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Database Management Systems

This course covers database architecture including relational, hierarchical and network models. It addresses topics such as database design, data analysis, security, integrity, concurrency control, recovery, distributed databases, object-oriented databases, and client-server technology. Students will learn about database security, integrity, concurrency control, recovery and SQL commands.

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Placid Ity
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62 views

Database Management Systems

This course covers database architecture including relational, hierarchical and network models. It addresses topics such as database design, data analysis, security, integrity, concurrency control, recovery, distributed databases, object-oriented databases, and client-server technology. Students will learn about database security, integrity, concurrency control, recovery and SQL commands.

Uploaded by

Placid Ity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
ITE 319 / ITEP 214
This course covers the different architecture of the
relational, hierarchical, and networks models. Other
topics to be covered are the designs of database,
analysis of data and the different management issues
of security, integrity, concurrence control, recovery,
distributed database, object-oriented database, and
client-server technology. Included are advanced
topics on database security, integrity, concurrence
control and recovery. A discussion on distributed
database is also included and basic SQL command.
3 units – ITE 227/ITEP 133
The students are expected to become familiar with the different database architecture of the relational, hierarchical and
network models; analyze and design databases; manage issues of security, integrity, concurrence control and recovery;
differentiate distributed database with object-oriented database and client-server database technology; and learn basic SQL
command.
Instructor: FOR-IAN V. SANDOVAL
[email protected]
[email protected]
What is a data?
pieces of information that represent the qualitative or
quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables.
data (plural of "datum") are typically the results of
measurements and can be the basis of graphs, images,
or observations of a set of variables.
data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction
from which information and knowledge are derived.
What is a file?
a collection of data (or, often, of logically related
records) stored and dealt with as a single, named
unit.
What is a database?
A database is a structured collection of records or data
that is stored in a computer system.
A database is a collection of data, typically describing
the activities of one or more related organizations. For
example the university might contain information
about the following:
Entities such as students, faculty, courses and
classrooms.
Relationships between entities such as students’
enrollment in courses, faculty teaching courses and
the use of rooms for courses.
What Is a DBMS?
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a
software package designed to store and manage
databases.
Models real-world enterprise.
 Entities (e.g., students, courses)
 Relationships (e.g., Madonna is taking CS564)
Files vs. DBMS
Application must stage large datasets between
main memory and secondary storage (e.g.,
buffering, page-oriented access, 32-bit addressing,
etc.)
Special code for different queries
Must protect data from inconsistency due to
multiple concurrent users
Crash recovery
Security and access control
Why Use a DBMS?
Data independence and efficient access.
Reduced application development time.
Data integrity and security.
Uniform data administration.
Concurrent access, recovery from crashes.
?

Why Study Databases??


Shift from computation to information
 at the “low end”: scramble to webspace (a mess!)
 at the “high end”: scientific applications

Datasets increasing in diversity and volume.


 Digital libraries, interactive video, Human Genome
project, EOS project
 ... need for DBMS exploding

DBMS encompasses most of CS


 OS, languages, theory, AI, multimedia, logic
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
The text presents a standard list of virtues of database systems:

1. Getting more information from the same amount of


data
2. Sharing data
3. Balancing conflicting requirement
4. Controlling redundancy
5. Facilitating Consistency
6. Improving integrity - Integrity constraints
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
The text presents a standard list of virtues of database systems:

7. Expanding security
8. Increasing Productivity
9. Providing data independence
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS
The text presents a standard list of virtues of database systems:

1. Large file size


2. Increase complexity
3. Greater impact of failure
4. More difficult recovery
DBMS Building Blocks
A DBMS includes four main parts:
 modeling language
 data structure
 database query language
 transaction mechanisms:
Modeling Language
A data modeling language to define the schema of each database hosted in the DBMS,
according to the DBMS database model.

 hierarchical model
 network model
 relation model
 object model
Data Structure
Data structures (fields, records, files and objects)
optimized to deal with very large amounts of data
stored on a permanent data storage device (which
implies relatively slow access compared to volatile main
memory).
Database Query Language
 A database query language and report writer allows
users to interactively interrogate the database,
analyze its data and update it according to the user’s
privileges on data.
 It also controls the security of the database. Data
security prevents unauthorized users from viewing
or updating the database.
 Using passwords, users are allowed access to the
entire database or subsets of it called subschemas.
Transaction Mechanism
 A database transaction mechanism ideally guarantees
ACID properties in order to ensure data integrity despite
concurrent user accesses (concurrency control), and faults
(fault tolerance).

 It also maintains the integrity of the data in the database.


The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the database by
not allowing more than one user to update the same record
at the same time.
Transaction Mechanism
 The DBMS can help prevent duplicate records via
unique
index constraints;
DBMS FEATURES AND
CAPABILITIES
Features commonly offered by database
management systems include:
1. Query Ability
2. Rule Reinforcement
3. Computation
4. Change and Access Logging
5. Automated Optimization
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW
A DBMS minimizes these problems by providing two views of the
database data: a logical (external) view and physical (internal) view.

 Logical View
The logical view/user’s view, of a database program
represents data in a format that is meaningful to a user
and to the software programs that process those data.
That is, the logical view tells the user, in user terms, what
is in the database.
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW
 Physical View
The physical view deals with the actual, physical
arrangement and location of data in the direct access
storage devices (DASDs). Database specialists use the
physical view to make efficient use of storage and
processing resources.
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW
One strength of a DBMS is that while there is
only one physical view of the data, there can be an
endless number of different logical views.
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW

Traditional View of Data


META-DATA REPOSITORY
Metadata is data describing data. For example, a
listing that describes what attributes are allowed to be
in data sets is called "meta-information". The meta-data
is also known as data about data.
Examples of Data Management
 Adavas
 Adaptive Server Enterprise
 Alpha Five
 Computhink’s ViewWise
 Daffodil DB
 DataEase
 FileMaker
 Firebird
 IBM DB2
 IBM UniVerse
Examples of Data Management
 Ingres
 Informix
 InterSystem Cache
 Kexi
 Linter SQL RDBMS
 Mark Logic
 Microsoft Access
 Microsoft SQL Server
 Microsoft Visual Foxpro
 MonetDB
Examples of Data Management
 MySQL
 OpenLink Virtuoso
 OpenOffice.org Base
 Oracle Database
 PostgreSQL
 Progress
 SQL Anywhere
 SQLite
 Teradata
 Vertica Analytic Database

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