BE-102
Design & Engineering
Naseel Ibnu Azeez.M.P
Asst. Professor,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
MEA-Engineering College,
Perinthalmanna.
Email:
[email protected] Design Space
The set of all possible designs is an n-dimensional hyperspace called a design space
Where, n= The number of different engineering
characteristics it takes to fully describe the design
feasible designs created in response to the
articulation of a design task is pictured as a
problem space or a design space that consists
of states as shown in Fig.
• Each state is a different conceptual design. The space has a boundary that
encloses only the feasible designs, many of which are unknown to the
designer
• The space is more than three dimensions because there are so many
characteristics that can categorize a design (e.g., cost, performance, weight,
size, etc.)
Design Space Analogy
A stationary solar system is a useful analogy for a design space
A stationary solar system is a useful analogy for a design space.
Each planet or star in the system is different from the others.
Each known body in the space is a potential solution to the design task.
There are also a number of undiscovered planets and stars.
These represent designs that no one has articulated.
The vastness of outer space is also a good analogy for a design space.
There are many, many, many, different solutions for any design problem. The
number of potential solutions can be as high as the order of n where n is equal to
the number of different engineering characteristics it takes to fully describe the
design.
Design Process
Designs did not miraculously appear but originated in the minds of human beings
and took time to develop.
Engineering is the creative process of turning abstract ideas into physical
representations (products or systems).
‘There are scientific methods that
everyone can adopt to develop
optimised DESIGNS’
Design Process
1. Define the Problem
2. Generate Concepts
3. Develop a Solution
4. Construct and Test a
Prototype
5. Evaluate the Solution
6. Present the Solution
Define the Problem
• Identify a problem
• Validate the problem
– Who says it is a problem?
– Needs and wants
– Prior solutions
• Justify the problem
– Is the problem worth solving?
• Create design requirements (specifications)
– Criteria and constraints
• Design Brief
Define the Problem
• Design Brief
– A written plan that identifies
a problem to be solved, its
criteria, and its constraints.
– Used to encourage thinking
of all aspects of a problem
before attempting a
solution.
Define the Problem
• Identify a problem
• Validate the problem
– Who says it is a problem?
In some cases, if the
– Needs and wants
problem is not valid or
– Prior solutions justifiable, the designer
• Justify the problem must define a new
– Is the problem worth solving? problem.
• Create design requirements (specifications)
– Criteria and constraints
• Design Brief
Generate Concepts
• Research
• Brainstorm possible
solutions
• Consider additional design
goals
• Apply STEM principles
• Select an approach
• Decision Matrix
Generate Concepts
• Decision Matrix
− A tool used to compare
design solutions against one
another, using specific
criteria.
Generate Concepts
• Research
• Brainstorm possible solutions
• Consider additional design
goals
• Apply STEM principles
• Select an approach
If the technology
• Decision Matrix necessary to develop
the solution does not
exist, scientific research
may be necessary to
pursue a solution.
Develop a Solution
• Create detailed design
solution
• Justify the solution path
• Technical Drawings
Develop a Solution
• Technical Drawings
– Drawings that provide
technical information
necessary to produce a
product.
• material, size, shape
• assembly, if necessary
Develop a Solution
• Select an approach
– Decision Matrix
• Create detailed design
solution
– Technical Drawings
• Justify the solution path
If a solution is found to be
invalid or cannot be
justified, the designer must
return to a previous step in
the design process.
Construct and Test a Prototype
• Construct a testable
prototype
• Plan prototype testing
– Performance
– Usability
– Durability
• Test prototype
– collect test data
– analyze test data
• Test Report
Prototyping: The first stage of testing and implementation of a new product, called
prototyping, consists of building a prototype of the product-the first fully operational
production of the complete design solution. A prototype is not fully tested and may not
work or operate as intended. The purpose of the prototype is to test the design solution
under real conditions.
Aircraft wind tunnel test
Construct and Test
a Prototype
• Construct a testable
prototype
• Plan prototype testing
– Performance
– Usability
–IfDurability
a testable prototype
cannot
• Test be built or test
prototype
–data analysis indicates a
collect test data
flawed design, the
– analyze test data
designer must return to a
• Test
previous
Reportstep of the
design process.
Evaluate the Solution
• Evaluate solution
effectiveness
• Reflect on design
– Recommend improvements
• Optimize/Redesign the
solution
– [Return to prior design
process steps, if necessary]
– Revise design documents
• Project Recommendations
Evaluate the Solution
• Evaluate solution
effectiveness
• Reflect on design
– Recommend improvements
• Optimize/Redesign the
solution
– [Return to prior design process
steps, if necessary]
– Revise design documents
• Project Recommendations
Evaluate the Solution
Does the solution solve
the problem?
If not, the designer must
return to a previous step
of the design process.
Present the Solution
• Document the project
– Project Portfolio
• Communicate the
project
– Formal Presentation
Design Process
• Iterative
A Design Process
Product improvement
or redesign will
Product
Innovation
require the designer
to repeat the design
process.
Detailed Design Process
12. Communicate Results 1. Define a Problem
11. Refine/Create 2. Brainstorm Possible
Solutions
10. Test & Evaluate
3. Generate ideas
9. Prototype
4. Research Ideas &
Explore Possibilities
8. Develop Written
Design Proposal 5. Specify Criteria &
Identify Constraints
7. Select an Approach
6. Consider Alternative Solutions
Product Development Process
Reference
• George E Dieter, Linda C. Schmidt- Engineering Design
• Dym, C. L., Little, P. and Orwin, E. J., Engineering Design - A
Project based introduction-Wiley
• Haik, Y. And Shahin, M. T., Engineering Design Process, Cengage
Learning
• Balmer, R. T., Keat, W. D., Wise, G., and Kosky, P., Exploring
Engineering, Third Edition: An Introduction to Engineering and
Design
• V.B Bhandari- Design of Machine Elements
• Donald A Norman- Living With Complexity
• Jorma Tuomaala- Creative Engineering Design
• Don Norman- Design of everyday things
www.slideshare.net/naseelazeeniya
