling in C++

This document discusses file handling in C++. It covers opening and closing files using ifstream and ofstream objects. It also covers reading from and writing to files, different file opening modes, using file pointers and manipulators like seekp() and seekg() to move the file pointer position. The last section shows an example of reading and writing a structure to a binary file.

Uploaded by

suresh.anandm
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Handling in C++

ios
(facilities to io classes)

istream stream buf ostream


declares provides interface to declares put() and
get(),getline() and physical devices write()
read()

iostream
(contanis all I o
functions )

ifstream fstream ofstream


filebuf

fstreambase
Opening and closing a file
• Syntax
ofstream outfile(“filename”); //output
outfile is an object . Opens a file(filename)
attaches to ostream.

istream infile(“filename”); //input


infile is an object . Opens a file(filename)
attaches to istream.
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
char name[20],address[40];
ofstream out("Test.txt");
cout<<"enter name";
cin>>name;
out<<name<<'\n'; // to file
cout<<"enter address";
cin>>address;
out<<address<<'\n'; // to file
out.close();

ifstream in("Test.txt");
in>>name; //from file
in>>address; //from file
cout<<"Name :"<<name;
cout<<"Address :"<<address;
in.close();
}
Opening and closing a file
• Syntax
ofstream outfile;
outfile.open(“filename”); //output
outfile is an object . Opens a file(filename) attaches to
ostream.
istream infile;
infile.close(); //input
infile is an object . Opens a file(filename) attaches to
istream.
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

Void main()
{
Char name[20],address[40];
Ofstream out;
Out.open(“Test.txt”);
Cout<<“enter name”;
Cin>> name;
Out<<name; // to file
Cout<<“enter address”
Cin>>address;
Out<<address; // to file
Out.close();

Ifstream in;
In.open(“Test.txt”);
In>>name; //from file
In>>address; //from file
Cout<<“Name :”<<name;
Cout<<“Address :”<<address;
In.close();
}
Reading file
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
char c ;//array[100];
ifstream in;
in.open("file2.cpp");
while(in)
{
c=in.get(); // in.getline(array,100);
cout<<c; // cout<<array;
}

in.close();
}
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
char c ;
ifstream in;
in.open("file3.cpp");
for(int i=0;i<300;i++)
{
if(in.eof()!=0) // returns non zero if eof condition in encountered
{}
else
{
c=in.get();
cout<<c;
}
}
in.close();
}
File opening modes
Syntax : stream-object.open9”file name”,mode);
Modes are:
ios::app – append to end of file
ios::ate – go to end of file on opening
ios::binary – binary file
ios:: in – open file only to read
ios::nocreate – open fails if file is not exists
ios::noreplace – open fails if file already exists
ios::out – open file for writing
ios::trunc – delete contents of file
File opening modes
Example:
ofstream myfile;
myfile.open ("example.bin", ios::out | ios::app |
ios::binary);
File pointer and manipulaters
• seekg() – moves input pointer to spec location
• seekp() – moves output pointer to spec
location
• tellg() – gives current pos of i/p pointer
• tellp() – gives current pos of o/p pointer
// obtaining file size
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
long begin,end;
ifstream myfile ("file4.cpp");
begin = myfile.tellg();
myfile.seekg (0, ios::end);
end = myfile.tellg();
myfile.close();
cout<<“starting offset"<<begin;
cout<<“Ending offset"<<end;
cout << “size is: " << (end-begin) << " bytes.\n";
return 0;
}
void main()
#include <iostream>
{ inventory a[3];
#include<fstream>
fstream f;
#include<iomanip>
f.open("stock.txt",ios::in|ios::out);
using namespace std;
cout<<"enter details";
class inventory
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
{
char name[10]; int code; float cost;
public:
a[i].readdata();
void readdata() f.write((char *)&a[i],sizeof(a[i]));
{ cout<<"entername";cin>>name; }
cout<<"enter code";cin>>code; f.seekg(0);
cout<<"enter cost";cin>>cost; } cout<<"output";
void writedata() for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{ cout<<setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(10) {
<<name f.read((char*)&a[i],sizeof(a[i]));
<<setiosflags(ios::left)<<setw(10) cout<<"\n";
<<code a[i].writedata();
<<setprecision(3)<<setw(10) }
<<cost;} f.close();
}; }

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