Scribd
Upload
216 views17 pages

Intro To Database Systems & DBMS

This document provides an introduction to database systems and database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data that should support definition, construction, and manipulation. A DBMS is described as a collection of programs that enable users to create and maintain a database, managing its structure and controlling access to data. The document then provides a brief history of databases and DBMSs, describes the role and advantages of DBMSs, different types of databases, the database system environment, DBMS functions, database architecture, and components of a DBMS.

Uploaded by

gurunge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
216 views17 pages

Intro To Database Systems & DBMS

This document provides an introduction to database systems and database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data that should support definition, construction, and manipulation. A DBMS is described as a collection of programs that enable users to create and maintain a database, managing its structure and controlling access to data. The document then provides a brief history of databases and DBMSs, describes the role and advantages of DBMSs, different types of databases, the database system environment, DBMS functions, database architecture, and components of a DBMS.

Uploaded by

gurunge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Intro to Database Systems & DBMS

Database: A collection of related data. It should support


 Definition
 Construction
 Manipulation

Database Management System: A collection of programs that enable the users to create
and maintain a database.
 Collection of programs that manages database structure and controls access to
data
 Possible to share data among multiple applications or users
 Makes data management more efficient and effective

1
Brief History
• Early 1960s: first general purpose database by Charles Bachman from GE. Used the
network data model.
• Late 1960s: IBM developed Information Management System (IMS). Used the
hierarchical data model. Led to SABRE, the airline reservation system developed by AA
and IBM. Still in use today.
• 1970: Edgar Code of IBM developed the relational data model. Led to several DBMS
based on relational model, as well as important theoretical results. Code wins Turing
award.
• 1980s: relational model dominant. SQL standard.
• Late 1980s, 1990s: DBMS vendors extend systems, allowing more complex data types
(images, text).

2
Role and Advantages of the DBMS
• End users have better access to more and better-managed data
⁻ Promotes integrated view of organization’s operations
⁻ Probability of data inconsistency is greatly reduced
⁻ Possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries
• Data storage, retrieval, and update: The ability to store, retrieve, and update the
data that are in the database
• DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use.
• Database Applications:
 Banking: all transactions
 Airlines: reservations, schedules
 Universities: registration, grades
 Sales: customers, products, purchases
 Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
 Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions

3
Role and Advantages of the DBMS Contd..

4
Types of Databases
• Databases can be classified according to:
− Number of users
− Database location(s)
− Expected type and extent of use
• Single-user database supports only one user at a time
− Desktop database – single-user, runs on PC
• Multiuser- database supports multiple users at the same time
− Workgroup database supports a small number
− Enterprise database supports a large number
• Centralized database: data located at a single site
• Distributed database: data distributed across several different sites
• Operational database: supports a company’s day-to-day operations
• – Transactional or production database
• Data warehouse: stores data used for tactical or strategic decisions

5
Types of Databases Contd..
• Unstructured data exist in their original state
• Structured data result from formatting
− Structure applied based on type of processing to be performed
• Semistructured data have been processed to some extent
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) represents data elements in textual format
• XML database supports semistructured XML data

6
The Database System Environment
• Database system is composed of five main parts:
– Hardware
– Software
• Operating system software
• DBMS software
• Application programs and utility software
– People
– Procedures
– Data

7
The Database System Environment Contd..

8
DBMS Functions
• DBMS performs functions that guarantee integrity and consistency of data
– Data dictionary management
• defines data elements and their relationships
– Data storage management
• stores data and related data entry forms, report definitions, etc.
– Data transformation and presentation
• translates logical requests into commands to physically locate and retrieve
the requested data
– Security management
• enforces user security and data privacy within database

9
DBMS Functions Contd..
– Multiuser access control
• uses sophisticated algorithms to ensure multiple users can access the
database concurrently without compromising the integrity of the database
– Backup and recovery management
• provides backup and data recovery procedures
– Data integrity management
• promotes and enforces integrity rules
– Database access languages and application programming interfaces
• provide data access through a query language
– Database communication interfaces
• allow database to accept end-user requests via multiple, different network
environments

10
DBMS Functions Contd..

11
Architecture of DBMS
• An early proposal for a standard terminology and general architecture database a
system was produced in 1971 by the DBTG (Data Base Task Group) appointed by
the Conference on data Systems and Languages
• The DBTG recognized the need for a two level approach with a system view called
the schema and user view called subschema. The American National Standard
Institute terminology and architecture in 1975.ANSI-SPARC recognized the need
for a three level approach with a system catalog
• There are following three levels or layers of DBMS architecture:
1. External Level
2. Conceptual Level
3. Internal Level

12
Architecture of DBMS

13
levels or layers of DBMS architecture
• External Level: - External Level is described by a schema i.e. it consists of
definition of logical records and relationship in the external view.
• Conceptual Level: - Conceptual Level represents the entire database. Conceptual
schema describes the records and relationship included in the Conceptual view. .
• Internal Level: - Internal level indicates hoe the data will be stored and described
the data structures and access method to be used by the database.

14
Components of DBMS
1. Hardware: Can range from a PC to a network of computers.

2. Software: DBMS, operating system, network software (if necessary) and also the
application programs.

3. Data: Used by the organization and a description of this data called the schema.

4. People: Includes database designers, DBAs, application programmers, and end-


users.

5. Procedure: Instructions and rules that should be applied to the design and use of
the database and DBMS.

15
DISCUSSIONS…

16
Thank You!!!

17

You might also like