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Areas of Normal Curve

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Since 5% of students are to fail, 95% must pass. We want to find the cutoff mark that separates the lowest 5% from the rest. 2) Let's call the cutoff mark x. Then we can set up the probability statement: P(X < x) = 0.05 3) Now we can standardize using the z-score formula: z = (x - μ) / δ Plugging in the values given: z = (x - 72) / 6 4) Using the normal distribution table, we find that z = -1.64 corresponds to an area of 0.05 below the mean.

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Leizza Niguidula
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80 views24 pages

Areas of Normal Curve

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Since 5% of students are to fail, 95% must pass. We want to find the cutoff mark that separates the lowest 5% from the rest. 2) Let's call the cutoff mark x. Then we can set up the probability statement: P(X < x) = 0.05 3) Now we can standardize using the z-score formula: z = (x - μ) / δ Plugging in the values given: z = (x - 72) / 6 4) Using the normal distribution table, we find that z = -1.64 corresponds to an area of 0.05 below the mean.

Uploaded by

Leizza Niguidula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION
CHARATERISTICS OF
THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
The curve is concave
downward between
x = µ+σ and x = µ - σ and
concave upward for values
of x outside the interval. µ-3σ µ-2σ µ-σ µ µ+σ µ+2σ
µ+3σ
♥The total area under the curve is 1.00

♥ x moves away on either side of the


mean µ, the height of the curve
decreases but remains non negative for
all values of x
Three types of normal curve
with varying means & standard
deviation.
THE STANDARDIZED
NORMAL CURVE

Normal
curve???
Finding the areas under the
normal curve is the same as finding the probability.
Example 1:
Find the area from
z= 0 to z = 1.35

Step 1. Shade the required


region.

Step 2. Find the area using


the table.
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Area is at z= 1.3 at column 3
5
A= 0.4115
P=
41.15%
Example 2.

Step 1. Shade the required region.

Step 2. Find the area using the


table.

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Area from z= 0 to z= -2.0 is 0.4772 3
Area from z= 0 to z= 2.5 is 0.4938
0.9710
} add! A = 0.971
P = 97.10%
Areas Under the Normal Curve

Example 1. Find the area


under the standard normal
curve which lies:

A. between Z = -1.65 and Z=


0

Let A = area

Then find this area from Table


II, Appendix
A(-1.65 < Z < 0 = 0.4505 -1.65 0

The negative sign (-) is only


an indication that the area
under consideration is to the
left of zero.
Areas Under the Normal Curve

b. To the right of Z =
0.95

Let A= area, then use


Table II.

A ( Z > 0.95) = 0.5 –


0.3289 = 0.1711

The area is 0.1711 and 0 0.9


is at the right of zero. 5
Areas Under the Normal Curve

c. Between Z = 0 and Z =
1.4

Let A = area, then from


Table II.

A ( 0 < Z < 1.4 ) = 0.4192

The area is 0.4192 and is at


the right of zero. 0 1.4
Areas Under the Normal Curve

b. To the right of Z =
0.95

Let A= area, then use


Table II.

A ( Z > 0.95) = 0.5 –


0.3289 = 0.1711

The area is 0.1711 and 0 0.9


is at the right of zero. 5
Areas Under the Normal Curve

d. To the right of Z = -1.25

Let A = area,

then from Table II

A ( Z > - 1.25 ) = 0.5 +


0.3944 -1.25
= 0.8944 0
Areas Under the Normal Curve
e. Between Z = -2.13 and Z=
1.62

Let A= area, from Table II


Appendix, look for
A(-2.13 < Z < 0) = 0.4834
and A(0<1.62) = 0.4474

Since the area in question is


between Z= -2.13 and Z= 1.62,
therefore ,
- 0 1.6
add these 2 areas, 2.13 2
0.4834 0.447
:. A- 0.930 4
2.13<Z<1.62=0.4834+0.4474 8
= 0.9308
Areas Under the Normal Curve

f. Between Z = 1.22 and Z =


2.03

Let A= area, then from Table II,

A(1.22 > Z > 0) = 0.3888


and A (2.03 > Z > 0) = 0.4788

Then solve for:


0 1.22
2.03
A(2.03 > Z > 1.22) = 0.4788- 0.3888
0.3888 0.09000
0.478
= 0.0900 8
Areas Under the Normal Curve

Example 2.
A random variable has a normal distribution with
the mean (u) = 80 and the standard deviation ( õ) = 4.8.
What are the probabilities that this random variable
will take on a value:

a.less than 87.2


b. greater than 76.4
c. between 81.2 and 86.0
Areas Under the Normal Curve
Solution:
a. x < 87.2

Z= x - =87.2 -

µõ 804.
= 1.5 7

From Table II, Appendix


A(Z = 1.5) = 0.4332

Let P= probability
:. P( x < 87.2) = A (Z < 1.5) = 0.5 0 1.5
= 0.4332 + 0.5
= 0.9332 or 93.21% 0. 0.433
5
0.930 2
8
The probability that x < 87.2 is 93.
32
Areas Under the Normal Curve

b. X > 76.4

Z= 76.4 -
804.
= - 0.758( left of 0 )

From Table II, Appendix

A ( Z > - 0.75 ) = 0.2734


-0.75
P ( x > 76.4 ) = A (Z>-).75) + 0
0.5 0.273 0.
= 0.2734 + 0.5 4 5
= 0.7734 or 0.9332
77.34%
Areas Under the Normal Curve

c. 81.2 < x < 86.0

Z1 = = 0.25
81.2 -
804.8

Z2 = = 1.25
86 - 80
4.8
From Table II, Appendix

A ( Z = 1.25 ) = 0.3944
0 0.25
A ( Z = 0.25 ) = 0.0987
1.25

P (81.2 < x < 86 ) = A(o.25<Z<


1.25)
= 0.3944 – 0.0987
= 0.2957 or 29.57%
Applications of the Normal Distribution
Example 1.
Records shows that in a certain hospital the
distribution of the “length of stay” of its patients is normal
with a mean (µ) 0f 10.5 days and a standard deviation (õ) of
2 days.

a. What percentage of the patients stayed 8 days?

b. What is the probability that a patient stays in the hospital


between 9 and 11 days?
Applications of the Normal Distribution
Solution:
a. x= 8 days
µ = 10. 5 days
õ = 2 days
Z=x - 8=– 10.5 = -1.25
µõ 2

From Table II,


A(Z = -1.25) = 10.56

:. P( Z to the leftof Z = -1.25


= 0 1.5
10.56%) 0. 0.433
5
0.930 2
8
1. A brisk walk at 4 miles per hour burns an average of 300
calories per hour. If the standard deviation of the
distribution is 8 calories, find the probability that a person
who walks one hour at the rate of 4 miles per hour will burn
the following calories
a. More than 280 calories
b. Less than 293 calories
c. Between 285 and 320 calories
2. In a course audit test in the College of Education, with a sample of
100 cases, the mean score is 70 and the standard deviation is 4.
assuming normality, what is the probability that the score will fall
a. Between the mean and 76
b. Above 75
c. Between 68 and 75
d. Between 75 and 76
e. What will include the middle 80% of the cases?
f. What minimum score should an education student get to belong to
the upper 15% of the group?
6. What are the two extreme scores, outside of which only 10% of the
group can be expected to fall?
3. A teacher decides to fail 5% of the class. Exam marks
are roughly normally distributed with µ = 72 and δ =
6.0.What mark must a student make to pass?

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